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Alte Jüdinnen und Juden in Deutschland: Ausschnitte aus der Geschichte ihres Überlebens und ihre Suche nach einem neuen Zuhause
Translated Title: Older Jews in Germany. Excerpts from the story of their survival and their search for a new home.
Author(s): Bock, Marlene; Weitzel-Polzer, Esther
Date: 2005
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Holocaust Survivors, Immigration, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Oral History and Biography
Abstract: Biographische Tiefeninterviews mit Shoa-Überlebenden haben den Autorinnen bewegende Einblicke in deren Lebensgeschichten ermöglicht, die in 19 Portraits einfühlsam nachgezeichnet werden. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Überlebenswege (z.B. Überleben im Exil in Südamerika) sowie besondere Merkmale unterschiedlicher Gruppen (z.B. Juden aus Osteuropa) herausgearbeitet. Es werden vielschichtige Gründe alter Jüdinnen und Juden dargestellt, wieder in Deutschland zu leben und ihren Lebensabend in dem Land zu verbringen, von dem der Holocaust an den europäischen Juden ausging.
Demenz, Trauma und transkulturelle Pflege –Der komplexe Pflegebedarf in der jüdischen Altenpflege in Deutschland. Der komplexe Pflegebedarf in der jüdischen Altenpflege in Deutschland
Translated Title: Dementia, trauma and transcultural care - The complex need for care in Jewish geriatric care in Germany. The complex need for care in Jewish geriatric care in Germany
Author(s): Weitzel-Polzer, Esther
Date: 2002
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Care and Welfare, Main Topic: Other, Holocaust Survivors, Immigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Trauma
Abstract: Komplexe Pflegebedarfe sind typisch für die jüdische Altenpflege in Deutschland. Am Beispiel des Altenzentrums der Jüdischen Gemeinde in Frankfurt/Main werden typischen Bedarfe und Pflegeprofile vorgestellt. Im Heim wohnen Überlebende des Holocaust, die die Verfolgung entweder in Europa oder in der Emigration überlebt haben. Seit einigen Jahren leben auch alte Menschen aus den Staaten der ehemaligen Sowjetunion im Heim, die erst im hohen Alter nach Deutschland gekommen sind. Die Bewohner des Heimes kommen aus 18 unterschiedlichen Herkunftsländern. Die Bewohnerstruktur ist multiethnisch und dementsprechend für Deutschland eher untypisch. Die tagesstrukturierende Betreuung der Dementen wird in zwei Sprachen angeboten, was auch für Deutschland eine neue Erfahrung ist. Die multiethnische und mehrsprachige Ausrichtung des Heimes veranlasste das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, neue Betreuungskonzepte, die auf diese Struktur abgestimmt sind, als Modell zu fördern. Zum Erleben von Fremdsein als Basis für die Entfaltung des Milieus einer Institution werden abschließend einige Gedanken vorgestellt.    Das Datenmaterial, das hier Verwendung findet, stammt zum großen Teil aus unveröffentlichten Analysen, Protokollen und der Interpretation biographischer Interviews, die im Rahmen der Konzeptionsentwicklung für die transkulturelle Pflege im jüdischen Milieu angefertigt wurden. Es handelt sich dabei um Gruppenanalysen, die in der Arbeit mit Dementen entstanden sind, um Auswertungen von Bewohnerbefragungen und Workshops, sowie um die Interpretation von biographischen Interviews, die im Rahmen eines Projektes an der FH-Erfurt entstanden sind (Bock, M., Weitzel-Polzer, E.). Darüber hinaus wird das unveröffentlichte Schulungsmaterial und Seminarunterlagen von AMCHA, dem National Israeli Center for Psychosocial Support of Survivors of the Holocaust and the Second Generation, in die Auswertungen einbezogen.
Social Support Networks and Loneliness Among Elderly Jews in Russia and Ukraine
Author(s): Iecovich, Esther; Barasch, Miriam; Mirsky, Julia; Kaufman, Roni; Avgar, Amos; Kol-Fogelson, Aliza
Date: 2004
Topics: Age and Generational Issues, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other, Post-1989, Social Capital, Surveys, Networks
Abstract: The collapse of the Soviet Union had devastating consequences for the lives of its population, especially for older adults, many of whom became impoverished and were left with no social support. Using data from a survey of 2,579 elderly Jews in two of the largest countries of the former Soviet Union, Russia and Ukraine, we examine variables that affect their feeling of loneliness. Unmarried and childless elderly persons reported the highest feelings of loneliness. Married elderly persons who maintained frequent contact with their children felt least lonely. Moreover, married and unmarried elderly persons who did not maintain frequent contact with relatives or friends were lonelier than those who maintained such contact. The characteristics of social networks were significantly correlated with loneliness. The findings also showed that Jews in Ukraine had fewer social networks and felt lonelier compared to Jews in Russia.
To move or not to move? Decision-making about migration or ageing-in-place for older Orthodox Jewish people from Gateshead
Author(s): Raffles, Larissa Ellen
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Age and Generational Issues, Main Topic: Other, Migration, Care and Welfare, Family and Household, Orthodox Judaism, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews
Abstract: When older people move from where they live to go elsewhere, if the distances are short it is called relocation, or if the move is over state or national borders, migration. Push factors are dissatisfaction with the present residence, or incapacities; leading to short-distance moves to be near, or to cohabit with, adult children, in order to receive support. These individuals are the ‘old-old’ and ‘oldest-old’, mostly single, poorer, and less healthy. A pull factor is when people want to access a better lifestyle and an increased standard of living. These long-distance migrants tend to be ‘young-old’, healthier, financially secure, newly retired, and married. This thesis explores the migration and relocation of older Orthodox Jews from Gateshead, and studies the priorities and criteria that influence the decision-making process, as well as triggers and barriers to leaving. Being a member of this community, I conducted this research as an insider using constructivist grounded methodology. I conducted 33 in-depth interviews with older people who have migrated or not, including nine with adult children. The migrants ranged from ‘young-old’ to ‘oldest-old’, were married, generally in good health and well-rooted in their community, with extensive social and work attachments in Gateshead. This represents a unique migration in that they are not moving for care, or out of necessity or dissatisfaction, nor are they aiming to increase their standard of living, but to live near and help their children. The decision-making process is both complex and multi-layered. The older people ordered their priorities and considered how their decisions would affect them and their wider network, and taking into account all their resources, select the option that best met everyone’s needs. Decisions were influenced by interdependency with children, neighbours, friends and work colleagues. This interdependency, in which work and volunteering played significant roles, was mediated by reciprocity, the desire not to be a burden, and to remain independent and autonomous. The children facilitated anything that aided these priorities. It was also clear that the demarcation of 65 years as the beginning of an ‘old age’ marked by dependency and infirmity is both arbitrary and inaccurate. Policy makers should recognise the contributions older people can and do make to families and communities. Facilitating and supporting these contributions would improve the health and well-being of older people.
The Club of Senior Citizens who Survived the Holocaust: A Case Study from Slovakia
Author(s): Vrzgulová, Monika
Date: 2021
Topics: Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Ageing and the Elderly, Interviews, Jewish Organisations, Memory, Oral History and Biography
Abstract: This paper chronicles the process of how an informal group of Holocaust survivors in Bratislava organized into a senior citizens club that gradually evolved into a source of civic activism directed at the majority of society. Based on qualitative research: repeated interviews with survivors in Bratislava about their experiences of the Holocaust and the Communist era, which the author has carried out from 1995 to the present. It also draws on other data acquired during discussions at the Senior Citizens Club (2005–2017) and active observations of the survivors as civic activists engaged in public discourse and educational events for the youth in 2006–2019.
Given Up by Parents for Survival: Separation Narratives by Formerly Persecuted Elderly Belgian Jews
Author(s): Fohn, Adeline; Bouhmid, Souad; Bushati, Ekujtesa; Mba, Diane; Yesilgöz, Eylem; Habermas, Tilmann
Date: 2017
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Holocaust Survivors, Memory, Mental Health, Trauma, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Theories of psychological trauma have suggested that trauma narratives are fragmented, lack emotion and cognitive terms (narrative evaluation), and show linguistic indicators of reliving (narrative immersion). We tested the relation between narrative evaluation and immersion on the one hand with PTSD symptoms (Impact of Event Scale – Revised) and remembered dangerous/frightening qualities of the experience on the other hand. A sample of 26 elderly Belgian Jews narrated their lives. As children they had been separated from their families to be hidden and saved from Nazi persecution. We analyzed sections of their narratives regarding separation from parents. PTSD symptoms correlated only with a lack of positive evaluations, and narrative immersion correlated with the scariness/dangerousness of the original events. We suggest that the emotional quality of memories is sufficient to predict narrative qualities that signal reliving, but that the lack of positive emotions is specific to the presence of PTSD symptoms.
Religion and Ethics at the End of Life. A Qualitative Empirical Study among Elderly Jewish and Muslim Women in Antwerp (Belgium)
Author(s): Baeke, Goedele
Date: 2012
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other, Comparisons with other communities, Religious Belief, Religious Observance and Practice, Health, Death and Mourning
Hardship And Needs Of Elderly Hesed Clients: An Analysis Of Clients Served By Hesed Service Centers In Russia & Ukraine
Author(s): Tighe, Elizabeth; Magidin de Kramer, Raquel; Bleckman, Dina; Begli, Nursahedov; Saxe, Leonard
Date: 2012
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Care and Welfare, Health, Evaluation, Main Topic: Other, Social Services, Social Work, NGOs
Abstract:

