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Израильтяне в постсоветских странах: «профессионалы», «маргиналы» и другие
Translated Title: Israelis in Post-Soviet Countries: “Professionals,” “Marginals,” and Others
Author(s): Ханин, ВладиМир (Зеэв)
Date: 2022
Topics: Demography, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Work
Abstract: В последние 20–25 лет список стран, которые стали адресом эмиграции израильтян, пополнили и страны бывшего СССР, где по разным оценкам проживает от 45 до 70 тысяч таких лиц. Причем более 90 % из них составляют уроженцы постсоветского пространства, включающие, в свою очередь, как тех, кто переселился в Россию и другие страны бывшего СССР (либо живут на две или более стран), имея достаточно значимый опыт жизни в Израиле, так и так называемых «дарконников» — тех, которые взяли израильский заграничный паспорт (даркон), никогда реально в Израиле не живя. Анализируя данные официальной статистики и результаты опросов этих групп, проведенных с участием автора в 2009–2019/20 годах, представляется возможным констатировать, что ядром первой группы являются лица, мотивированные надеждами полнее реализовать свои профессиональные и деловые возможности в столичных и иных крупных индустриальных и культурных центрах бывшего СССР. К тому же профессионально-поведенческому типу принадлежит и основная масса «дарконников», главная причина чьей «отложенной» реальной репатриации связана с опасением потери наработанного профессионального статуса и привычного уровня жизни. Представители групп, которые перебрались или вернулись в регион первого исхода, мотивированные иными причинами, занимают в структуре разнородного сообщества «израильтян в бывшем СССР» в целом маргинальное положение. Как следствие, существенное ухудшение экономической ситуации и деловой конъюнктуры могут заставить израильтян, живущих в СНГ, вновь перебраться в Израиль — что сегодня частично и происходит.
Jüdische Gegenwart in Deutschland: Die Migration russischsprachiger Juden seit 1989
Translated Title: Jewish presence in Germany: The migration of Russian-speaking Jews since 1989
Author(s): Körber, Karen
Date: 2016
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Post-1989
Abstract: In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten kam eine Viertelmillion russischsprachiger Juden nach Deutschland. Die neue Generation brachte ein anderes Selbstverständnis mit – aber nicht nur die jüdische Gemeinschaft ist eine andere geworden, sondern auch das Aufnahmeland Deutschland. Karen Körber über die Widersprüche und den schwierigen Wandel einer "Erinnerungsgemeinschaft" hin zu einer modernen Einwanderungsgesellschaft.
Conflicting Memories, Conflicting Identities: Russian Jewish Immigration and the Image of a New German Jewry
Author(s): Körber, Karen
Editor(s): Wilhelm, Cornelia
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Memory, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Lebenswirklichkeiten. Russischsprachige Juden in der deutschen Einwanderungsgesellschaft
Author(s): Körber, Karen; Gotzmann, Andreas
Date: 2021
Topics: Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Post-1989, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Immigration, Integration
Abstract: Diese Publikation von Karen Körber befasst sich mit der jüdischen Geschichte und Gegenwart in Deutschland seit 1989. Im Mittelpunkt steht eine quantitativ und qualitativ geführte Studie, in der junge russisch­sprachige Jüdinnen und Juden sich über ihr Verhältnis zu Deutschland und Israel, sowie über familiär geprägte Erinnerungs­kulturen äußern. Außerdem geht es um ihre Erfahrungen als „Russen“ und Juden in der deutschen Einwanderungs­gesellschaft, soziale Aufstiege und Diskriminierungen.

Zur Sprache kommt auch ihr Verständnis vom Judentum, von mehrheitlich säkular geprägten Lebens­entwürfen, aber auch von religiöser Suche, sowie alten und neuen Formen jüdischer Vergemein­schaftung. Zeugen diese Schilderungen von einem Wandel jüdischen Lebens in Deutschland, so zeigt Andreas Gotzmann durch einen historisch vergleichenden Blick in die besonderen Bedingtheiten der jüdischen Nachkriegs­gemeinschaft in Deutschland, dass alteinge­sessene und neu zugewanderte Jüdinnen und Juden möglicher­weise mehr miteinander teilen, als sie bislang angenommen haben.
From Russia to Israel – And Back? Contemporary Transnational Russian Israeli Diaspora
Author(s): Khanin, Vladimir Zeev
Date: 2021
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Diaspora, Israeli Expatriates, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: Of about a million Jews that arrived to Israel from the (former) USSR after 1989 some 12% left the country by the end of 2017. It is estimated that about a half of them left "back" for the FSU, and the rest for the USA, Canada and the Western Europe. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of this specific Jewish Israeli Diaspora group through cutting-edge approaches in the social sciences, and examines the settlement patterns of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrants, their identity, social demographic profile, reasons of emigration, their economic achievements, identification, and status vis-à-vis host Jewish and non-Jewish environment, vision of Israel, migration interests and behavior, as well as their social and community networks, elites and institutions. Vladimir Ze’ev Khanin makes a significant contribution to migration theory, academic understanding of transnational Diasporas, and sheds a new light on the identity and structure of contemporary Israeli society. The book is based on the unique statistics from Israeli and other Government sources and sociological information obtained from the author’s first of this kind on-going study of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrant communities in different regions of the world.
