Abstract: CST recorded 1,521 antisemitic incidents across the UK in the first half of 2025, the second-highest total ever reported to CST in the first six months of any year. This is a decrease of 25% from the 2,019 antisemitic incidents recorded by CST in the January- to-June period of 2024, which was the highest figure ever reported to CST for the first half of any year. CST recorded 965 incidents in the first six months of 2023, 823 from January to June 2022, and 1,371 in the first half of 2021.
The 1,521 anti-Jewish hate incidents recorded in the first six months of 2025 is a fall from the half-year record reported in 2024, but it is a significant total, fuelled by ongoing reactions to the conflict in the Middle East. It is 11% higher than the third- highest six-monthly figure of 1,371 incidents recorded in 2021, which itself was a result of antisemitic reactions to an escalation of conflict in the Middle East across May and June that year. Antisemitic incidents have been reported to CST at an increased rate since the Hamas terror attack in Israel on 7 October 2023. After an immediate and notable spike in anti-Jewish hate immediately following that date, observed before Israel had coordinated any large- scale on-the-ground military response in Gaza, incident levels eventually settled at a substantially higher average than prior to the attack.
In the six months leading up to 7 October 2023, CST recorded a monthly average of 161 antisemitic incidents per month. In the first six months of 2025, this monthly average stood at 254 incidents, a 58% increase from that earlier period. CST had only ever recorded monthly incident totals exceeding 200 on five occasions prior to October 2023, each correlating with past periods when Israel was at war.Since the 7 October attack, the only month in which CST logged an incident figure below 200 was December 2024. The current war in the Middle East has lasted the entirety of the period covered in this report and has continued to impact the volume and discourse of antisemitism reported to CST in the first six months of this year, as it has every month since October 2023.
Abstract: This autoethnographic study explores manifestations of antisemitism on a European university campus, focusing on personal experiences as an Israeli Jewish student at the University of Coimbra. Drawing from firsthand observations, documented incidents, and interactions with protesters, administrative officials, and peers, the research highlights how hate-laden stickers, verbal threats, and institutional inaction shape a hostile academic climate. By weaving together personal narrative and scholarly frameworks on hate speech, higher education policies, and antisemitism, the study reveals a troubling dissonance between the university’s stated commitment to inclusivity and its inadequate responses to overt acts of discrimination. Through detailed descriptions of unfolding events—from the initial appearance of incendiary slogans to meetings with administrators—the analysis illuminates how deeply entrenched biases can circumvent legal and procedural safeguards. In reflecting on emotional responses and the complexities of positionality, the autoethnographic lens underscores the human impact of hostile environments and the gaps in institutional support. The findings urge higher education stakeholders to reevaluate their protocols for handling hate speech and discrimination, calling for comprehensive measures that protect vulnerable groups and encourage critical engagement with contentious geopolitical issues. This work ultimately argues that acknowledging and actively combating antisemitism in academic settings is crucial for fostering genuine inclusivity and upholding the values of open, respectful scholarship.
Abstract: The existing and rising anti-Semitism is a risk factor for the mental health of Jewish people worldwide. This study examines possible associations between anti-Semitism and mental health in offspring/children (OHS) and grandchildren (GHS) of Holocaust survivors through cross-country comparisons. A total of n = 248 OHS and n = 240 GHS from Israel, Germany, and the US completed a cross-sectional online survey on experiences of anti-Semitism, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, offered in English, German, and Hebrew. Psychological distress was significantly higher among participants from Germany vs. Israel and the US. Significant differences in experiences of anti-Semitism were found between the generations, with higher rates in GHS. Experiences of anti-Semitism were found to be associated with a higher risk for psychological distress and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study emphasises the severe psychological stress being associated with experiences of anti-Semitism among OHS and GHS across different countries of origin. Given the rise in anti-Semitism since October 7, 2023 onwards, the findings are a warning and a clear impetus for political authorities as well as civil society to strengthen efforts for better healthcare and protecting Jewish life worldwide.
Abstract: Since long before the October 7 attacks, Jewish communities in Europe have experienced growing hate, harassment and hostility on social media. This policy paper articulates the key challenges of online antisemitism, and provides comprehensive and practical policy steps which governments, platforms, regulators and civil society organisations can take to address them. Built through 42 interviews with Jewish organisations and experts in antisemitism and digital policy from across CCOA’s five geographies (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden), it collates local experiences and channels them into a cohesive pan-European strategy, uniting communities and sectors in joint responses.