The countries of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are the home today for a substantial number of Jews, many of whom live in poor, economically disadvantaged communities. Throughout the FSU, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) has supported the development of Hesed welfare and Jewish community centers to assist in the provision of services to Jews in need and to support the renewal of Jewish life after years of suppression. The present report is designed to review the current economic, health, and social conditions of these elderly Jews in need in the FSU and to compare their circumstances, as best possible, to their counterparts who live in western countries such as the United States.

Data from a large number of sources are reviewed and analyzed, including national statistics, national and local surveys, and client-level data. The data indicate clearly that, in view of demographic composition, as well as economic and social conditions, elderly Jews in the FSU have tremendous needs for supportive services funded by philanthropy compared to their peers in the United States. The comparisons also highlight the disparities in available care among those most in need.

There is a clear need for external support for basic health and social services for elderly Jews in the FSU. Twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, there is not an adequate safety net for the elderly. The situation is in flux and there are unique challenges associated with understanding service delivery in societies that are in transition. The available data on pensions and living circumstances make clear that the economic situation for elderly in the FSU who seek Hesed services is dire. Faced with increasing costs for basic needs such as utilities and food, along with health services including essential medicines, quality care and homecare, the pension amounts that Hesed clients rely on are inadequate to meet their needs.
Erinnern und Vergessen: Psychosoziale Arbeit mit Überlebenden der Shoah und ihren Nachkommen
Translated Title: Remembering and forgetting Psychosocial work with survivors of the Shoah and their descendants
Date: 2020
Topics: Holocaust Survivors, Holocaust Survivors: Children of, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Mental Health, Social Work, Psychology/Psychiatry, Psychotherapy / Psychoanalysis
Abstract: Erinnern oder Vergessen? Auch Jahrzehnte nach der Shoah sind die Erfahrungen, die Bilder und die Leiden, die sich mit der Erinnerung an die nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen aufdrängen, keineswegs Geschichte geworden. Die Formen und Praktiken des Gedenkens in Deutschland haben sich mit dem Abstand zum historischen Geschehen verändert und lassen einen Übergang vom sozialen Gedächtnis zu einem kulturellen Gedenken erkennen. Gleichwohl unterscheiden sich die Formen deutscher Gedenkkultur von der jüdischen Erinnerungspraxis. Die vielfältigen traumatischen Erlebnisse der jüdischen Überlebenden der Shoah bestimmen deren Lebenswelt, haben Auswirkungen auf ihre jeweiligen Identitätskonzepte und Handlungsmuster und übertragen sich auf die nachfolgenden Generationen.
Die hier versammelten Beiträge geben unter anderem Einblicke in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs über die Konsequenzen des individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Verarbeitens der Erinnerungen an den Nationalsozialismus und die Shoah sowie der daraus resultierenden Traumata; thematisieren den professionellen Umgang mit Überlebenden mit Blick auf deren Selbstkonzepte und ihre jeweiligen biografischen Narrative; fragen nach der Praxisrelevanz des Wissens um Prozesse des Erinnerns und Vergessens in der Betreuung von Überlebenden und deren Angehörigen; weisen auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den erlittenen Traumata, den Lebensumständen nach der Befreiung und den jeweiligen biografischen Erzählungen hin; schließlich verdeutlichen sie, was das gesellschaftlich bedingte kollektive Vergessen oder die Umdeutung der Geschichte für die Überlebenden und ihre Familien bedeutet.

Mit Beiträgen von: Katja von Auer ǀ Julia Bernstein ǀ Jackie Feldman ǀ Kurt Grünberg ǀ Tilmann Habermas ǀ Jens Hoppe ǀ Ulrike Jureit ǀ Doron Kiesel ǀ Salomon Korn ǀ Norma Musih ǀ Miriam Victory Spiegel ǀ Noemi Staszewski ǀ Gabriel Strenger ǀ Moshe Teller ǀ Ricarda Theiss ǀ Susanne Urban ǀ Lukas Welz ǀ Lea Wohl von Haselberg