Jewish emigration from the USSR in the 1990s
Author(s): Benifand, Alexander
Date: 1991
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Soviet Jewry, Emigration
Soviet‐jewish emigration and resettlement in the 1990s an overview
Author(s): Basok, Tanya; Brym, Robert J.
Date: 1991
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Soviet Jewry, Emigration
Recent Demographic and Migratory Trends Among Soviet Jews: Implications for Policy
Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Date: 1992
Topics: Demography, Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration
Abstract: A prominent authority on the Jewish population of the former USSR focuses on demographic trends and migration behavior (both within the former USSR and abroad), while also addressing the effect of Soviet state policy toward the Jewish population. Among the factors whose effects on population dynamics are examined, emphasis is placed on the Jewish population's concentration in large urban areas, the effects of emigration on age structure of the remaining population, self-identification as a method in census enumeration, ethnic intermarriage and family characteristics, and the outlook and prospects for emigres in Israel and the United States.
Current Developments in the Jewish Community in the USSR
Author(s): Altschuler, Mordechai
Date: 1993
Topics: Soviet Jewry, Main Topic: Other, Russian Emigration, Jewish Community
Abstract: Professor Altschuler launched his discussion of the volatile status of Jews living in the USSR by challenging the popular understanding of ‘Soviet Jewry.’ Fundamental questions arise: how many Soviet Jews are there? What are the various types of Jewish communities within the Soviet Union, and how do they differ one from another? What are the distinguishing cultural activities of Soviet Jews? and what is the status of their emigration from the USSR?
Native Land, Promised Land, Golden Land: Jewish Emigration from Russia and Ukraine
Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Date: 1998
Topics: Emigration, Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration
Jews in Contemporary Russia: Assimilation and Dissimilation
Author(s): Levinson, Alexey
Date: 2020
Topics: Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Assimilation, Russian Emigration
Abstract: Throughout its centuries-long history in Russia, the Jewish minority knew oppression, pogroms and genocide, as well as inclusion and tolerance demonstrated by the Russian majority. The Jewry responded with escape (Palestine/Israel, the U.S. or elsewhere) or assimilation in the course of which those who remained in the Soviet Union abandoned their faith, language, traditions and ways of life. They tried hard to look and behave like standard Soviet Russians with a slight tint of "Jewishness," which helped them be very successful in chosen professions, science and art. During the last 20 years, those of the Jews (their number is small) who decided to stay have been enjoying unprecedented tolerance demonstrated by the authorities and common Russians. In this atmosphere, the dissimilation trends (back to Judaism and tradition) have flourished alongside with continued assimilation and emigration.
«Из-за куска импортной колбасы, поношенных вещей и жевательной резинки»: материальный мир в полемике о еврейской эмиграции
Translated Title: “For the Piece of Foreign-Made Sausage, Second-Hand Clothes and Chewing Gum”: the Material World in the Polemics on Jewish Emigration
Author(s): Зеленина, Галина
Editor(s): Белова, O. B.
Date: 2019
Topics: Oral History and Biography, Main Topic: Other, Soviet Jewry, Memory, Russian Emigration, Artefacts and Material Culture
Abstract: Отталкиваясь от распространенных в антисионистской кампании обвинений евреев-эмигрантов и отказников в меркантильности и потребительстве, статья рассматривает вещественный мир и его осмысление в советском и еврейском нарративах эмиграции, сосредотачиваясь на трех ситуациях: иммиграция вещей, эмиграция вещей и вещь как альтернатива эмиграции. Отмечая предубеждение против материального как традиционную установку мемуаристов, причисляющих себя к интеллигенции, автор тем не менее обнаруживает несколько категорий вещей, регулярно упоминаемых в разнообразных рассказах о своей и чужой эмиграции, и исследует то, как эти вещи проблематизируются и социализируются, превращаясь из
машинально используемых предметов в «социальные объекты», наделенные в антагонистичных нарративах различным, иногда противоположным, значением.
