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The Vicissitudes of Jewish Memory in Post-Communist Poland
Author(s): Kapralski, Slawomir
Editor(s): Pearce, Susan C.; Sojka, Eugenia
Topics: Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory
Abstract: In this chapter, Kapralski offers a sociological analysis of collective memory questions regarding Jewish-Gentile relations in present-day Poland. How are Poles marking, not marking, or resisting marking the Holocaust history in its changing landscapes? After describing the memory confrontations in post-1989 Poland generally, Kapralski zeroes in on the manifestations of these questions in Przeworsk, Poland. Among the struggles of carving out new lives in the uncertain realities of post-communism, competition for victim status arises between groups, playing out as battles over memory. This chapter traces the cultural, emotional, and political realities that face Poland as it confronts the weightiness of its history.
Ritual Reproduction in Jewish Communities in Germany: The Case of Circumcision
Author(s): Tübel, Susanne
Editor(s): Demmrich, Sarah; Riegel, Ulrich
Date: 2020
Topics: Circumcision / Brit Milah, Interviews, Main Topic: Other, Jewish History, Ritual, Religious Observance and Practice, Religious Belief
Abstract: The study of Jewish religion shows that many concepts developed in view of Protestant Western contexts do not fit for empirical research on elements of the Jewish tradition and its religious understanding. Analyzing the Jewish ritual of circumcision, the concept of (individual) religiosity does not seem appropriate. Individual belief and individual religiosity are no precondition for the ritual taking place on the eighth day of a boy’s life. The here-presented study aims at reconstructing the ritual structure of circumcision with regard to the level of time in Jewish communities in Germany by using empirical data from qualitative interviews. Interestingly enough, the ritual reproduction of circumcision from generation to generation is independent both from the individual religiosity of the boy and his parents. The concept of (individual) religiosity is not effective in explaining the continuing transmission of the ritual and does not seem appropriate for research on other aspects of Judaism either. Alternatively, the concept of religious obligation and a wider understanding of transcendence connecting the individual with the Jewish community and Jewish tradition are more helpful to explain the ongoing ritual reproduction.
The Inclusion of Invisible Minorities in the EU Member States: The Case of Greek Jews in Greece
Author(s): Balodimas-Bartolomei, Angelyn; Alexiou, Nicholas
Editor(s): Mattheou, Dimitris
Date: 2010
Topics: Integration, Main Topic: Other, European Union, Minorities
Abstract: As EU societies become increasingly multicultural, multiethnic, and multireligious, the recognition of otherness has become a main priority in the objectives for education and training programs in the EU (European Commission 2006a). Over the years, the European Union has encouraged intercultural dialogue to raise the awareness of all those living inside and outside of the EU through various programs and initiatives (European Commission 2008a). Consequently, 2008 has been designated as the “European Year of Intercultural Dialogue” by the European Parliament and Member States of the European Union. The initiative aims at raising awareness and a deeper understanding of the identity of European citizens and of those individuals and groups belonging to different cultures, ethnicities, and religions. The proposed projects in each EU country will be implemented in schools and various cultural, athletic, and civil society organizations throughout the Union.
Interreligiöse Familien im ethnografischen Portrait. Jüdisch-christliche Koexistenz in Racha, Georgien
Translated Title: Interreligious families in an ethnographic portrait. Jewish-Christian coexistence in Racha, Georgia
Author(s): Stürmer, Michael Frederic
Editor(s): Leiße, Olaf
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Jewish - Christian Relations, Intermarriage, Family and Household, Ethnography
Abstract: Der religiöse Pluralismus Georgiens, häufig als charakteristisch für die gesamte Kaukasusregion wahrgenommen, hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zugunsten einer Dominanz der Orthodoxie und einer zunehmenden Verschmelzung von nationaler und christlich-orthodoxer Identität abgenommen. Dabei wird in den letzten Jahren vermehrt von interreligiösen Spannungen und Islamophobie berichtet. Gleichzeitig erfährt die Rezeption und Pflege der Beziehungen zwischen der christlichen und der jüdischen Bevölkerung Georgiens neuen Aufschwung. Im Frühjahr 2018 erklärte die Regierung die „jüdisch-christliche Geschichte und Tradition“ zum nationalen Kulturerbe und beantragte die Aufnahme in die UNESCO-Liste des immateriellen Welt-Kulturerbes. Im Hinblick auf die georgischen Juden existiert wenig Forschung zu Praktiken des Miteinanders und kaum ethnografisches Datenmaterial. Die Frage, welche Faktoren das Zusammenleben von Menschen verschiedener ethnischer und religiöser Identitätsverortungen in Georgien beeinflussen, steht im Zentrum dieses Textes, dessen wesentliche Datengrundlage im Jahr 2014 während eines Forschungsaufenthaltes in der Region Racha gewonnen wurde. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf jüdisch-christlich gemischten Familien in der Stadt Oni, die in vielfältiger Hinsicht Dimensionen des Miteinanders und der Abgrenzung abbilden können.