Inhalt

Kurt Grünberg: Danach – Vergessen, Erinnern, Tradieren. Extremes Trauma und Kultur im postnationalsozialistischen Deutschland
Tilmann Habermas: Die Veränderung von Lebensgeschichten im Laufe des Lebens
Jackie Feldman/Norma Musih: Kollektive Erinnerung, digitale Medien und Holocaust-
Zeugenschaft
Jens Hoppe: Erinnern und Vergessen bei Überlebenden der Shoah. Anmerkungen
eines Historikers zu „Holocaust Oral Histories“
Salomon Korn: Kultur der Erinnerung
Gabriel Strenger: Erinnerung und Vergessen im biblischen Kontext
Susanne Urban: Fließende Erinnerungen. Reflexionen über die Befassung mit Zeitzeugen
Miriam Victory Spiegel: Nicht geheilte Wunden: Die Rolle von Erinnerung und Denkmälern
Julia Bernstein/Katja von Auer „Sie reagieren nur so, weil Sie jüdisch sind“. Diskursive Auseinandersetzungen mit den Auswirkungen der Shoah im Bildungskontext der Sozialen Arbeit
Moshe Teller: Papa, mir geht’s heute nicht besonders gut … Holocaust-Überlebende
und ihre Kinder: eine klinische Perspektive
Noemi Staszewski/Ricarda Theiss: Zeitzeugentheater. Potenziale transgenerationaler Projekte
Lukas Welz: Erinnern und Vergessen verantworten. Über die Notwendigkeit einer emanzipierten Erinnerung an die Shoah für die Betroffenen und die Gesellschaft
Lea Wohl von Haselberg: Zwischen Erinnern und Vergessen – Notizen zu Shoah und Film
Ulrike Jureit: Einsichten und Erkenntnisse
Co-creative Affordance: Rethinking “Beyond Loss” in Dementia through Co-dwelling
Author(s): Jong-min, Jeong
Date: 2020
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Elderly Care, Ethnography, Mental Health, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Based on a decade of voluntary work and a year of intensive ethnographic fieldwork in an orthodox Jewish care home in London, I demonstrate the ways in which an individual’s loss of cognition, language and memory is challenged, rethought and facilitated in everyday life. Drawing on Ingold’s idea of dwelling, I examine how loss is constantly negotiated and distributed in ways of becoming that are radically contingent, profoundly relational and potentially generative during an art activity in the context of co-dwelling. I refer to this as dementia-becoming. I suggest a more inclusive understanding of loss as a way of life, constitutive of life, and appreciated as a potential co-creative affordance.
“Please call my daughter”: Ethical practice in dementia care as an art of dwelling
Author(s): Jong-min, Jeong
Date: 2020
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Elderly Care, Ethnography, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: This article aims to extend the current understanding of ethical practice within a dementia context, in which people living with dementia are often taken for granted as mere beneficiaries of care, rather than as co-producers in day-to-day care practice. Building on a decade of voluntary work and a year of fieldwork (including six weeks’ intensive observation of nightlife) at a Jewish care home in London, I pay attention to the affective dimension of ethical practice at the moment of sleep disturbance of a resident with dementia. Inspired by Heidegger’s concept of dwelling, I understand the episode not as pathological, but as a process through which ethical subjects emerge in the making of ongoing, entangled ethical endeavors. I argue that ethical practice is neither predetermined nor random: rather, it is the way in which those involved continuously respond and attune to the ever-changing circumstances: what I call an ‘art of dwelling’.
The Affective Creativity of a Couple in Dementia Care
Author(s): Jong-min, Jeong
Date: 2020
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Elderly Care, Main Topic: Other, Ethnography
Abstract: The capacity to feel and express themselves in response to worldly surroundings is a defining feature of who a person living with dementia is, and can have profound effects on the ways in which they think, act and express creativity. Drawing on a year of intensive collaborative work with residents living with dementia in an Orthodox Jewish care home in London, I extend our perceptions and understandings of how a couple experiences their day-to-day lives, with particular attention paid to their affective practice in creativity. I demonstrate how the affective creativity of the couple emerges, circulates, and transforms as a spouse’s dementia develops, whilst feeling bodies continuously (re)make relations and familiarize themselves with the immediate surroundings through the making of artworks.
공동주거 기술로서의 정동적 실천: 영국의 정통유대인요양원에서 인지증(치매)과 사는 에일라의 사례를 중심으로
Translated Title: Affective Practice as an Art of Co-dwelling: an Ethnographic Case Study on Ayla Living with Dementia in an Orthodox Jewish Care Home in London
Author(s): Jong-min, Jeong
Date: 2020
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other, Elderly Care, Ethnography
Abstract: 지금까지 인지증(치매) 연구는 주로 생의학적·약학적·치료적 측면에 집중되었다. 이러한 접근은 인지증과 사는 사람의 목소리를 놓친다. 본고는 영국의 정통유대인요양원에서 인지증과 사는 에일라의 사례를 통해, 그녀가 실제 몸으로 느끼고 상상하는 삶을 보여주고 그 의미와 가치를 드러내고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 인지증이 진행됨에 따라 나타나는 반복적인 행위나 말을 비정상적이거나 병리적인 현상으로 간주하지 않고 삶의 한 방식으로 이해한다. 여기에 웨더웰(Wetherell)의 ‘정동적 실천(affective practice)’개념과 인골드(Ingold)의 ‘주거 관점’ 및 ‘분위기’와 ‘만들기’ 개념을 결합하여, 인지·언어·판단·수행능력 등을 잃어감에도 불구하고 끊임없이 현실에 참여하고 세상과 관계 맺는 일상의 실천을 정동적인 측면에서 밝힌다. 이를 통해 에일라가 제한적이지만 정동적 실천을 통해 요양원을 어떻게 경험하고 새로운 정동적 분위기를 만드는 것에 기여하는지를 묘사하고 분석한다. 이 과정에서 에일라가 영향을 미치기도 하고 받기도 하는 공동생산자이자 실질적인 구성요소로서 존재하고 있음을 보여줄 것이다.
Becoming-dementia as an Immanent Condition of Co-dwelling in Everyday Life
Author(s): Jong-min, Jeong
Date: 2017
Topics: Elderly Care, Ethnography, Health, Mental Health, Main Topic: Other, Volunteering, Ageing and the Elderly, Care and Welfare
Abstract: What have those living with dementia lost? If they have lost aspects of their mind and self, who are they now? Are they 'normal'? Prevailing medical, therapeutic and sociopsychoanalytic interventions and studies on dementia, largely influenced by Tom Kitwood's person-centred approach, have focused mainly on revealing and evaluating the remaining intact bodily abilities and functions beyond loss. In contrast to this predominant understanding of dementia, my decade-long involvement in a Jewish Care Home as a volunteer and researcher has raised ontological, epistemological and practical critiques, acknowledging that we are never beyond loss but always alongside it, and that we simply do not know how to dwell well with it. Although the expressive and performative words, gestures and behaviours of those with dementia are often regarded as inarticulate, repetitive and nonsensical, these are the lived worlds of dementia that those affected feel, experience and live through, whilst continuously making relations and familiarising themselves with people, things, and their surroundings. This demands a paradigm shift in the ontological, epistemological and practical horizon within the study of dementia. Critically developing Canguilhem's notion of the normal and the abnormal, Ingold's dwelling perspective and Deleuze's concept of becoming, I redefine dementia not as a fixed mode of being but as a continuous process of becoming-dementia through an attentive engagement with one's immediate surroundings. In more detail, this study explores the ways in which people challenge the taken-for-granted concepts of loss and abnormality in five different dementia contexts: ethics, repetition, time, agency and emplacement. By rejecting medical preconceptions or categorisations, this study focuses on uncovering what loss does in everyday life rather than asking what loss means or what people lose. In particular, this study emphasises bodily movement, sensory perception and affect, not because of the language deterioration during dementia trajectories but because of a new way of understanding and new reality that those affected practise in daily life. Consequently, this study illustrates the immanent potential of the anthropological view for thinking and dwelling with those living with dementia alongside their limits and implications. This study is thus an autobiographical ethnographic testimony of my past decade living, learning, volunteering, studying and most importantly co-dwelling with those living with dementia. This is a collaborative co-production created with those involved, as without the participation of those affected and the co-presence of significant others, my work could not be done. Accordingly, there is neither a beginning nor end to this study, but a moving forward and generating dementia becoming as the lives of those affected and those who care for them unfold.
Shoah - Flucht - Migration: Multiple Traumatisierung und ihre Auswirkungen
Translated Title: Shoah - Flight - Migration: Multiple traumas and their effects
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Survivors, Ageing and the Elderly, Mental Health, Trauma, Social Work, Social Services
Abstract: Jede Vertreibung, Migration oder Flucht hinterlässt ihre Spuren in den Biografien der betroffenen Individuen und in der Geschichte ihrer Familien.
Psychosoziale Dienste berichten demzufolge, dass eine stetig wachsende Zahl von ratsuchenden Shoah-Überlebenden und deren Angehörige unter psychischen Problemen leidet, die mit ihren migrationsbedingten Erfahrungen in einen Zusammenhang gestellt werden können.
Unter welchen Umständen und mit welcher Intensität sich einschneidende biografische Erfahrungen traumatisierend und mit auffälligen Symptomen auswirken, hängt sowohl von der Persönlichkeitsstruktur und den affektiven Reaktionsmustern des Individuums ab als auch von den gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen des Landes, in dem sich die Betreffenden niederließen, um einen biografischen Neuanfang zu wagen.
Die vorliegende Dokumentation versammelt die zentralen Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, auf der unterschiedliche Narrative und historische Rahmenbedingungen der verschiedenen Flucht- und Migrationswellen von jüdischen Überlebenden der Shoah nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg aufgearbeitet und deren Auswirkungen auf die aktuellen Lebensbedingungen im Alter beleuchtet wurden.