Die "Normalisierung" antisemitistischer Erfahrungen: Junge russisch-jüdische Migranten erinnern ihre Kindheit in der Sowjetunion
Translated Title: The "normalization" of anti-Semitic experiences: Young Russian-Jewish migrants remember their childhood in the Soviet Union
Author(s): Heider, Angelika; Rapoport, Tamar
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Jewish Perceptions of Antisemitism, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Youth, Interviews, Immigration
Zwischen Integration und Ausgrenzung: Jüdische Zuwanderer aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in Deutschland
Translated Title: Between integration and exclusion: Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany
Author(s): Weiss, Karin
Date: 2002
Topics: Immigration, Integration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration
Глобальная Демография Постсоветской Еврейской Диаспоры
Translated Title: The Global Demography of the Post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Тольц, Марк
Date: 2011
Topics: Demography, Immigration, Aliyah, Diaspora, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This article is a study of the population dynamics of the post-Soviet Jewish diaspora based on the various statistical sources collected from the many countries where these Jews live. It examines (post-) Soviet Jewish resettlement, and analyzes the annual volume of migration streams to the three main destinations - Israel, the USA and Germany. The findings clearly show the decisive role of the push factor in this migration movement. A very large differentiation in age structure of the migrants to their three main destinations was found which points to many sizable discrepancies in adaptation processes in these receiving countries, and different prospects for future development of these segments of the contemporary post-Soviet Jewish diaspora. Out-migration from Israel of FSU immigrants was studied based on official Israeli data and statistics of FSU countries. According to our findings based on recent data, emigration from Israel is largely dependent on the dynamics of the country's business cycle. Finally, an update for 2010 of the number of «core» Jews (by self-identification) originating from the FSU was presented by country, and the total number of people belonging to the post-Soviet Jewish diaspora worldwide and their distribution was estimated.
Российские Евреи В Системе Транснациональных Связей
Translated Title: Russian Jews in the System of Transnational Relations
Author(s): Носенко - Штейн, Е.Э.
Date: 2018
Topics: Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Other, Diaspora, Diaspora Relations, Aliyah, Integration, Immigration
Abstract: В статье рассматриваются некоторые понятия и термины, связанные с такими явлениями, как миграции, диаспора, постсоветские диаспоры, транснациональные сообщества. Опираясь на различные социологические исследования, автор доказывает, что современные российские евреи не являются классической диаспорой, а также так называемой «новой еврейской диаспорой». В настоящее время они представляют часть русскоязычного транснационального сообщества, базирующегося на системе различных связей. В то же время автор подчеркивает, что такое сообщество имеет временный характер, поскольку иммигранты во втором и третьем поколении все более полно интегрируются в принимающих обществах, в том числе в израильском.
Criss-Crossing Identities: The Russian Jewish Diaspora and the Jewish Diaspora in Russia
Author(s): Markowitz, Fran
Date: 1995
Topics: Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Diaspora, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Jews in Present-Day Russia
Author(s): Ryvkina, Rozalina V.
Date: 1998
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity
Abstract: The purpose of the present article is to provide an analysis of the problems of Russian Jewry. As one of Russia's many ethnic groups and, moreover, a dispersed group, Jews have their own specific problems in addition to the problems that are common to the country's population at large. This is evident, in particular, in the mass emigration of Jews from Russia once travel restrictions were lifted in the late eighties. The scale of Jewish emigration has been of such a magnitude that the likelihood that all Jews will leave Russia, their Exodus, has become a quite realistic possibility. This situation requires a scientific analysis. First it will be useful to determine how many Jews there are in Russia, and who may be considered a Jew.
Russian-Speaking Jewry Communal and Congregational Life Abroad: the Role of Language
Author(s): Ser, Gregory; Talalova, Larissa
Date: 2020
Topics: Jewish Continuity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Language
Abstract: The authors explore the Russian Jews diaspora which represents the viable mechanisms of real functioning in a host society. The article marks three criteria that help to be navigated among the options how the Russian Jewish immigration in the UK pans out in terms of: a) preserving the mother tongue, b) sticking to the home culture and c) whether the Russian Jews choose to adopt the host culture, whether they partly integrate into it or they fully assimilate.
"ТАМ, НА СНЕГАХ СЕВЕРА, КАПЛИ МОЕЙ КРОВИ". ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ И ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОРНИ ИЗРАИЛЬСКОЙ ДИАСПОРЫ В РОССИИ И СССР
Translated Title: Historical and Ideological Roots of the Israeli Diaspora in Russia and the USSR
Author(s): Чернин, Велвл (Владимир)
Date: 2013
Topics: Diaspora, Israeli Expatriates, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: Jewish emigration from Israel of the recent decades brought the creation of the communities of Israeli passport holders in the various countries of the world, including Russia and other post-Soviet states. Although this fact is commonly accepted as a totally new phenomenon, the returned migration of Russian and other Jews, who first immigrated to their historical Homeland - the Land of Israel/Palestine, and in a period of time came back to Russia has centuries-long history. In the 17th - 19th centuries this trend included Jerusalem and other Palestine Jewish communities' envoys, educators and fundraisers, who visited Russian and East European Jewish communities and sometimes stayed there for years, as well as Russian Jewish pilgrims to the Holy Land, who on returning were often respected as «representatives» of the Land of Israel and its Jewry. Some members of First, Second and Third Zionist Aliyot (waves of Jewish ideological repatriation) to the Land of Israel/Palestine of the late 19th and early 20th centuries created another substantial group of «Israeli Returnees» to Russia and the USSR. The article shows that typical patterns of immigrants from the Palestine to Russia and the early USSR are very close to, or even similar with «ideological re-immigrants», envoys, labor migrants, «economic refugees», and other relevant subgroups among current Israeli diaspora in Russia and the CIS.