Holocaust Education in Scotland: Taking the Lead or Falling Behind?
Author(s): Cowan, Paula; Maitles, Henry
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
“Thanks to Scandinavia” and Beyond: Nordic Holocaust Education in the 21st Century
Author(s): Dervin, Fred
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Holocaust Education in Austria: A (Hi)story of Complexity and Prospects for the Future
Author(s): Bastel, Heribert; Matzka, Christian; Miklas, Helene
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
“Unless They Have To”: Power, Politics and Institutional Hierarchy in Lithuanian Holocaust Education
Author(s): Beresniova, Christine
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Teachers, Schools: Non-Jewish
Holocaust History, Memory and Citizenship Education: The Case of Latvia
Author(s): Misco, Thomas
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust, Citizenship, Memory
Measuring Holocaust Knowledge and Its Relationship to Attitudes towards Diversity in Spain, Canada, Germany, and the United States
Author(s): Jedwab, Jack
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust, Diversity
Compliant Policy and Multiple Meanings: Conflicting Holocaust Discourses in Estonia
Author(s): Stevick, E. Doyle
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration
“They Think It Is Funny to Call Us Nazis”: Holocaust Education and Multicultural Education in a Diverse Germany
Author(s): Ortloff, Debora Hinderliter
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Multiculturalism
Mind the Gap: Holocaust Education in Germany, between Pedagogical Intentions and Classroom Interactions
Author(s): Meseth, Wolfgang; Proske, Matthias
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Schools: Non-Jewish, Teaching
Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities. Sources, Comparisons and Educational Challenges
Editor(s): Jikeli, Günther; Allouche-Benayoun, Joëlle
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Muslim, Antisemitism: Far right, Anti-Zionism, Holocaust Denial, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Jewish - Muslim Relations
Abstract: The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.

In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.
Victims under Siege: Lessons for Polish–Jewish Relations and Beyond
Author(s): Vollhardt, Johanna Ray; Bilewicz, Michał; Olechowski, Mateusz
Editor(s): Halperin, Eran; Sharvit, Keren
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Psychology, Holocaust, Memory, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations
Abstract: In this chapter, we review Daniel Bar-Tal’s pioneering work on collective victim beliefs and how they influence intractable conflicts and intergroup relations more generally. Bar-Tal’s early work on siege mentality and on societal beliefs related to collective victimhood stimulated research in social and political psychology on this important, understudied topic. We discuss his contributions and review empirical evidence of his postulates as well as more recent conceptualizations of collective victimhood that build on his work. In the second part of this chapter, we discuss collective victimhood in Poland where Bar-Tal grew up. Although Poland is not involved in an intractable conflict, centuries of occupation by surrounding empires and countries contribute to a powerful self-view of Poland as the “Christ of Nations.” We discuss research on the relationship between this victimhood-based identity and anti-Semitism as well as reactions to the role of Poles during the Holocaust. We also discuss some evidence of positive consequences of victim beliefs for the support of refugees in Poland, and end with a discussion of interventions and moral exemplars that may help transform collective victimhood and improve contemporary relations between historically victimized groups—in Poland, Israel, and beyond.
Some Correlates of Well-being and Distress in Anglo-Jewish Women
Author(s): Loewenthal, Kate; Amos, Valerie; Goldblatt, Vivienne; Mullarkey, Sean
Editor(s): Brown, Laurence B.
Date: 1994
Topics: Mental Health, Main Topic: Other, Jewish Women, Orthodox Judaism, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Surveys, Motherhood
Abstract: London Jewish women were sampled from “middle-” and “ultra”orthodox synagogue membership lists, and measures of well-being and distress, together with information on demographic and other factors, were obtained from 121 of them. For the whole sample, correlates of depression and well-being related to the wife-and-mother roles, and generally resembled the correlates that have been found in other groups of women, although the Jewish women with fewer dependent children were the more depressed. The two groups of women differed on a number of demographic characteristics, which might explain the slightly lower levels of distress and dissatisfaction in the ultraorthodox. For the middle-orthodox group, happiness relates to marriage, whereas for the ultraorthodox, happiness relates to integration into their community
Schelling-type micro-segregation in a Hassidic enclave of Stamford Hill
Author(s): Flint Ashery, Shlomit
Date: 2018
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Jewish Neighbourhoods, Geography, Main Topic: Other, Hassidim, Housing, Family and Household
Abstract: This study examines how non-economic inter- and intra-group relationships are reflected in residential pattern, uses a mixed methods approach designed to overcome the principal weaknesses of existing data sources for understanding micro residential dynamics. Micro–macro qualitative and quantitative analysis of the infrastructure of residential dynamics offers a holistic understanding of urban spaces organized according to cultural codes. The case study, the Haredi community, is composed of sects, and residential preferences of the Haredi sect members are highly affected by the need to live amongst ‘friends’ – other members of the same sect. Based on the independent residential records at the resolution of a single family and apartment that cover the period of 20 years the study examine residential dynamics in the Hassidic area of Stamford-Hill, reveal and analyze powerful Schelling-like mechanisms of residential segregation at the apartment, building and the near neighbourhood level. Taken together, these mechanisms are candidates for explaining the dynamics of residential segregation in the area during 1995–2015.
Spatial Behavior in Haredi Jewish Communities in Great Britain
Author(s): Flint Ashery, Shlomit
Date: 2020
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Jewish Neighbourhoods, Geography, Jewish Community, Jewish Organisations, Main Topic: Other, Hassidim, Family and Household, Housing, Demography
Abstract: This book focuses on the strict orthodox Jewish (Haredi) community, which comprises many sects whose communal identity plays a central role in everyday life and spatial organization. The research reveals and analyses powerful mechanisms of residential segregation acting at the apartment-, building- and near-neighbourhood levels. Identifying the main engines of spontaneous and organised neighbourhood change and evaluating the difficulties of liberalism dealing with non-autonomous individuals in the housing market sheds light on similar processes occurring in other city centres with diverse population groups. Highlighting the impact of various organisational levels on the spatial structure of the urban enclave, the book focuses on the internal dynamics of ethno-religious enclaves that emerge from three levels of action: (1) individuals' relationships with their own and other groups; (2) the community leadership's powers within the group and in respect of other groups; and (3) government directives and tools (e.g planning). The study examines how different levels of communal organisation are reflected in the residential patterns of four British communities: the Litvish communities of Golders Green and Gateshead, and the Hassidic communities of Stamford Hill and Canvey Island.
Jüdische Religion in Deutschland: Säkularität, Traditionsbewahrung und Erneuerung
Translated Title: Jewish religion in Germany: Secularity, tradition preservation and renewal
Author(s): Schrage, Eva-Maria
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Jewish Organisations, Synagogues, Religious Observance and Practice, Circumcision / Brit Milah, Gemeinden, Reform/Liberal/Progressive Judaism, Orthodox Judaism
Abstract: Eva-Maria Schrage untersucht in ihrer Studie, wie junge Jüdinnen und Juden ihre Religion heute leben. Zugleich geht sie der Frage nach, wie Rabbiner, Rabbinerinnen und religiöse Gemeinschaften damit umgehen, dass die Religion im Leben vieler Jüdinnen und Juden heute eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Die Grundlage der Studie sind sowohl narrative Interviews religiöser Führungspersönlichkeiten als auch biographische Erzählungen von Mitgliedern verschiedener jüdischer Gemeinden. In der Beschneidungsdebatte 2012 wurde erstmals in der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte eine religiöse Praxis des Judentums öffentlich diskutiert. Unabhängig davon gibt es innerhalb des hiesigen Judentums schon länger vielfältige Diskussionen darüber, wie man die Religion in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft praktizieren sol
Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): DellaPergola, Sergio; Rebhun, Uzi
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Russian Emigration
Abstract: FSU Jewish numerical dynamics and emigration are presented. The demographic characteristics of the Jews today in different FSU countries and some parts of the Russian Federation are analyzed in comparison with those of Soviet Jewry at the onset of the mass emigration of the 1990s.
Britain and Australia, a World Apart, Together: An International Contextualization of Jewish Intermarriage Using Census Data
Author(s): Graham, David J.
Editor(s): DellaPergola, Sergio; Rebhun, Uzi
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Censuses, Intermarriage, Jewish Identity
Abstract: Census data are far superior in population coverage to survey data and, when relevant information is available, provide a tremendous opportunity for detailed demographic research into Jewish populations. This paper presents a comparative assessment of census data on Jewish intermarriage in England and Wales contrasting this with comparative data from Australia. In doing so, it presents a statistically robust contextualisation and description of intermarriage patterns and processes being experienced by these two Jewish populations. Despite the enormity of the geographical distance separating them, multiple parallels are observed. The analysis demonstrates the versatility of census data and its potential for broadening our understanding of subtopics of intermarriage such as the role cohabitation plays in patterns of homogamy and the transmission of Jewish identity to children being raised in intermarried homes. Finally, it demonstrates that despite striking similarities, there is clear evidence that Britain and Australia are set upon divergent paths with Britain moving towards higher prevalence of marital endogamy and Australia moving towards lower prevalence.
Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities. Sources, Comparisons and Educational Challenges
Editor(s): Jikeli, Günther; Allouche-Benayoun, Joëlle
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Anti-Zionism, Antisemitism: Muslim, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Denial, Jewish - Muslim Relations, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.
Identity, Belief and Cultural Sustainability: A Case- Study of the Experiences of Jewish and Muslim Schools in the UK
Author(s): Parker-Jenkins, Marie
Editor(s): Chapman, Judith D.; McNamara, Sue; Reiss, Michael; Waghid, Yusef
Date: 2014
Topics: Jewish Schools, Multiculturalism, Comparisons with other communities, Main Topic: Education
Jewish Schools and Britain: Emerging from the Past, Investing in the Future
Author(s): Miller, Helena
Editor(s): Chapman, Judith D.; McNamara, Sue; Reiss, Michael; Waghid, Yusef
Date: 2014
Topics: Jewish Schools, Main Topic: Education
Abstract: This book chapter reviews the historical context for the development of Jewish schools in the UK, explaining how social, cultural, political and demographic changes have affected the framework and content of Jewish education. An identification of the current issues and challenges facing Jewish faith schools in twenty-first century Britain follows, focusing on external influencing factors as well as issues from within the Jewish community.
Intergenerational Responses to Social and Political Changes: Transformation of Jewish Identity in Hungary
Author(s): Erös, Ferenc; Vajda, Júlia; Kovács, Éva
Editor(s): Danieli, Yael
Date: 1998
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Family and Household, Jewish Education, Age and Generational Issues, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Jewish identity in the diaspora has always had its problematic sides, particularly in the last 100 years. As a consequence of factors such as secularization, the erosion or dissolution of traditional communities, and rapid assimilation processes, Jewish identity became more problematic, and its borders and definitions more vague, doubtful, or flexible. Definitions of “being a Jew” were relativized; they became various points on a scale that may range from belonging to a ritual community, to a distinct ethnic, religious and/or linguistic group, through belonging to more or less well-defined subcultures and/or traditions, to the point where no Jewish identity exists at all.