Aus dem Inhalt

Gad Arnsberg Wer sind wir? Die Vielfalt jüdischen Selbstverständnisses in Deutschland nach 1945. Ein historischer Überblick | Jens Hoppe Erfahrungen von deutschen Juden, die die NS-Verfolgung in Deutschland oder im Exil überlebt haben. Eine historische Einbettung | Hans Jakob Ginsburg Doppelte Fremde: Jüdische Zuwanderer aus Osteuropa in der Bundesrepublik nach 1945 | Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Leben nach der Shoah: Psychoanalytische Überlegungen ausgehend von der Autobiografie des Psychoanalytikers und Traumaforschers Henri Parens | Gerda Netopil und Klaus Mihacek Psychotrauma im Alter. Eine Analyse des psychosozialen Modells ESRA | Amit Shrira Altern im Schatten transgenerativer Weitergabe der Holocaust-Erfahrungen | Julia Bernstein Multiple Traumatisierung ex-sowjetischer Juden vor und nach der Immigration | Martin Auerbach, Elise Bittenbinder und Lukas Welz Ein Zwiegespräch über Trauma, Flucht und Migration gestern und heute als Fortführung des Dialogs aus dem „PresentPast“-Projekt von AMCHA | Esther Weitzel-Polzer Chaos und Muster. Die Entwicklung einer transkulturellen Organisation am Beispiel eines jüdischen Altenpflegeheims in Deutschland | Andrea Schiff Stolpersteine im Umgang mit traumatisierten alten Menschen. Pflegewissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse für die Pflegepraxis | Jim Sutherland Shoah, Flucht und Migration aus britischer Perspektive. Die Arbeit des Vereins Association of Jewish Refugees (AJR) | Sara Soussan „Ehre Vater und Mutter“ — Der Anspruch des fünften Gebots im Spannungsfeld von Altwerden, Krankwerden und Verletztwerden | Doron Kiesel „Schnee von gestern“ — ein Film von Yael Reuveny | Christian Wiese Einsichten und Erkenntnisse
Społeczność żydowska w Łodzi po 1945 r. Szkic do portretu
Author(s): Wasilewska-Klamka, Beata
Editor(s): Lech, Andrzej; Rykała, Andrzej; Radziszewska, Krystyna
Date: 2010
Topics: Jewish Organisations, Jewish Identity, Youth, Main Topic: Other, Memory, Age and Generational Issues, Ageing and the Elderly, Jewish Community
Building relationships between the generations: the case of the co-located nursery
Author(s): Somers, Ali
Date: 2018
Topics: Age and Generational Issues, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other, Care and Welfare, Nursery Schools
Abstract: This report explores the process of setting up the UK’s first
intergenerational nursery. It covers how the idea came about
in 2014, and includes a summary of the main stages the
project went through to build community support and open
its doors to its first cohort of children.
The nursery is a partnership between the Apples and Honey
Nursery group and the Jewish elderly care home charity
Nightingale Hammerson. A weekly intergenerational baby
and toddler group began at the care home Nightingale
House based in Wandsworth, London, in January 2017. The
day nursery opened within the grounds of the care home in
September 2017, where intergenerational sessions between
nursery children and care home residents take place every
single day.
This report includes extensive feedback from the first year
of the intergenerational programme, including the views of
families who attend the baby and toddler group, residents
of the care home, volunteers, physiotherapists, parents from
the new nursery, and staff from both organisations. This
case provides a lot of very useful and practical information,
including the top three intergenerational baby and toddler
activities to run, and examples of what weekly planning
within the nursery for intergenerational sessions looks like
while delivering the UK’s Early Years Foundation
Stage framework.
The Intergenerational Programme at Nightingale House: A study into the impact on the well-being of elderly residents
Author(s): Somers, Ali
Date: 2019
Topics: Age and Generational Issues, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other, Care and Welfare, Nursery Schools
Abstract: Nightingale House is a faith-based elderly residential care home located in South West London. The
Jewish charity Nightingale Hammerson runs the care home and is over 175 years old. In January
2017, a weekly intergenerational baby and toddler group began in the home’s main lounge. This was
followed by the opening of an on-site social enterprise day nursery, Apples and Honey Nightingale
CIC in September 2017. Apples and Honey Nightingale sets aside 20% of nursery places for care home
staff to use for their own children at a heavily subsidised rate. The intergenerational on-site nursery
is the second branch of a local one that has operated for over 25 years and has a long-standing
relationship of visiting and interacting with the care home.