ИЗРАИЛЬТЯНЕ, СЕФАРДЫ, "РУССКИЕ"? НОВЫЕ ИММИГРАНТСКИЕ ЕВРЕЙСКИЕ ОБЩИНЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ АВСТРИИ
Translated Title: Israelis, Sephards and "Russians": New Transnational Jewish Diasporas in Contemporary Austria
Author(s): Ханин, ВладиМир (Зеэв); Писаревская, Дина
Date: 2013
Topics: Diaspora, Bukharian Jews, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Sephardi Jews
Abstract: Austria shows another interesting example of the Israeli Diaspora community -«Israeli Sephardi Russians». This group consists of three to four thousand former Soviet Jews that stayed in Austria which was a transit point for Jewish emigration from the USSR to the West in 1970s, or returned there from Israel, as well as of those FSU Jews that joined them in the 1990s. The overwhelming majority of this group is composed of representatives of «oriental» Jewish communities of the (former) Soviet Union - mostly Bukhara, as well as Georgian and, to lesser extent, Caucasian (Mounting) Jews. A significant number or even majority of the Austrian Jewish immigrants with roots in the former USSR spent a certain period of their life in Israel, and thus are Israeli passport holders. As a result «Israeli Sephardi Russians» together with a few hundred «Israeli Ashkenazi Russians» and some two thousands of Israeli passport holders that were born either in Israel or in the Diaspora beyond the FSU, now compose one third to 40% of the Austrian Jewish population (the latter is estimated between 10-12,000, or 15-20,000; according to other sources, 95% of them in the Austrian capital of Vienna, although only 7,014 of them are officially registered as Jewish community members).
Wladimir Kaminer and Jewish identity in 'Multikulti' Germany
Author(s): Cronin, Joseph
Date: 2018
Topics: Immigration, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Multiculturalism
Abstract: Wladimir Kaminer has become something of a poster-boy for the 'Kontingentflüchtlinge [Quota Refugees]', the term applied to Jews from the former Soviet Union who immigrated to Germany between 1990 and 2006, as a result of a decision made first by the GDR and then adopted by the reunified Federal Republic. Kaminer writes little about his Jewishness in his work, but, in his first book, Russendisko (2000), he discusses the Jewish identity of Russian-speaking Jews living in Germany, viewed through the lens of Multikulti [multicultural] Berlin. Kaminer depicts them as just another of Germany's ethnic minority groups and, as such, nothing special. Given both Germany's past and the reasons offered by the German government for allowing these Jews to emigrate in the first place, Kaminer's opinion is undoubtedly controversial. This article investigates how and why Kaminer adopts this position. It examines the pre-migration experiences of Jews from the former Soviet Union, which include: antisemitism, attitudes towards religion and discourse about the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, as well as the experiences (more unique to Kaminer) of Berlin in the 1990s, the heyday of multicultural optimism. Although Kaminer is an unusual case study who deliberately subverts the reader's expectations of his identity politics, this article aims to show that his writings on Russian-speaking Jews, while highly subjective, have a wider application than might first appear.
Jews in Russia and Russians in Israel
Author(s): Fedorova, Marina
Editor(s): Biagioli, Mario; Lépinay, Vincent Antonin
Date: 2019
Topics: Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration
Who went where? Jewish immigration from the Former Soviet Union to Israel, the USA and Germany, 1990–2000
Author(s): Cohen, Yinon; Haberfeld, Yitchak; Kogan, Irena
Date: 2011
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Immigration
Abstract: Drawing on Israeli, German and US census data, we compare the educational levels of Jewish immigrants (and their non-Jewish family members) from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) arriving in Israel, Germany, and the US during 1990–2000. The comparison of educational levels among immigrants arriving in the three countries can be viewed as a ‘natural experiment’ in immigrants' destination options, whereby immigrants could choose two countries with practically no visa restriction (Israel and Germany) and one country (USA) with visa requirements. Drawing on Borjas' theory of self-selection, the paper discusses the relative attractiveness of the three countries to various types of immigrants, expecting highly educated immigrants to prefer destinations where returns on skills are higher. The findings support theoretical expectations: highly educated migrants were more likely to move to the US, where the labour market is more flexible and returns on skills are higher than in Israel or Germany.