Three Generations in Jewish and Non-Jewish German Families after the Unification of Germany
Author(s): Rosenthal, Gabriele; Völter, Bettina
Editor(s): Danieli, Yael
Date: 1998
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Family and Household, Jewish Education, Age and Generational Issues, Oral History and Biography, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: How do three generations of families live today with the family and the collective past during the Nazi period? What influences do this past of the first generation, and its own ways of dealing with it, have upon the lives of its offspring and on the ways in which the latter come to terms with their family history? These are the general empirical questions put forward by our current research (Rosenthal, 1998).1 The specific focus of our study lies in comparing different family constellations based on whether the first generation can be categorized as victims, perpetrators, or Nazi followers during the Nazi period. Particularly from a sociological perspective, we also investigate how biographically different family histories after 1945—in Israel, in West Germany (FRG), and in the former East Germany (GDR)—affect the process of transmission from one generation to the next. In three generations of Jewish and non-Jewish German and Israeli families, we examine the process by which the family history is passed down through the generations. The aim is to reconstruct constellations in life stories that may facilitate the psychological and social integration of people burdened with a threatening collective and family past.
Radikaler Antisemitismus. Inklusions- und Exklusionssemantiken von links und rechts in Deutschland
Author(s): Globisch, Claudia
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Left-Wing, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Während der Antisemitismus im rechten Spektrum traditionell tief verankert und konstitutiv für das rechte Weltbild ist, ist dies für das linke Spektrum immer noch strittig. Linke Selbstbeschreibungen der Gesellschaft nehmen in Anspruch, nicht nationalistisch und zugleich antifaschistisch und nicht antisemitisch zu sein. Sollten die Muster antisemitischer Semantiken dennoch im linken Spektrum vorkommen, ist die These einer kulturell generalisierten antisemitischen Semantik plausibel. Claudia Globisch nimmt den Antisemitismus im linken und rechten Spektrum der Bundesrepublik nach 1989 bis zur Gegenwart auf Basis eines neuen wissenssoziologischen Zugangs erstmals empirisch vergleichend in den Blick
Netherlands: Social Integration and Religious Identity
Author(s): Hoofd, Hetty van het
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Integration, Jewish Identity, Religion, Main Topic: Identity and Community
France: Jewish Education in France
Author(s): Bouganim, Ami
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Main Topic: Education
Former Soviet Union: Jewish Education
Author(s): Markus, Olga; Farbman, Michael
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Main Topic: Education
Europe: Something from (Almost) Nothing – The Challenges of Education in European Communities
Author(s): Israel, Steve
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Jewish Revival, Main Topic: Education
Europe: Education of Adult Jewish Leaders in a Pan-European Perspective
Author(s): Spectre, Barbara Lerner
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Education: Adult Education, Main Topic: Education
Anglo-Jewish Education: Day Schools, State Funding and Religious Education in State Schools
Author(s): Mendelsson, Dan
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Jewish Schools, Jewish Children In Mainstream Schools, Religious Education, Main Topic: Education
Community Engagement: the Challenge of Connecting Schools to the Wider Community
Author(s): Miller, Helena
Editor(s): Grant, Lisa D.; Miller, Helena; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Education, Jewish Schools, Jewish Community, Main Topic: Education
Limmud: A Unique Model of Transformative Jewish Learning
Author(s): Simonson, Raymond
Editor(s): Miller, Helena; Grant, Lisa D.; Pomson, Alex
Date: 2011
Topics: Limmud, Jewish Education, Informal Education, Education: Adult Education, Main Topic: Education
Abstract: Limmud was initially established in 1980 as a small conference for Jewish educators. The organisation is now a world-leader in cross-communal, multi-generational, volunteer-led Jewish learning experiences. This chapter will examine what has become regarded as one of the most vibrant, dynamic and successful examples of alternative educational projects in the Jewish world: Limmud. It will explore the key factors that explain how this unique model has become a powerful vehicle for working towards the above-stated general aims of Jewish education, and why it has been referred to in British Jewry as the jewel in the community’s crown, as well as a focus of emulation throughout the Jewish world.