This report details the findings of a study to determine the extent to which the regular intergenerational
programme has an impact on the well-being of elderly residents at Nightingale House. The research
took place over five months and included more than 30 days of observations. Impact is defined here
as observable changes to resident behaviour, and can include (but is not limited to) improvements to
physical mobility, verbal and nonverbal communication, cognitive function, and expressed feelings of
self-worth. While the research framework accounted for positive and negative changes for residents,
almost entirely positive changes were observed.
Situace V Oblasti Péče Poskytované Přeživším Holocaustu A Ostatním Obětem Nacistické Perzekuce Na Území Itálie
Translated Title: Care Situation Provided To Holocaust Survivors And Other Victims Of Nazi Persecution In Italy Territory
Author(s): Ludvíková, Miroslava
Date: 2013
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Elderly Care, Care and Welfare, Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Předložená studie analyzuje situaci v oblasti péče poskytované přeživším
šoa a ostatním obětem nacisticko-fašistické perzekuce na území Itálie (dále jen
studie) a vznikla na žádost a pro potřeby Evropského institutu odkazu šoa, o. p. s.
(dále jen ESLI), jemuž má sloužit především jako podpůrný nástroj pro
formulování jeho krátko-, středně- a dlouhodobých strategií v oblasti péče o
přeživší šoa a ostatní oběti nacisticko-fašistické perzekuce.
Tato studie v mnohém inspirativně a metodologicky vychází ze studie
Situace v oblasti péče poskytované přeživším holocaustu a ostatním obětem
nacistické perzekuce na území České republiky provedené výzkumným týmem
pod vedením PhDr. Dariny Sedláčkové (Praha: ESLI, 2012).
V úvodní kapitole je definována cílová skupina, na niž se studie
zaměřuje, jsou zde představena základní metodologická východiska, užívané
termíny a rozsah mapované péče. V závěru této části jsou uvedeny předpokládané
tendence ve vývoji potřeb výše definovaných cílových skupin.
Druhá kapitola obsahuje ucelený přehled platné italské legislativy
související s oblastí sociálního a důchodového zabezpečení a státní a
regionální/místní sociální podpory a obsahuje i souhrnný přehled specifických
opatření přijatých italským státem ke zlepšení životní situace cílových skupin,
eventuálně jejich pozůstalých. Kapitola je doplněna informacemi o
odškodňovacím programu Claims Conference na území Itálie.
Třetí kapitola prezentuje asociace a organizace, které sdružují přeživší
šoa a další oběti nacisticko-fašistické perzekuce v Itálii, popřípadě jejich pozůstalé.
Zmíněny jsou také organizace spojující účastníky národního boje za osvobození.
Čtvrtá kapitola analyzuje současný stav poskytování sociální péče
přeživším šoa a ostatním obětem nacisticko-fašistické perzekuce v Itálii z pohledu
praxe a jsou zmíněny regionální diverzity v poskytování sociální péče.
V poslední a závěrečné kapitole jsou shrnuta zjištěná fakta a jsou vedena
doporučení na zlepšení fungování systému sociální péče poskytované přeživším
druhé světové války a nacisticko-fašistické perzekuce. Tato doporučení vycházejí z reálných návrhů a praktických potřeb a mohla by efektivně vylepšit sociální
pozici cílové skupiny.
Součást studie tvoří rovněž příloha s přehledem relevantních italských
zákonů.
Vzhledem ke skutečnosti, že v průběhu vypracovávání studie postupně
docházelo k úpravám penzijního systému a k přechodu na nový, je na tyto
skutečnosti na patřičném místě upozorněno.
Autorka studie používá primárně italskou odbornou terminologii a
názvosloví a až v závorce uvádí český překlad. Je si však vědoma toho, že překlady
nejsou vždy zcela přesné, a to z toho důvodu, že v českém jazyce není vždy možné
najít přesný ekvivalent termínů.
Zároveň autorka také upozorňuje na skutečnost, že italský důchodový a
sociální systém je natolik složitou soustavou, že pro tuto studii byly vybrány
relevantní informace a data. Mimo fokus této práce byly ponechány nepodstatné
skutečnosti, stejně jako nejsou zmíněny například sociální příspěvky, jež již
v současné době nejsou v platnosti
Situace V Oblasti Péče Poskytované Přeživším Holocaustu A Ostatním Obětem Nacistické Perzekuce Na Území České Republiky
Translated Title: The Situation in the Care Provided to the Holocaust Survivors and Other Victims of Nazi Persecution in the Territory of the Czech Republic
Author(s): Sedláčkové, Dariny
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Survivors, Care and Welfare, Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly
Internationalism, Patriotism and Disillusion: Soviet Jewish Veterans Remember World War II and the Holocaust
Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Editor(s): Roth, John K.; Maxwell, Elizabeth; Levy, Margot; Whitworth, Wendy
Date: 2001
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Oral History and Biography, Interviews, Ageing and the Elderly
Abstract: Soviet historiography ignored the Jewish role in World War II, for reasons shall explore. Yet the topic is very important to Soviet and post-Soviet Jews (as well as to others), in part precisely because it was ignored by the Soviets. This is manifested in the number of articles and books published on the subject in the former Soviet Union (FSU) and the Soviet Jewish diaspora, few of them by professional historians. One way of supplementing amateur historiography and filling in gaps in our knowledge is by taking oral testimonies from participants in the war. This has been done successfully by some popular historians in the United States. Oral history has serious limitations, of course. It should probably not be used to establish facts, especially at a distance of more than fifty years and in regard to events fraught with great meanings and emotions. Oral history allows for embellishment, cover-ups, falsifications and distortions. However, it can be most useful in establishing perceptions, that is, not so much what happened — though that should not be dismissed — but what people think happened, or think now happened then.
Jewishness and psychoanalysis - the relationship to identity, trauma and exile. An interview study
Author(s): Johansson, Per Magnus; Punzi, Elisabeth
Date: 2019
Topics: Diaspora, Emigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Psychotherapy / Psychoanalysis, Refugees, Interviews, Ageing and the Elderly
Abstract: The relationship between psychoanalysis and Jewishness has been debated for over one hundred years and the derogatory term ”Jewish science” has been used to describe psychoanalysis. Because of the Nazi regime both Jewish and non-Jewish psychoanalysts left their homelands. In this study, aging Jewish individuals born in Central Europe and forced into exile were interviewed concerning their perceptions of psychoanalysis and Jewishness, of Jewish identity and exile. Anti-Semitism had influenced their perceptions of their work in the psychoanalytic field. The findings are discussed in relation to the current position of psychoanalysis as well as to questions of trauma and exile.
Trauma and the life course in a cross national perspective: Focus on Holocaust survivors living in Hungary
Author(s): Kahana, Eva; Kahana, Boaz; Lee, Jeong Eun; Bhatta, Tirth; Wolf, Julia Kay
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Survivors, Ageing and the Elderly, Trauma, Memory
Abstract: This study describes how elderly Holocaust survivors living in Hungary evaluate their lives in the context of multiple sociopolitical upheavals they had experienced. We interviewed Holocaust survivors who continue to live in the locale of their original victimization and amid renewed threats of anti-Semitism. We examined evaluations of life during 9 historical periods, ranging from pre-Holocaust to the 1990s. We also considered data about late life morale, social integration, perceptions of social alienation, and concerns about future anti-Semitism. Data are reported, based on individual in-depth interviews with 104 Holocaust survivors living in Hungary. Findings about well-being and social outcomes are compared with data obtained in our earlier studies of 166 Holocaust survivors who immigrated to the United States and 184 survivors who immigrated to Israel after World War II. Results indicate that survivors living in Hungary experienced several postwar periods as highly stressful in addition to the trauma of the Holocaust. Survivors living in the United States, and particularly those living in Israel, portray better family life and social and psychological outcomes. Narrative responses of survivors living in Hungary point to a lack of social integration and ongoing threats to identity, along with fears about the rise of anti-Semitism, as factors that may adversely impact the maintenance of psychosocial well-being.
The Jews in the Three Post-Soviet Slavic Countries: Selected Population Trends
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Moskovitch, Wolf; Finberg, Leonid
Date: 2008
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Education, Ageing and the Elderly, Censuses
Abstract: The data of the recent post-Soviet censuses show that the sizable educational difference among the three Slavic countries persisted after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. According to the 2002 Russian census, 61.1 percent of the Jews aged 20 and over had attained higher education; for Russian Jews this percentage was higher by 1.2 and 1.5 times than for those in Ukraine and Belarus, respectively. Among younger Jews who remained in the Russian Federation I found a decrease in educational attainments as compared with older cohorts. The highest educational attainments were of Jews who received their degrees mostly in the Soviet period. Sizable differences were also found in the levels of aging and education within the Jewries of these countries.
Demography: Soviet Union, the Russian Federation and other Successor States
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2009
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Jewish Women, Demography, Soviet Jewry, Censuses, Ageing and the Elderly, Emigration, Divorce, Marriage
Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data [Revised as of February 18, 2018]
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Censuses, Ageing and the Elderly, Aliyah, Emigration
Abstract: Results of the recent censuses of the FSU countries clearly demonstrated that Jewish demographic decline has transpired rather quickly in most of them. Our analysis shows that aging reached a very advanced level among all post-Soviet Jews, with the exception of those in Azerbaijan. Especially high indicators of aging were found in Belarus and St. Petersburg. Based on the data of Russian censuses we also found that low fertility persisted among the Jewish population. Germany and the USA ceased to be a major destination for ex-Soviet Jewish emigration as immigration rules became more stringent in these countries. At the same time, a severe economic crisis led to a great increase in emigration from Russia and Ukraine to Israel in recent years, whereas return migration, as seen in Russian data, reached its lowest level.
Kaddish in a Church: Perceptions of Orthodox Christianity among Moscow Elderly Jews in the Early Twenty‐First Century
Author(s): Shternshis, Anna
Date: 2007
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Christianity, Oral History and Biography, Ageing and the Elderly, Age and Generational Issues, Jewish - Christian Relations, Religious Observance and Practice
Wir haben uns als Deutsche gefühlt: Lebensrückblick und Lebenssituation jüdischer Emigranten und Lagerhäftlinge
Translated Title: We felt as German: Life review and life situation of Jewish emigrants and camp prisoners
Author(s): Kruse, Andrea; Schmitt, Eric
Date: 2000
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Holocaust Survivors, Ageing and the Elderly
Abstract: Wie setzen sich ehemalige jüdische Lagerhäftlinge und Emigranten im Alter mit ihren Erinnerungen an Deportation, Lagerhaft und Vertreibung sowie mit vielfältigen anderen Verlusten auseinander, in einer Lebensphase, in der die Intensität dieser Erinnerungen wieder deutlich zunimmt? Die Gesprächspartnerinnen und Gesprächspartner der Autoren leben heute in verschiedenen Ländern der Welt. Doch keinem ist Deutschland, seine Geschichte und Kultur gleichgültig. Auch jene, die sich entschieden haben, nie wieder nach Deutschland zurückzukehren, beschäftigen sich innerlich mit diesem Land. Ein Teil der befragten Personen ist im Alter wieder nach Deutschland zurückgekehrt. Wie haben diese Menschen versucht, sich hier wieder neu zu orientieren? Das Buch bemüht sich auf solider wissenschaftlicher Grundlage, Antworten auf diese Fragen zu geben.
In the Shadow of the Shtetl: Small-Town Jewish Life in Soviet Ukraine
Author(s): Veidlinger, Jeffrey
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Oral History and Biography, Interviews, Holocaust Survivors, Ageing and the Elderly, Memory
Abstract: The story of how the Holocaust decimated Jewish life in the shtetls of Eastern Europe is well known. Still, thousands of Jews in these small towns survived the war and returned afterward to rebuild their communities. The recollections of some 400 returnees in Ukraine provide the basis for Jeffrey Veidlinger’s reappraisal of the traditional narrative of 20th-century Jewish history. These elderly Yiddish speakers relate their memories of Jewish life in the prewar shtetl, their stories of survival during the Holocaust, and their experiences living as Jews under Communism. Despite Stalinist repressions, the Holocaust, and official antisemitism, their individual remembrances of family life, religious observance, education, and work testify to the survival of Jewish life in the shadow of the shtetl to this day.
Everything speaks: the Jewish Lithuanian experience through people, places and objects
Author(s): Woolfson, Shivaun
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Survivors, Oral History and Biography, Ethnography, Ageing and the Elderly, Memory, Artefacts and Material Culture
Abstract: Once regarded as a vibrant centre of intellectual, cultural and spiritual Jewish life, Lithuania was home to 240,000 Jews prior to the Nazi invasion of 1941. By war's end, less than 20,000 remained. Today, 4,000 Jews reside there, among them 108 survivors from the camps and ghettos and a further 70 from the Partisans and Red Army. Against a backdrop of ongoing Holocaust denial and a recent surge in anti-Semitic sentiment, this thesis presents the history and experiences of a group of elderly survivors in modern-day Vilnius through the lens of their stories and memories, their special places and their biographical objects. Incorporating interdisciplinary elements of cultural anthropology, social geography, psychology, narrative and sensory ethnography, it is informed, at its core, by an overtly spiritual approach. Drawing on the essentially Hasidic belief that everything in the material world is imbued with sacred essence and that we, as human beings, have the capacity through our actions to release that essence, it explores the points of intersection where the individual and the collective collide, illuminating how history is lived from the inside. Glimpses of the personal, typically absent from the historical record, are afforded prominence here: a bottle of perfume tucked into a pocket before fleeing the ghetto, a silent promise made beside a mass grave, a pair of shoes fashioned from parachute material in the forest. By tapping the material for meaning, a more embodied, emplaced, experiential level of knowing, deeper and richer than that achieved through traditional life history (oral testimony and written documents) methods, can emerge. In moving beyond words and gathering a bricolage of story, legend, artefact, document, monument and landscape, this research suggests a multidimensional historiography that is of particular relevance in grasping the lived reality of survivors in Lithuania where only the faintest traces of a once thriving Jewish heritage now remain.
Holocaust Legacy in Post-Soviet Lithuania People: Places and Objects
Author(s): Woolfson, Shivaun
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Survivors, Oral History and Biography, Ethnography, Ageing and the Elderly, Memory, Artefacts and Material Culture
Abstract: Once regarded as a vibrant centre of intellectual, cultural and spiritual Jewish life, Lithuania was home to 240,000 Jews prior to the Nazi invasion of 1941. By war's end, less than 20,000 remained. Today, approximately 4,000 Jews reside there, among them 108 survivors from the camps and ghettos and a further 70 from the Partisans and Red Army.