Les remplaçants : migration juive de l'ex-Union soviétique en Allemagne, 1990-2010
Translated Title: The substitutes : Jewish migration from ex-USSR to Germany, 1990-2010
Author(s): Vapné, Lisa
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Interviews
Abstract: Cette thèse étudie la politique migratoire vis-à-vis d’un groupe ethnicisé accueilli en raison de son identité putative, tout comme analyse la relation à une identité assignée de ces migrants. Dans une première partie, la recherche porte sur la construction par l’Allemagne entre 1990 et 2010 d’une politique d’accueil destinée à des personnes identifiées comme juives par leurs papiers d’identité et résidant sur le territoire de l’ex-Union soviétique, dans le but de renforcer démographiquement la Communauté juive allemande : dans ce cadre, en vingt ans, plus de 200 000 personnes catégorisées comme « réfugiés du contingent » puis comme « migrants juifs » ont immigré en Allemagne. Nous y montrons qu’il est attendu de ces migrants qu’ils remplacent symboliquement les Juifs d’Allemagne émigrés avant 1933 ou exterminés sous le IIIe Reich. Mais, en raison de l’inadéquation entre les Juifs espérés et les migrants juifs postsoviétiques, déjudaisés et rencontrant des problèmes d’intégration professionnelle en Allemagne, l’accueil de ces migrants va progressivement se restreindre. À travers la mise en doute de l’authenticité de leurs papiers d’identité, la véracité de leur identité juive va être questionnée. Dans une seconde partie, s’appuyant sur des entretiens biographiques, ce travail analyse la mise en récit de l’identification comme Juif de ces migrants, avant l’immigration, pendant le processus migratoire et après l’immigration, interrogeant le passage d’une identification comme Juif stigmatisante à une identification valorisante puisque clef d’entrée pour l’immigration en Allemagne.
East European Jewish migration: inside and outside
Author(s): Dekel-Chen, Jonathan
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Emigration, Aliyah, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This introductory article provides an overview of modern Jewish migration from Eastern Europe. It engages the foundational historiography of the field and explores intersections of Jewish migration with general migration theory. In addition to framing the six articles in this special collection, this essay presents longue durée factors linking today's post-Soviet diaspora communities on three continents with social and political trends beginning in the late nineteenth century and during the interwar period and postwar periods.
The Russian-Jewish Transnational Social Space: An Overview
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Date: 2011
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Diaspora
Abstract: After the demise of state socialism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, over 1.6 million Jews and their non-Jewish family members from Russia, Ukraine, and other parts of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) emigrated to Israel, the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western countries. Large communities of former Soviets found themselves in the diverse national contexts of the receiving countries as either refugees or independent migrants.1 Soon after establishing an initial economic and social foothold, former Soviet immigrants started rebuilding their social networks, both within each new homeland and across national borders. These networks, spanning four continents, based on common language, culture, and historic legacies, mainly come to the fore as informal social spaces, although there are also some examples of successful civic associations representing common interests of Russian immigrants or Russian Jewry at large. This introduction examines the roots of Russian Jewish identity in the Former Soviet Union and presents an overview of some major trends in late twentieth century Russian Jewish migration to the West.
Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): DellaPergola, Sergio; Rebhun, Uzi
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Russian Emigration
Abstract: FSU Jewish numerical dynamics and emigration are presented. The demographic characteristics of the Jews today in different FSU countries and some parts of the Russian Federation are analyzed in comparison with those of Soviet Jewry at the onset of the mass emigration of the 1990s.
Immigrant Literature about the Fourth Wave of Russian Emigration: The Case of Germany
Author(s): Fialkova, Larisa
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Literature, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Immigration
Former Soviet Jews in Israel and in the West: Integration, Exclusion and Transnationalism
Translated Title: Бывшие советские иммигранты в Израиле и на Западе: интеграция, изоляция и транснационализм / יהודי ברה''מ לשעבר בישראל ובמערב: השתלבות, דחייה וטרנס-לאומיות
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Date: 2007
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Immigration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Diaspora, Globalisation, Integration
Abstract: Theoretical focus of the paper is the relationship between transnationalism and immigrant incorporation in the host country’s labor market and social system. It is shown that due to its timing and composition, Russian immigration of the 1990s was readily transnational at the outset, but the expression of diasporic interests and activities depends both on geographic location and modes of integration in the new homelands. Russian Jews in Israel and Germany display stronger diasporic tendencies than those who resettled in the USA and Canada. Across the New Diaspora, transnational activities among Russian Jews grow ‘from below’ (i.e. from individual initiative rather than institutional action) and are largely limited to the socio-cultural domain. The reliance on co-ethnic networks within and outside of the host country may be a mixed blessing, both empowering the weaker segments of the immigrants and thwarting their integration by creating an alternative social space.
The emigration intentions of Russian Jews: the role of socio-demographic variables, social networks, and satisfaction with life
Author(s): Tartakovsky, Eugene; Patrakov, Eduard; Nikulina, Marina
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Emigration, Demography, Surveys
Abstract: The present study investigated the role of socio-demographic characteristics, social networks, and satisfaction with various aspects of life in predicting the emigration intentions of Jews living in Russia. The study’s subjects consisted of Jews and their relatives eligible for immigration to Israel under the Israeli Law of Return. The study’s participants (n = 824) lived in five metropolitan areas. Socio-demographic characteristics, social networks, and satisfaction with life in Russia together explained 23% of the variance in emigration intentions among Russian Jews. Specifically, stronger emigration intentions were associated with a younger age, a smaller number of Jewish ancestors, a lower level of religiosity, a smaller number of Russian friends, a larger number of friends living abroad, a lower level of psychological well-being, and dissatisfaction with the education and healthcare systems in Russia. In addition, Jews living in Moscow and St. Petersburg expressed stronger emigration intentions than Jews living in other cities in Russia.