Interviewees identified five central challenges with online antisemitism:
Jewish communities and organisations across the five geographies report the significant behavioural, social and psychological impacts of online antisemitism, which have created a chilling effect on participation in public life.
Concerns exist not just over fringe violent extremist content, but the prevailing normalisation of mainstream antisemitism and a permissive culture which facilitates its spread across all areas of society.
There are a wide range of social media platforms in the social media ecosystem each adopting distinctive approaches and standards to content moderation, however the widespread accessibility of antisemitism suggest that significant barriers remain to the effective implementation of Terms of Service, and that many platforms are failing in this regard.
There is limited awareness and understanding of the Digital Services Act (DSA) in Jewish civil society, little capacity to implement it, and a lack of confidence in its efficacy in addressing antisemitism.
Law enforcement has lacked both the capacity and legislative tools to effectively respond to the scale of illegal activity on social media.
Mainstreaming Digital Human Rights
This policy paper presents policy recommendations for Governments, Tech Platforms, Digital Regulators, and Civil Society. These approaches constitute a collective pathway, but may be diversely applicable across different geographies, communities and jurisdictions.
Topics: Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Denominations, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish History, Reform/Liberal/Progressive Judaism, Conservative / Masorti Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, Chabad-Lubavitch, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Israel-Diaspora Relations
Abstract: This chapter analyzes developments that profoundly transformed French Judaism over decades. The former paradigm of French Judaism, dating back to the nineteenth century, was of Judaism united and unified under the auspices of the Consistory, the central religious institution Napoleon created. In this model of "Israelitism," the symbiosis between Jewish and French affiliations was based on Judaism as a faith and French citizenship. International links were established towards the end of the 19th century, notably through the Alliance israélite universelle and intellectuals supporting the Zionist project, but it was the post-1945 world that witnessed a gradual departure from this confessional model. A new Franco-Judaism emerged in the 1970s-1980s, combining Jewish and French identities in new ways: solidarity with Israel, an attachment to diasporic Jewish cultures, an increasingly public affirmation of Jewishness, and advocacy against forms of Holocaust denial. It marked a definitive rupture with the older paradigm of Israelitism. This chapter also focuses on the development of religious pluralism and the increasing internationalization of French Judaism. It examines the four branches of French Jewish Orthodoxy (ultra-Orthodoxy, Chabad, Religious Zionism, and Modern Orthodoxy), as well as the more liberal Reform and Massorti movements. It provides a broad overview of the environments and actors constituting this reconfiguration of a new French Judaism, henceforth anchored in pluralism and internationalization.
Abstract: Die Fachstelle Antisemitismus Brandenburg (fab) – in Trägerschaft der Kreuzberger Initiative gegen Antisemitismus (KIgA) e. V. – blickt mittlerweile auf drei Jahre erfolgreicher Arbeit zurück und legt mit dieser Publikation ihren dritten Monitoringbericht antisemitischer Vorfälle im Land Brandenburg vor. Seit ihrer Gründung widmet sich die Fachstelle verschie denen Aufgaben- und Tätigkeitsfeldern, ins besondere der systematischen Erfassung und Auswertung antisemitischer Vorfälle. Sie bietet Betroffenen im Bedarfsfall eine erste Beratung an und verweist für weiterführende Unterstützung auf den in Potsdam ansässigen Verein Opferperspektive sowie auf communitiebasierte Beratungsstellen der jüdischen Gemeinden. Ein weiterer zentraler Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Sichtbarmachung und Stärkung jüdischen Lebens in Brandenburg – in seiner historischen wie gegenwärtigen Dimension. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den spezifischen Herausforderungen und Problemlagen, mit denen Brandenburger Juden und Jüd:innen konfrontiert sind. In diesem Kontext hat die Fachstelle in den Jahren 2022, 2023 und 2024 die landesweite Themenwoche Jüdisches Kaleidoskop Brandenburg durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus bietet die Fachstelle verschiedene Fort- und Weiterbildungen an, entwickelt eigene Angebote für Multiplikator:innen und Institutionen, ist vernetzend tätig und setzt sich für den Ausbau des interkulturellen sowie interreligiösen Dialogs ein. Der fachliche Austausch mit den Kolleg:innen im Beratungsnetzwerk der Koordinierungsstelle Tolerantes Brandenburg ist dabei fester Bestandteil der Arbeit. Als zentrale Anlaufstelle für Betroffene und Zeug:innen antisemitischer Vorfälle bietet die Fachstelle verschiedene niedrigschwellige Möglichkeiten zur Meldung: über das Online-Formular auf der Homepage www.kiga-brandenburg.org/vorfall-melden, per E-Mail, telefonisch oder im persönlichen Gespräch mit den Mitarbeiter:innen. Die Fachstelle arbeitet eng mit den entsprechenden staatlichen Einrichtungen, zivilgesellschaftlichen Trägern und der Beauftragten gegen Antisemitismus des Landesverbandes der jüdischen Gemeinden Land Brandenburg, Diana Sandler, sowie dem Beauftragten zur Bekämpfung des Antisemitismus im Land Brandenburg, Andreas Büttner, zusammen. So wird gewährleistet, dass möglichst viele Fälle Eingang in die Statistik finden und die Sicht der Betroffenen einbezogen wird.