Against a backdrop of ongoing Holocaust dismissal and a recent surge in anti-Semitic sentiment, Holocaust Legacy in Post-Soviet Lithuania presents the history and experiences of a group of elderly Holocaust survivors in modern-day Vilnius. Using their stories and memories, their places of significance as well as biographical objects, Shivaun Woolfson considers the complexities surrounding Holocaust memory and legacy in a post-Soviet era Lithuania. The book also incorporates interdisciplinary elements of anthropology, psychology and ethnography, and is informed at its heart by a spiritual approach that marks it out from other more conventional historical treatments of the subject.

Holocaust Legacy in Post-Soviet Lithuania includes 20 images, comes with comprehensive online resources and weaves together story, artefact, monument and landscape to provide a multidimensional history of the Lithuanian Jewish experience during and after the Holocaust.
Elderly Swedish Jewish Men and Egalitarianism: A Narrative Study
Author(s): Punzi, Elisabeth
Date: 2015
Topics: Orthodox Judaism, Ageing and the Elderly, Interviews, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This work is based on interviews with four elderly Jewish men, members of a Swedish congregation who advocate egalitarianism. A narrative analysis found that the participants’ perception of egalitarianism was connected to their own life experiences and to emotionally significant turning points in which the participants became aware how women were excluded. They perceived egalitarianism as a reassurance for a future Jewish life and described the development and preservation of traditions as intermingled rather than as opposed to each other. Gender equality in this study should not be viewed as specifically related to younger congregants and/or women but as connected to life experiences of the individual concerned.
‘We are (not) the master of our body’: elderly Jewish women's attitudes towards euthanasia and assisted suicide
Author(s): Baeke, Goedele; Wils, Jean-Pierre; Broeckaert, Bert
Date: 2011
Topics: Elderly Care, Orthodox Judaism, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Objectives. In Belgium, dominant ideological traditions – Christianity and non-religious humanism – have the floor in debates on euthanasia and hardly any attention is paid to the practices and attitudes of ethnic and religious minorities, for instance, Jews. This article aims to meet this lacuna.

Design. Qualitative empirical research was performed in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp (Belgium) with a purposive sample of elderly Jewish (non-)Hasidic and secularised Orthodox women. In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit their attitudes towards (non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide.

Results. The research reveals diverse views among women in the community on intentionally terminating a patient's life. Absolute rejection of every act which deliberately terminates life is found among the overwhelming majority of (religiously observant) Orthodox (Hasidic and non-Hasidic) women, as they have an unconditional faith and trust in God's sovereign power over the domain of life and death. On the other hand, the views of secularised Orthodox women – mostly irreligious women, who do not consider themselves Orthodox, thus not following Jewish law, yet say they belong to the Orthodox Jewish community –show an acceptance of voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide but non-voluntary euthanasia is approached more negatively. As they perceive illness and death as merely profane facts, they stress a patient's absolute right towards self-determination, in particular with regard to one's end of life. Among non-Hasidic Orthodox respondents, more openness is found for cultivating a personal opinion which deviates from Jewish law and for the right of self-determination with regard to questions concerning life and death. In this study, these participants occupy an intermediate position.

Conclusion. Our study reveals an interplay between ethical attitudes on euthanasia and religious convictions. The image one has of a transcendental reality, or of God, has a stronger effect on one's (dis)approval of euthanasia than being (ir)religious.
Between the Red and Yellow Stars: Ethnic and Religious Identity of Soviet Jewish World War II Veterans in New York, Toronto, and Berlin
Author(s): Shternshis, Anna
Date: 2011
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Russian-Speaking Jews, Communism, Military Service, Interviews, Newspapers, Magazines and Periodicals, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
A few days after arriving in New York during the spring of 1990, Anatolii S. (born in 1920, Ukraine), put on his jacket, decorated with the numerous military medals that he had earned during his service in the Soviet Army during World War II, and went into a nearby synagogue, hoping to find out about the benefits available to him as a Jewish veteran of the war that "helped to save America from fascism." He showed his documents to the local clerk, who only gestured for him to put his hat back on and to pray with the prayer book. Unable to open the book correctly, and most importantly, unwilling to pray, Anatolii realized that neither his participation in the war, nor his knowledge of Yiddish, made him a true member of this community. Being accustomed to displays of public respect and economic benefits from his status as a war veteran, Anatolii now had to embrace his new status in a society that did not regard him any differently from any other non-English speaking, elderly Jewish immigrant from Russia.

Anatolii, like the other approximately 26,000 Soviet Jewish veterans who migrated to Germany, Israel, Canada, and the United States in the 1990s, was certainly welcome to attend synagogues and Jewish community centers in his new country, but his understanding of what it meant to be a Jew differed profoundly from the majority of members in these communities. Anatolii and his peers (Soviet veterans) regarded their participation in the war as the most important part of their Jewish identity, and they were often shocked to find out how little the war meant to the Jewish identity of the local populations they encountered. Unsatisfied with the status quo, many Soviet veterans launched their own organizations, where being Jewish and proud of Soviet accomplishments did not seem contradictory. Moreover, the definitions of "Soviet" and "Jewish" shifted, merged, and eventually formed the foundation of a specific culture, with its own leaders, traditions, rituals, and language.

In this article, I look into the modes of survival of Soviet language and ideology among veterans, and analyze what these modes tell us about the patterns of immigrant adaptation. I concentrate on three centers of veterans' activities: New York, Toronto, and Berlin, and discuss similarities and differences in the adaptations of veterans in these communities. I will discuss how the culture of each city and country influenced what the veterans select from Soviet rhetoric to describe their present lives.

The second goal of this study is to challenge existing scholarship, which treats elderly migrants as passive and apathetic. Nursing Studies and Gerontology dominate research in this area (rather than the field of immigrant studies) and as a result we know much more about cases of extreme isolation, deprivation, and depression among elderly immigrants in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Western Europe than about the contribution elderly migrants make to the social and cultural systems in their new societies. While the vulnerability of this group is undeniable, I perceive studying foreign retirees solely as victims or disadvantaged entities as an "ageism" bias which denies proper recognition and acceptance of the achievements and life experiences of the elderly, as it sees them solely through the prism of their ailing bodies. Soviet Jewish veterans, as a group, serve as an ideal case study of how elderly immigrants fight such perceptions, both consciously and subconsciously, not only by creating their own organizations, but also by establishing an awareness of their legacies in their new home countries.

Data and Methodology
This study is based on 233 in-depth interviews with Soviet veterans of World War II conducted between 1999 and 2007 in Toronto, Berlin, and New York. I used a snowball sample, where the initial respondents—located through veterans' organizations and ads placed in Russian-language media—suggested other potential interviewees. The interviews consisted of open-ended questions about respondents' experiences throughout their lives. Russian-language newspaper articles published in immigrant papers also served as useful sources for public expressions of veterans' opinions about political, cultural, and social issues in their new countries.
Social Survey for the Jewish Community Members in Zagreb Aged 65 Years and More
Author(s): Švob, Melita
Date: 2006
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Surveys, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: The initiative for Survey is given by Research and Documentation centre for
Holocaust victims and survivors in Zagreb, with support by Jewish community
Zagreb, Claims conference research funds and JOINT.
This is the second social Survey on the same population of Jewish community in
Zagreb. First survey which was realized before ten years – in 1995, had a great
success by providing with relevant data social and humanitarian work in Community,
what was important at that time, after the war in ex-Yugoslavia.
With the present research in 2005, we wish to obtain a key informant survey to
facilitate community social work, with respects to the needs of the Jewish elderly and
the implication of the aging in the Jewish community.
Objectives of the survey is to describe actual and recent situation and needs for the
elderly members of community older than 65 years, and to renew and support social
work, voluntaries actions and solidarity in the Jewish communities.
In the last ten years, between two surveys, we can perceive several mayor changes
in demographic, social, economical and health situation of the elderly, mainly
holocaust survivors:
‰ Increased proportion of elderly persons in the Jewish population in Croatia
‰ Increased proportion of persons, aged 75 years and more in the population of
elderly
‰ The rise in the number of persons aged 75 and more, increase the number of
disabled elderly
‰ Restrictions of public basic medical care and decline of public social welfare
expenditure
‰ Worsening of the economical situation and lowering standard of living
‰ Changes in the role of the Jewish family in caring for the elderly
‰ Lack of the data in community on the needs of the elderly
Holocaust Survivors in Croatia
Author(s): Švob, Melita
Topics: Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Ageing and the Elderly
Tokens of trauma: The ageing experience of Shoah survivors in a Jewish support centre.
Author(s): Kasstan, Ben
Date: 2015
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: This paper explores the traumatic memories of ageing Shoah survivors who attend a Jewish social and therapeutic support facility in London (UK). The study investigates the perceived differences in trauma within a diverse group of members who partake in the day centre. The difference in Shoah experience contextualises how survivors of ghettos and concentration camps possess a salient relationship with food, notably bread which acts as an enduring symbol of catastrophe for participants. The meanings that underlie death amongst camp survivors are evaluated, where decisions regarding the end of life stage can be interpreted as a shared experience with those who perished during the Shoah. Results exemplify how religious and cultural elements of Judaism mediate the trauma that has become thoroughly embodied for participants. survival is steeped in intersubjective acts of remembrance, offering a novel contribution to the anthropological study of genocide.
The taste of trauma: reflections of ageing Shoah survivors on food and how they (re)inscribe it with meaning
Author(s): Kasstan, Ben
Date: 2015
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Food, Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Drawing on ethnographic research in the UK’s only support facility for ageing Jewish Shoah survivors, this paper charts the ‘foodways’ in a Centre where satiety is experienced as an emotional as well as a physical need. How the experience of genocidal violence and displacement give rise to particular tastes of trauma is explored, firstly through the symbolism of bread which is metaphorically leavened with meanings and memories of survival – both in Judaism and for the survivors interviewed. Bread is positioned as a true reflection of lived experience for survivors of both ghettoes and concentration camps, who construct a specific and salient relationship with food. This illustrates the perceived difference between them and members of the Centre who escaped the Nazi regime as refugees or by the Kindertransport. Foods associated with the concentration or extermination camps are (re)inscribed with new meanings, as a steaming bowl of Polish barley soup ultimately embodies the ingredients of memory but also the recipe of survival. It can also stew the nostalgia of pre-war lives for Eastern European Jews and their recollections of the heym (Yiddish, home). Food is a conscious strategy of care in the Centre that mediates the embodied trauma of participants, and this paper draws on comparative examples to argue that refugee and survivor communities more generally may possess culturally-significant relationships with food that remain poorly understood.
Cultural Identity and Belonging in Later Life: Is Extra Care Housing an Attractive Concept to Older Jewish People Living in Britain?
Author(s): Holland, Caroline A.; Katz, Jeanne S.
Date: 2010
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Focus Groups, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: The extra care housing concept of supported independence within a caring community is one that may offer much to minority communities, particularly those with changing patterns of family care. The context for this study is a UK population which is ageing, with a relatively small but growing number of older people within religious and ethnic minority groups who have needs specific to their cultural identity in addition to those in common with the majority. In considering its need for new forms of later life accommodation, the British Jewish community is looking for models that are acceptable both in terms of specifically Jewish cultural requirements and with respect to ‘mainstream’ middle class expectations of amenity, service, and social inclusion. This article presents findings of sixteen focus groups with middle-aged and older members of Jewish communities in London and the south east of England, and reflects on their attitudes to specificity in cultural provision in extra care.
Report for Nightingale House: Data Analysis of the 2001 Census
Author(s): Graham, David
Date: 2004
Topics: Censuses, Demography, Residential Patterns, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Elderly Care
Abstract: This report aims to identify the location and circumstances of potential clientele for
Nightingale House over the next 10-15 years, as well as to highlight locations where
further qualitative research would be beneficial.
Living in Germany, Longing for Israel. The Old Jewish Immigrants from the FSU in Germany
Author(s): Elias, Nelly
Date: 2005
Topics: Immigration, Aliyah, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other
Alternde Shoah-Überlebende in einem psychosozialen Zentrum in Frankfurt am Main – Interaktionsprozesse und biographische Analysen
Translated Title: Aging Shoah survivors in a psychosocial center in Frankfurt am Main - Interaction processes and biographical analyzes
Author(s): Cunea, Janine
Date: 2017
Topics: Holocaust Survivors, Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Trauma, Psychology/Psychiatry, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der psychosozialen Betreuung von jüdischen Shoah-Überlebenden in einer Einrichtung in Frankfurt am Main. Der ZWST „Treffpunkt“ für Überlebende der Shoah und ihre Familien („Treffpunkt“) ist eine Einrichtung, die einen wichtigen Beitrag zur psychosozialen Versorgung der häufig schwer traumatisierten Überlebenden leistet. Eine Gruppe von Ärzt_innen, Psychoanalytiker_innen, Sozialpädagog_innen und Shoah-Überlebenden aus dem Raum Frankfurt am Main fand sich 2002 zusammen und gründete den ZWST „Treffpunkt“ für Überlebende der Shoah und ihre Familien (Treffpunkt), um gemeinsam die psychosoziale Betreuung von jüdischen Überlebenden der Shoah und ihrer Familien zu koordinieren und zu verbessern. Denn das bestehende Angebot reichte nicht aus. Von den sozialen Einrichtungen der jüdischen Gemeinden konnten die Überlebenden bis dahin nur teilweise erreicht werden.
Jewish familes and Jewish households: Census insights about how we live
Author(s): Graham, David; Caputo, Maria Luisa
Date: 2015
Topics: Demography, Censuses, Ageing and the Elderly, Students, Family and Household, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: An innovative study looking at UK census data through the lens of the household – or Jewish family – shows that only a quarter of all Jewish homes are comprised of the stereotypical married couple with children, and two out of three Jewish households in Britain have no children living in them at all. It further demonstrates that an estimated 17,600 Jews aged 65 or above live alone, the majority of whom are women.

The report, entitled Jewish families and Jewish households: Census insights into how we live, is the latest in a series of reports published by JPR that draw on data from the 2011 Census to understand key aspects of contemporary Jewish life in Britain. It is the most comprehensive report on these data published so far, and reveals a number of important insights, hitherto unknown.

Amongst these, it demonstrates that a third of all Jewish households have people living within them who are either not Jewish, or whose Jewish status is unclear. On the face of it, this represents little change over the decade since 2001, but close examination of the data indicate that there has been an increase in the number of Jews living with people who say they have no religion, alongside a decrease in the number of Jews living with people who have a different religion.

The report also investigates differences in household make-up between Jews and other religious and ethnic minorities, and demonstrates that Jews are far less likely than average to cohabit or to live in single parent families – a finding which indicates that the traditional Jewish family is holding up relatively well in the face of general changes in family formation habits in Britain. On the other hand, a higher proportion of Jewish households have people aged 65 or over living alone in them than British households in general, or for that matter, the households of almost every other minority group in the UK.

In addition, household data from the census provide valuable insights into the lives of students and young adults, revealing that there are more Jewish students based in Gateshead than any other city in the UK. Nottingham and Birmingham follow quite closely behind, and both Oxford and Cambridge feature among the top seven locations for Jewish students. One in five young adults aged 25-29 still live with their parents, and the proportion in that age group living alone declined by about a third between 2001 and 2011, probably due to issues around affordability.
The Health and Well-being of Jewish People Aged 65 to 85 Years Living at Home in the East End of London
Author(s): Bowling, Ann; Farquhar, Morag
Date: 1993
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Relatively little is known about what has been termed cultural gerontology, or the experience of ageing among members of particular ethnic minority groups. One of the greatest gaps in current knowledge relates to the subjective health status and use of health services among elderly people in ethnic minorities, particularly those who are Jewish. The research results reported here are from a survey of elderly people in City and Hackney, London, of whom 16% were Jewish. They show that Jewish respondents were more likely than other elderly people to report problems with emotional well-being, with mental and physical health and with functional ability (tasks of daily living). Jewish respondents were also more likely to use services, particularly health services, than other respondents. The associations with service use generally remained after health status had been controlled for.
Jewish Elderly Victims in the Former Soviet Union: Ongoing Needs and Comparison to Conditions in Europe, Israel, and the United States
Author(s): Tighe, Elizabeth; Saxe, Leonard; Chertok, Fern
Date: 2007
Topics: Ageing and the Elderly, Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Poverty
Abstract: More than sixty years since the end of the scourge of Nazism, victims of Nazi persecution are mostly elderly and are dispersed around the world, with the largest numbers living in the countries of the Former Soviet Union (FSU), as well as Israel, the United States, and Europe. Victims in the FSU are sometimes characterized as doubly victimized, having survived the Holocaust only to be subjected to the anti-Semitic policies of the Soviets post-Nazism. Further, while the Federal Republic of Germany recognized and accepted the need to provide compensation to survivors, those residing in the Eastern Bloc were left uncompensated. The present report is designed to describe the status of victims in the FSU.
Facing the Future: The Provision of Long-Term Care Facilities for Older Jewish People in the United Kingdom
Author(s): Valins, Oliver
Date: 2002
Topics: Elderly Care, Ageing and the Elderly, Strategic Planning, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: This book is a detailed examination of the services that are provided to older people by the UK Jewish community. The book begins by recounting the history of social care within Britain followed by an overview of Jewish welfare provision in the United Kingdom. The book highlights how Jewish communal providers are considered among the best in the U.K. but at the same time deal with very high expectations and demanding government legislation. The book concludes by providing recommendations on what communities and individuals should think about in terms of priorities and willingness to pay for services for older people and what kind of resources and connections can be used to improve social service provisions.
Key trends in the British Jewish community: A review of data on poverty, the elderly and children
Author(s): Abramson, Sarah; Graham, David; Boyd, Jonathan
Date: 2011
Topics: Finance, Poverty, Care and Welfare, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Ageing and the Elderly
Abstract: This report, commissioned at the request of, and sponsored by the Maurice Wohl Charitable Foundation, provides an overview of existing reliable demographic data related to three issues within the British Jewish community: poverty (including indigence and distress), the elderly (including care, welfare and support) and children (including care, welfare and support and education).
Jews in Britain: A snapshot from the 2001 Census
Author(s): Graham, David; Schmool, Marlena; Waterman, Stanley
Date: 2007
Topics: Censuses, Demography, Intermarriage, Statistics, Ageing and the Elderly, Housing, Education, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: In May 2007 JPR launched Jews in Britain: A Snapshot from the 2001 Census, which was given extensive coverage in the national and international media and the Jewish press. It laid bare the complexity of the Jewish population and demolished several popular myths: ‘the Jewish nuclear family, the homogenous Jewish household, the Jewish housewife, the married Jewish couple or the universally successful and prosperous citizen.’

Over 120 pages long, the report covers a wide range of subjects, including the nature of Jewish partnerships, intermarriage, living standards, social inequality, ethnicity, educational standards and many other demographic issues. ‘Our understanding of the British Jewish population has been revolutionized’, concluded the authors of JPR's comprehensive analysis of the data on Jews derived from answers to the first ever voluntary question on religion in the 2001 Census. ‘The results have been truly fascinating and mould-breaking.’ A debate has now been started which, JPR hopes, will provoke an extensive and much-needed examination into the nature of the Jewish community in Britain and its future needs.
The Jews of Leeds in 2001: Portrait of a community
Author(s): Waterman, Stanley
Date: 2003
Topics: Voluntary Sector, Jewish Organisations, Schools: Non-Jewish, Care and Welfare, Ageing and the Elderly, Volunteering, Surveys, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: In 1997 JPR embarked on a major and innovative research project concerning the Jewish voluntary sector (JVS). The present report, on the Leeds Jewish population, was the last publication in a series that dealt with a wide variety of issues of concern to the Jewish community. These have included studies on how the JVS is financed and governed, on the problems facing an increasingly ageing community, on issues concerning Jewish schooling, and on voluntary associations within the community.
An agenda for ageing well within the Jewish Community in the 21st century 
Date: 2012
Topics: Social Policy, Ageing and the Elderly, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: The Jewish community has twice the number of people aged over 60 compared to the general population and yet the majority of our creative energy and resources is directed towards young people. As life expectancy continues to increase every year, it becomes crucial to assess how ready the Jewish community is to cope with this ever-increasing cohort, how best it can maximise this potential resource and how it can best serve people as they age within it. 
The purpose of this report is to investigate what it is like for people as they age within the Jewish community and, taking account of our comprehensive consultation with over 450 people, make recommendations for the way forward.