The long silent revolution: capturing the life stories of Soviet-Jewish migrants to the West, 1970–2010
Author(s): Kobrin, Rebecca A.; Oppenheim, Jay
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Aliyah, Oral History and Biography
Abstract: How can the prism of self-reflection help scholars see the mass exodus of Jews from the Soviet Union and its successor states in new ways? This article discusses the first effort to collect the life stories of the 1.6 million Jews and their non-Jewish relatives who left the former Soviet Union between 1970 and 2000. Believing that autobiographical essays elicits a unique perspective on Russian Jewish migration that would otherwise not be known, the authors set out to collect autobiographical materials from members of this last wave of Russian-Jewish migration through autobiography contests modeled after contests run by Max Weinreich and the YIVO Institute in the early twentieth century. Through its discussion of the two winning autobiographies collected through the contests, the article demonstrates why the full social scientific study of the role Russian Jewish migrants played in shaping Jewish history needs to pay heed to the voices and stories of regular migrants
Trends in Soviet Jewish Demography since the Second World War
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Ro'i, Yaakov
Date: 1995
Topics: Russian Emigration, Soviet Jewry, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography
Abstract: The author examines demographic trends among Soviet Jews since World War II and focuses on their declining numbers over time. Aspects considered include age/sex structural correlates of demographic erosion; mixed marriage and its consequences; the balance of births and deaths; household composition.
Ex-Soviet Jews: Collective Autoethnography
Author(s): Fialkova, Larisa; Yelenevskaya, Maria
Editor(s): Veidlinger, Jeffrey
Date: 2016
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Ethnography, Methodology, Anthropology, Emigration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Soviet Jewry
Between Three Worlds Host, Homeland, and Global Media in the Lives of Russian Immigrant Families in Israel and Germany
Author(s): Elias, Nelly; Lemish, Dafna
Date: 2011
Topics: Focus Groups, Integration, Interviews, Media, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Family and Household, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: This study investigated various roles played by host, homeland, and global media in the lives of immigrant families from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, former USSR) to Israel and Germany, as well as the place of different media in family conflicts, consolidation, and parenting strategies. The study was based on focus group interviews with 60 families of Russian-speaking immigrants in Israel and Germany and 73 semistructured, in-depth interviews with immigrant youngsters. The findings of this study demonstrate that the mass media fulfill diverse roles for immigrant families, assisting them face two main relocation challenges: integration “inward” (i.e., cultural transmission and family consolidation) and “outward” integration into their new surroundings.
Impostors of Themselves: Performing Jewishness and Revitalizing Jewish Life among Russian-Jewish Immigrants in Contemporary Germany
Author(s): Roberman, Sveta
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Anthropology, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Jewish Revival
Abstract: In the early 1990s, Germany officially opened its gates to the immigration of Russian Jews as part of the politics of repentance and restitution for the Holocaust. The immigration of Russian Jews seemed to offer an opportunity to strengthen and revitalize Jewish life in the country, even to restore it to its pre-war scale and condition. For the Russian-Jewish immigrants, that task has proven a difficult challenge. Tracking the stumbling blocks and difficulties of the project of revitalization and recreation of Jewish life, this article moves through different arenas of the immigrants' performance of Jewishness – artistic, ritual, and mundane, individual as well as communal. It examines the situation in which role-playing or ‘passing’ as Jews fails to be perceived as credible and is interpreted as ‘imposture.’
The Interrelationship between Emigration and the Socio-Demographic Profile of Russian Jewry
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Lewin-Epstein, Noah; Ritterband, Paul; Ro'i, Yaakov
Date: 1997
Topics: Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Emigration, Aliyah, Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Open Gates: The Story Behind the Mass Immigration to Israel from the Soviet Union and Its Successor States
Author(s): Gurevitz, Baruch
Date: 1996
Topics: Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Soviet Jewry, Russian Emigration
The Post-Soviet Jewish Population in Russia and the World
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2004
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Censuses, Demography, Russian Emigration
Abstract: To gain an understanding of the current Jewish population trends in the former
Soviet Union (FSU) especial attention should be given to the Russian Federation,
where most of the Jews who have remained in the FSU are now concentrated.
For such an analysis the first results of the 2002 Russian census should
be studied in detail, as well as the Jewish intercensal demographic decrease by
area/region. Recent emigration dramatically changed the places of residence of
the Jewish population that originated from the FSU. The worldwide size and
distribution of this Jewry will also be discussed.