Abstract: Face à la multiplication des actes antisémites depuis quelques années et leur déferlement après le 7 octobre, l'inquiétude des Français juifs grandit : ont-ils encore un avenir dans leur pays ?
7 octobre 2023. Israël est frappé par l'attaque terroriste la plus meurtrière de son histoire. Quelques semaines plus tard, la France bascule : + 1 000 % d'actes antisémites.
Pendant plus d'un an, Dov Maïmon et Didier Long ont mené une enquête inédite, sillonnant la France, questionnant ministres, policiers, juges antiterroristes, politologues, citoyens et hommes de foi de toutes confessions. Entre autres.
Ils ont aussi eu accès à des données jamais révélées à ce jour, issues de rapports confidentiels des services secrets français et israéliens.
En s'appuyant sur ces sources, les auteurs analysent les menaces qui pèsent sur les Français juifs aujourd'hui.
Dans un contexte social délétère, la montée de l'islamisme laisse présager un basculement vers un régime autoritaire ou une guerre civile.
Une question se pose alors : les Juifs de France doivent-ils partir avant qu'il ne soit trop tard ?
Abstract: La memoria del Holocausto y los crímeLa memoria del Holocausto y los crímenes del nazismo comienza a tomar forma como fenómeno cultural en España desde, al menos, finales de la década de los setenta y se articula como objeto político a comienzos del presente siglo. Desde el año 2000 han proliferado una serie de políticas memoriales, fundamentalmente educativas y conmemorativas, del genocidio de los judíos europeos en España, así como políticas públicas de memoria e iniciativas del movimiento memorialista en recuerdo de los republicanos españoles deportados. Esta consolidación del recuerdo de dos eventos históricos, distinguibles analíticamente – el Holocausto de los judíos europeos y el encarcelamiento en campos de concentración nazi del exilio republicano español – pero solapados en el tiempo pasado y amalgamados en muchas de las expresiones memoriales del presente, como fuente de políticas públicas de memoria, recurso en conflictos por la interpretación común del pasado, y fundamento de producción de identidades nacionales, étnicas, ideológicas y activistas es el sustrato material que ha motivado la realización de la presente tesis...
Abstract: Las siguientes reflexiones afrontan, en clave victimológica, el conflicto palestino-israelí, y más concretamente la actual Guerra de Gaza. El desencadenante de la operación militar israelí contra la población palestina fueron los salvajes atentados cometidos en Israel por la organización terrorista Hamás el 7 de octubre de 2023, con imágenes dantescas que dieron la vuelta al mundo. Sin embargo, en el concreto caso de España, dicho ataque y su rotunda condena fueron silenciados por las instituciones universitarias, no mostrando empatía alguna con la población israelí y judía. Todo lo contrario, sucedió con la operación militar en Gaza por parte del ejército hebreo, la cual dio lugar no solo a concentraciones de protesta en favor del pueblo palestino, sino también a todo tipo de proclamas, amenazas e insultos contra Israel. La actual situación ha conducido a que la población judía residente en Occidente se haya vuelto prácticamente invisible, habiéndose reducido al mínimo la vida judía en Europa por miedo a ataques y atentados contra un colectivo, sin tener en cuenta que un importante sector del mismo condena sin paliativos la Guerra de Gaza y sus repercusiones sobre la población palestina.
Abstract: Communicative misunderstandings, cultural misinterpretations, and tribal hatreds are not phenomena that emerge and develop only in the digital world. Within platforms, conflicts explode and circulate mainly in crisis situations, but the relationship (constructive or destructive) with the similar and the different, as well as the narration of the symbolic meanings of specific cultural events, originate first and foremost in interpersonal relationships, institutional political contexts, and the representations (and consumption) of traditional media, such as the television space. Italian television is still one of the reference means of communication for the majority of the population, a figure that has been recorded especially during the recent pandemic emergency despite the significant collapse in advertising investments. Hatred, especially anti-Semitic hatred, is increasingly present in the information ecology, linked to nationalist narratives or aimed at restoring traditional values and fuelling an already highly polarised political debate in a now “dense” public sphere. In particular, during the health crisis, television journalists found it very difficult to report in depth on cases of discrimination or COVID-19.
Abstract: La presenza della memoria della Shoah nel discorso pubblico italiano si è profondamente modificata negli ultimi decenni, innanzitutto a partire da uno sviluppo storiografico iniziato nel 1988, cinquantesimo anniversario delle leggi razziali del fascismo. Più tardi, nel 2001, è stato introdotto per legge il Giorno della memoria (27 gennaio), data che ha prodotto un riconoscimento ufficiale nel calendario civile italiano degli eventi della Shoah, ma anche una ritualizzazione e sovrapproduzione del ricordo. Paradossalmente, inoltre, la legge italiana istitutiva del 27 gennaio non contiene la parola “fascismo”. È in seguito prevalsa nel discorso pubblico la commemorazione costante dei “Giusti”, cioè dei salvatori degli ebrei, a discapito del ricordo degli italiani che arrestarono gli ebrei nel 1943-1945, collaborando con i tedeschi alla loro deportazione. La più recente fase della “postmemoria” lascia intravedere un possibile superamento della monumentalizzazione, ad esempio attraverso la posa delle “pietre di inciampo” nelle città italiane ed europee, che ricordano le singole vittime nei luoghi del loro arresto. Fioriscono inoltre narrazioni, che intrecciano storia e letteratura, prodotte da una terza generazione anche non ebraica. Ma la memoria degli eventi della Shoah, per essere “autentica”, deve continuare a nutrirsi sia di racconto che di storia.
Abstract: L’adjectif « résiduel » a été récemment utilisé par le ministre de l’Intérieur Bruno Retailleau pour qualifier l’antisémitisme d’extrême droite, en considérant que désormais la haine des Juifs était l’affaire de l’islamisme et de l’extrême gauche. Il reprenait ainsi le qualificatif de Jean-Luc Mélenchon, qui avait écrit quelques mois auparavant que « Contrairement à ce que dit la propagande de l’officialité, l’antisémitisme reste résiduel en France. » Durant les campagnes électorales de 2024 en France, le Rassemblement national (RN) s’est présenté comme le bouclier des Français juifs. L’actualité paraît ainsi renfoncer le storytelling entretenu depuis une quinzaine d’années, selon lequel l’extrême droite ne serait plus antisémite, voire deviendrait solidaire des Français juifs. Autour de ce sujet sont souvent mis en avant des déclarations philosémites de ténors nationaux-populistes. D’autre part, les révélations publiques de prétendus « dérapages » antisémites de candidats malheureux du RN sont monnaie courante. Pour circonscrire le phénomène, il faut distinguer les modes d’expression de cet antisémitisme. Les questions des violences, de la place accordée aux marqueurs antisémites dans la communication des partis, et de l’expression culturelle sont trois dimensions qui se recoupent pour distinguer la place de l’objet au sein de ce champ politique.
Abstract: Die Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Israel sind einzigartig. Geprägt von der Erinnerung an die Shoah und getragen von dem Anspruch, daraus praktische Konsequenzen für heute zu ziehen, gelten sie als „besonders“. Doch was bedeutet diese Besonderheit im Jahr 2025? Haben der Terrorangriff der Hamas auf Israel am 7. Oktober 2023 und der nachfolgende Krieg Israels gegen die Hamas im Gazastreifen Spuren im bilateralen Verhältnis hinterlassen? Wie blicken Deutsche und Israelis heute aufeinander, welche Erwartungen und Bilder prägen das gegenseitige Verhältnis, und welche Verantwortung resultiert daraus in einer Zeit wachsender geopolitischer Spannungen und gesellschaftlicher Polarisierung? Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Fragen gibt die vorliegende Kompaktauswertung einen ersten Einblick in die Ergebnisse unserer aktuellen Studie zur gegenseitigen Wahrnehmung von Israelis und Deutschen. Auf Basis einer repräsentativen Doppelbefragung in beiden Ländern gibt sie Aufschluss über das politische Selbstverständnis in beiden Gesellschaften, die Rolle der Geschichte für die Gegenwart, die Erwartungen an die deutsche Nahostpolitik sowie die Wahrnehmung von Antisemitismus und internationaler Verantwortung. Die Ergebnisse zeichnen ein ambivalentes Bild, geprägt von Nähe und Distanz, Zustimmung und Kritik, Hoffnung und Skepsis. In dieser Auswertung legen wir einen besonderen Fokus auf die Erhebung in Deutschland und ziehen die israelischen Befunde vergleichend heran. Eine umfangreiche Darstellung aller Ergebnisse ist in Vorbereitung. Mit dieser Studie setzt die Bertelsmann Stiftung ihre langjährige Reihe empirischer Analysen zur Entwicklung der deutsch-israelischen Beziehungen fort. Die Studie erscheint in einem Jahr, in dem sich die Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen zwischen beiden Staaten zum sechzigsten Mal jährt. Ein Anlass, nicht nur auf das Erreichte zurückzublicken, sondern auch für eine kritische Selbstbefragung: Wie können wir, Deutsche und Israelis, unsere Beziehung in Zukunft verantwortungsvoll gestalten?
Abstract: The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a research survey, the aim of which was to find out the opinions of teachers who were professionally working at the first level of primary schools at the time of the quantitative research survey. A total of 319 primary school first cycle teacher education students, 300 females and 19 males, participated in the study at different stage I of their studies. A certain limit to the inclusion of these events in teaching at all levels of institutional education, from our point of view, is the concern of educators about the reaction of the pupils’ legal representatives. We are convinced that, with appropriately chosen methods and forms of teaching, the Shoah can be implemented in the teaching of the first level of primary schools through methods that lead to the de-abstraction of this phenomenon. In most cases in favor of integrating the Shoah phenomenon into teaching at the first level of primary schools, especially through authentic artistic creations of children.
IMPACT STATEMENT
The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a research investigation conducted among 319 students of teaching for the first stage of primary schools. The evaluation of the questionnaires shows that most issues are included in the eighth grade of primary school, in the subject of History, which is predestined by its content to integrate events anchored in history. The subjects of Civic Education and Czech Language and Literature also scored significantly. Positive responses were received, while Education in European and Global Contexts, Education for Democratic Citizenship and Multicultural Education were among the cross-cutting themes.
Abstract: Holocaust heritage across Europe is held to high standards of conservation, management, interpretation, and use, due to the belief that all such sites should be retained as or turned into places of memorialization as their primary function. This paper proposes that a pragmatic approach instead be taken towards Holocaust heritage in the twenty-first century and beyond. In acknowledgement that heritage practitioners today are not safeguarding this as a “found” heritage resource in 1945, but in the present day, it is argued that it is inevitable and perhaps unavoidable to make pragmatic decisions which take into account changes to such sites over the last 80 years. Site managers and other stakeholders are not in a position to make decisions based on a clean slate, devoid of post-war events and uses. Drawing on case studies from Serbia and Czechia, and adopting a three-pronged model of “heritage pragmatics,” this paper argues that our choices today should reflect and acknowledge past uses and aim towards more pragmatic solutions, letting go of idealistic aspirations more suitable for sites without a long history of reuse.
Abstract: The Holocaust is the Philoktetes wound tormenting every European country occupied by Hitler’s armies between 1939 and 1945. Paradoxically, it may be the Germans who feel this pain the least, as they have nowhere left to escape the curse of their role as perpetrators. This article presents the results of research on the memory of the events in Hungary, the last theatre of Hitler’s European campaign against the Jews. The researchers returned to the sites of the drama that unfolded in the summer of 1944, searching for traces of the vanished Jewish life in both the physical and social-psychological spaces, where the void created by the destruction of the Jews is filled with fear, distrust, confusion, silence, and cognitive dissonance. Based on the research findings, it can be stated that 80 years after the Holocaust, in Hungarian villages, small towns, and Budapest, both within and outside the current national borders, today, in Macbeth’s words, “nothing is, but what is not”.
Abstract: In the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attacks, reports of anti-Israel expressions at German universities have raised questions about the prevalence and nature of such sentiments in academic environments. Traditional survey-based research on antisemitism and anti-Israel sentiment is often limited by response biases and social desirability bias. This study introduces a novel field-experimental approach to measuring anti-Israel sentiment in a real-world university setting. Using event history analysis, it examines the removal probability of stickers of the Israeli flag compared to German, US, Palestinian, and rainbow flags at a German university. Over a 24-week period, 600 stickers were placed on 50 public notice boards and were monitored for 14-day cycles. The results provide strong evidence of anti-Israel sentiment. The Israeli flag had the highest removal rate, with only 47.5% of the flags remaining at the end of the observation period—significantly lower than the survival rates of the other flags (which range from 68% to 80%). Cox regression analysis confirms that Israeli flags faced the highest removal hazard, being 3.3 to 3.7-times more likely to be removed than the rainbow flag and nearly twice as likely as the German flag. Politically motivated removals, though less frequent, disproportionately targeted Israeli flags as well. Removal rates were highest in hallways of the humanities, shared humanities/social sciences as well as in central facilities hallways. Hallways in the natural sciences, the human- and social sciences and economics had lower removal rates. Areas with higher student traffic exhibited fewer removals. Overall, the findings indicate a pronounced anti-Israel bias on campus, distinct from attitudes toward other nationalities or symbols.
Abstract: This study examines the extent of antisemitic bias in German higher education through a survey experiment conducted among students (N=1,416) at an average-sized German university in the fall of 2024/2025. Using a between-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to evaluate English academic writing courses taught by fictitious instructors whose profiles varied by gender and ethnic/religious background—categorized as German, Israeli, and Jewish. Instructors were rated on sympathy and competence using a 7-point scale. While no significant differences emerged for competence ratings, results reveal notable bias in sympathy ratings: instructors identified as Jewish, particularly male Jewish instructors, received significantly lower ratings compared to their German counterparts. Instructors from Israel without a visible Jewish symbol were not rated significantly differently. There was also a gender bias, as female instructors with a German profile were rated less favorably than male instructors. Interestingly, the anti-Jewish bias was predominantly driven by female student raters, whereas male students primarily exhibited gender bias without significant antisemitic tendencies. These findings suggest that antisemitic motives, rather than anti-Israel sentiment, underlie the negative evaluations observed in this academic setting, and highlight the complex interplay between ethnic/religious prejudice and gender bias.
Abstract: Reports have indicated an increase in anti-Jewish hostility and antisemitic incidents following the Hamas terrorist attack in Israel on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent war in Gaza. In two studies (NStudy1 = 354 and NStudy2 = 490), we experimentally investigated the impact of priming with material referring to the war in Gaza on hostility toward Jews, and on antisemitism as well as other various ethnic groups (to determine whether this exposure specifically affected attitudes toward Jews or had a broader impact on ethnic attitudes in general). We also examined the indirect relationship between political orientation and anti-Jewish hostility and antisemitism, through sociopolitical factors such as global identification, out-group identity fusion, social dominance orientation, and misanthropy. Our results showed an experimental effect of increased negative attitudes toward Jews, as well as toward Britons and Scandinavians, but did not reveal an increase in antisemitism. This effect was not replicated in Study 2, possibly due to reduced media attention. The indirect effects suggested that political orientation (left vs. right-wing) was positively associated with anti-Jewish hostility and antisemitism through social dominance orientation. In contrast, conservative political orientation was negatively associated with antisemitism through out-group identity fusion with the Palestinian people. Our findings imply two distinct political pathways to antisemitism: one linked with classical political right-wing orientation and the other to a complex identity-based conflation of attitudes toward Israel with prejudice toward the Jewish ethnic group.
Abstract: Hatred of Jews noticed a dramatic rise after the events of October 7, 2023. Since Holocaust education was presented for years as the answer to the hatred of Jews, the question almost automatically occurs: Has Holocaust education failed? Does it need to be revised or totally reorganized? How do things differently in the future? How can Holocaust education contribute to combating hatred of Jews? The German Holocaust education expert and historian, Dr. Melanie Carina Schmoll, PhD, provides answers to these questions. This book teaches academics and practitioners why and what to expect when teaching about the Holocaust. Content, outcome of Holocaust education, gaps in knowledge and the reasons for are examined. In comprehensible explanations, Dr. Schmoll shows the potential failures in Holocaust education and why the teaching of history still matters. Hatred of Jews-A Failure of Holocaust Education? bridges the gap between academic research and practical support for educators, teachers, and textbook publishers. A step-by-step guide helps on how to improve it in the future.