The Post-Soviet Jewish Emigration
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2001
Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Emigration
Abstract: A new stage in the demography of (post-) Soviet Jewry began in 1989 when mass emigration of the
Jews from the former Soviet Union (FSU) dramatically exacerbated the already unfavorable population
dynamics. During this period, emigration became the main reason for the rapid demographic decline of FSU
Jewry. Most of this movement was directed toward Israel, a very unusual north-to-south geographical
direction, whereas the rest was divided mostly between the US and Germany. Based on the statistics of FSU
countries, as well as statistics of countries of destination, we can develop a rather detailed pic ture of the
Jewish recent mass emigration and population decline.
Demography of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2011
Topics: Aliyah, Demography, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Diaspora, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract:

This paper is a study of the demography of the contemporary post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora based on various statistical sources collected from many countries where these Jews live. It examines (post-) Soviet Jewish resettlement, and the demographic transformation of FSU Jews in the wake of the recent mass migration, especially in Israel. Based on this analysis, an update for 2010 of the number of the 'core' Jews (by self-identity) originating from the FSU by country was presented, and the total number of people belonging to the post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora worldwide and their distribution was estimated.
Евреи на постсоветском пространстве: новые демографические данные
Translated Title: Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2016
Topics: Demography, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: В статье на основе новых данных представлена динамика численности евреев в постсоветских странах, их столицах и отдельных частях Российской Федерации. Проанализированы некоторые основные демографические характеристики еврейского населения – его возрастная структура и уровень рождаемости. Рассмотрены перемены в направлениях современной миграции. При этом особое внимание уделено наиболее многочисленному потоку из России в Израиль, а также возвратной миграции в Россию.
Russisch-jüdische Gegenwart in Deutschland: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf eine Diaspora im Wandel
Translated Title: Russian-Jewish presence in Germany: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on a Changing Diaspora
Editor(s): Körber, Karen
Date: 2015
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Diaspora, Immigration, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Die Migration russischsprachiger Juden aus der Sowjetunion und den Nachfolgestaaten nach 1989 hat die jüdische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland von Grund auf verändert. Der vorliegende Band unternimmt den Versuch, Dimensionen dieses Wandels nachzuzeichnen.

Beiträge aus der Soziologie und den Kulturwissenschaften schildern die unterschiedlichen Narrative, den Bedeutungswandel von Religion und die neuen Formen von Vergemeinschaftung, die kennzeichnend für die jüdische Gegenwart sind. Die interdisziplinären Beiträge erforschen die Bedeutung von Mobilität und Migration und zeigen auf, wie sich Identitäten und kulturelle Praktiken pluralisiert haben. Es entsteht das facettenreiche Portrait einer sich neu formierenden jüdischen Diaspora, deren Sinnbezüge und Organisationsformen nicht nur in Deutschland liegen.

Inhalt:
Einleitung

Karen Körber: Zäsur, Wandel oder Neubeginn? Russischsprachige Juden in Deutschland zwischen Recht, Repräsentation und Realität

Melanie Eulitz: Die jüdisch-liberale Bewegung in Deutschland nach 1990. Eine Gemeindeanalyse

Alina Gromova: Jüdische Vergemeinschaftung als Praxis der Distinktionen. Auf den Spuren der kulturellen Praktiken und sozialen Positionierungen in der Migrationsgesellschaft

Victoria Hegner: »I am what I am...« Identitätskonzepte junger russischsprachiger Juden in Chicago

Darja Klingenberg: Komische Leute. Selbstverständnisse und Erfahrungen von Rassismus
und Antisemitismus russisch-jüdischer Migrant_innen im scherzhaften Gespräch

Julia Bernstein: »Dichte und Dichtung der neuen Lebenswelten: Das Bolschoi-Theater in der Aldi-Tüte«

Dmitrij Belkin: Wir könnten Avantgarde sein. Die Zukunft des Patchwork-Judentums
Kränkung und Krankheit – Psychische und psychosomatische Folgen der Migration von aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion ausgewanderten Juden
Translated Title: Injury and illness - psychological and psychosomatic consequences of migration of emigrants from the former Soviet Union Jews
Date: 2003
Topics: Care and Welfare, Mental Health, Psychology/Psychiatry, Russian Emigration, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Retrospective and Afterological Considerations of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora: Whence and Whither?
Author(s): Markowitz, Fran
Date: 2009
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Diaspora, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This article reviews the transformations undergone by Russian speaking Jews over the past half century, and how these have been portrayed in key scholarly texts. It analyzes the representation of Soviet Jews first as a people of silence, then as new immigrants in Israel and North America, and, most recently, as a globalized community or worldwide diaspora. But rather than accepting these identity transformations as a fait accompli, the article problematizes their present meanings and ponders future trends.
Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union
Editor(s): Ro'i, Yaakov
Date: 1995
Topics: Russian Emigration, Soviet Jewry, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: The main focus of this book is Jewish life under the Soviet regime. The themes of the book include: the attitude of the government to Jews, the fate of the Jewish religion and life in Post-World War II Russia. The volume also contains an assessment of the prospects for future emigration.
Russian Jews on Three Continents: Identity, Integration, and Conflict
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Date: 2012
Topics: Diaspora, Russian Emigration, Aliyah, Immigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: In the early 1990s, more than 1.6 million Jews from the former Soviet Union emigrated to Israel, the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western countries. Larissa Remennick relates the saga of their encounter with the economic marketplaces, lifestyles, and everyday cultures of their new homelands, drawing on comparative sociological research among Russian-Jewish immigrants. Although citizens of Jewish origin ostensibly left the former Soviet Union to flee persecution and join their co-religionists, Israeli, North American, and German Jews were universally disappointed by the new arrivals' tenuous Jewish identity. In turn, Russian Jews, whose identity had been shaped by seventy years of secular education and assimilation into the Soviet mainstream, hoped to be accepted as ambitious and hard working individuals seeking better lives. These divergent expectations shaped lines of conflict between Russian-speaking Jews and the Jewish communities of the receiving countries. Since her own immigration to Israel from Moscow in 1991, Remennick has been both a participant and an observer of this saga. This is the first attempt to compare resettlement and integration experiences of a single ethnic community (former Soviet Jews) in various global destinations. It also analyzes their emerging transnational lifestyles.
»Das ist sehr zufällig passiert« — Begründungen russischer Juden für die Migration nach Deutschland
Author(s): Schütze, Yvonne
Editor(s): Rehberg, Karl-Siegbert
Date: 1997
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Interviews, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Im Frühjahr 1990 lud Lothar de Maizière die vom neu aufflammenden Antisemitismus in der UdSSR bedrohten Juden ein, in die DDR zu kommen. Diese großzügige Einladung wurde mit der Wiedervereinigung seitens der Bundesregierung zwar in der Tendenz zurückgenommen, gleichwohl wurde allen russischen Juden, die bis zum April 1991 eingereist waren, der Status eines Kontingentflüchtlings gewährt. Deutschland gewährt den russischen Juden die Einwanderung, um Wiedergutmachung zu leisten und sich von Schuldgefühlen zu entlasten. In Politik und Öffentlichkeit wird die Einwanderung russischer Juden als Beweis dafür interpretiert, daß es wieder möglich ist, als Jude in Deutschland zu leben. Aus der Sicht Israels dagegen, der US-amerikanischen jüdischen Institutionen und auch der jüdischen Bevölkerung in aller Welt wird die Migration nach Deutschland mißbilligt. Wer als Jude nach Deutschland, in das Land des Holocaust geht, verletzt eine moralische Norm. (Seligmann 1991, Silbermann/Sallen 1992, Mertens 1993, Runge 1995) Damit ist eine Fragestellung des Projekts »Russisch-jüdische Migranten im Vergleich« markiert, nämlich lassen sich aus den Aussagen, mit denen die russischen Juden die Migration und ihren Aufenthalt in Deutschland begründen, Hinweise auf die Wirksamkeit der genannten Norm finden, oder müssen wir davon ausgehen, daß sie für die russischen Juden keine Bedeutung hat
"We are similar in that we're different": Social Relationships of Young Russian Jewish Immigrants in Israel and Germany
Author(s): Schütze, Yvonne; Rapoport, Tamar
Editor(s): Breckner, Roswitha; Kalekin-Fishman, Devorah; Miethe, Ingrid
Date: 2000
Topics: Interviews, Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Aliyah, Acculturation, Integration, Russian Emigration, Friendship, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: The data used in this study was collected for the project titled 'Russian Jewish Immigration in Jerusalem and Berlin: A Comparison.' The project
focuses on the process of social integration of young Russian Jews who emigrated to Israel and Germany and had resided in the new society for roughly five to six years at the time of the interview (1995/1996). The interview subjects were 38 young Russian Jews in Jerusalem, whose mean age was 24 years, and 46 in Berlin, with a mean age of 22.6 years. The interviews in Israel were conducted exclusively with university students, while the Berlin group consisted of 35 university students and 11 individuals preparing to enter the university or other educational institutions. The central question of this study can be summarized as follows: Do the different approaches to Russian Jewish emigrants taken by Israel and Germany - approaches which are historically, politically, and culturally distinct - have diverging effects on the process of integration, and thus on the immigrants' future perspectives in the new society? In this paper, we have dealt only with a part of this question, namely social relations between emigrants and native residents.
Tricky Hermeneutics: Public and Private Viewpoints on Jewish Migration from Russia to Germany
Author(s): Oswald, Ingrid; Voronkov, Viktor
Editor(s): Breckner, Roswitha; Kalekin-Fishman, Devorah; Miethe, Ingrid
Date: 2000
Topics: Interviews, Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Methodology, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration