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From Russia to Israel – And Back? Contemporary Transnational Russian Israeli Diaspora
Author(s): Khanin, Vladimir Ze'ev
Date: 2022
Topics: Demography, Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Israeli Expatriates, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Emigration, Diaspora, Jewish Community, Jewish Identity
Abstract: Of about a million Jews that arrived to Israel from the (former) USSR after 1989 some 12% left the country by the end of 2017. It is estimated that about a half of them left "back" for the FSU, and the rest for the USA, Canada and the Western Europe. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of this specific Jewish Israeli Diaspora group through cutting-edge approaches in the social sciences, and examines the settlement patterns of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrants, their identity, social demographic profile, reasons of emigration, their economic achievements, identification, and status vis-à-vis host Jewish and non-Jewish environment, vision of Israel, migration interests and behavior, as well as their social and community networks, elites and institutions. Vladimir Ze’ev Khanin makes a significant contribution to migration theory, academic understanding of transnational Diasporas, and sheds a new light on the identity and structure of contemporary Israeli society. The book is based on the unique statistics from Israeli and other Government sources and sociological information obtained from the author’s first of this kind on-going study of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrant communities in different regions of the world.
Эмиграция из России в Израиль: динамика потока и его составляющие в 1990 - 2023 гг.
Translated Title: Emigration from Russia to Israel: flow dynamics and its components in 1990-2023
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2023
Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Emigration
Abstract: В статье подробно анализируется численная динамика и демографическая структура наиболее многочисленного в 1990-2023 гг. миграционного потока в Израиль, который шел из России. С этой целью рассмотрено ежегодное изменение чисел мигрантов из этой страны в Израиль за этот период. Выявлены пики миграции, обусловленные событиями в стране происхождения мигрантов, пришедшиеся на 1990-1991 и 1999-2000 гг. и новый, начавшийся в 2022 г. Для нового пика миграции проанализирована динамика чисел мигрантов за отдельные месяцы с выделением среди них двух групп: прибывших в Израиль с визой репатрианта («прямая алия») и тех, кто первоначально въехали в эту страну как туристы и после того получили статус репатрианта. Оценено влияние отрицательной нетто-миграции на снижение численности еврейского населения России в 1990-2022 гг.

Проведенный анализ показал, что современная очень постаревшая структура еврейского населения в России не может обеспечить масштабную эмиграцию. Однако израильский Закон о возвращении распространяется на значительно более широкий круг лиц, имеющих еврейское происхождение и их супругов. Ежегодные данные израильской статистики показывают, что доля евреев среди иммигрантов из России падала на протяжении рассмотренного периода. Возрастная структура мигрантов из России в Израиль была близка до конца прошлого десятилетия к возрастному составу всего городского населения страны выезда, а по самым последним данным даже стала более молодой по сравнению с ним. В общем составе мигрантов на протяжении большей части анализируемого периода численно преобладали женщины, однако в последней миграционной волне по данным 2022 г. стали незначительно преобладать мужчины.
La France sans les Juifs
Translated Title: France without the Jews
Author(s): Trom, Danny
Date: 2019
Topics: Politics, Emigration, Aliyah, Main Topic: Other, Israel-Diaspora Relations
Abstract: Un nombre considérable de juifs a quitté la France dans la dernière décennie, sans que les paroles rassurantes émanant des plus hautes autorités de l’État aient pu arrêter l’hémorragie. Quant à ceux qui restent, ils ne peuvent éviter l’idée de devoir peut-être partir un jour, au regard des événements et d’un climat général dont chacun perçoit le poids.

La sociologie politique, curieusement, n’a que bien peu à dire sur un tel phénomène. Prolixe sur la question de l’immigration, elle est pratiquement muette sur le fait que la France ait pu ainsi devenir une terre d’émigration. Qu’est-il donc arrivé ? Pour le comprendre, l’invocation commode des tensions intercommunautaires et du radicalisme islamiste est bien loin de suffire. C’est une généalogie au long cours de notre situation qui est requise, une restitution des dynamiques complexes où sont intriqués, depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les juifs, l’Europe et l’État d’Israël.

De cette manière, et de cette manière seulement, l’un des points les plus sensibles du malaise politique actuel peut enfin être affronté.
Partir pour Israël: Une nouvelle migration de Juifs de France?
Translated Title: Leaving for Israel: A new migration of French Jews?
Author(s): Scioldo-Zurcher, Yann; Hily, Marie-Antoinette; Berthomiere, William
Date: 2023
Topics: Aliyah, Antisemitism, Emigration, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: La migration des Juifs de France vers Israël, longtemps ignorée par les pouvoirs publics, interroge aujourd’hui la société française. Les départs devenus conséquents au tournant du XXIe siècle rappellent la constance de l’antisémitisme et disent la crainte d’une population fragilisée par les incivilités, les meurtres et les attentats. Dans le même temps, l’alya (immigration des Juifs en Israël) relève aussi de dynamiques migratoires anciennes, de pratiques de circulations internationales et de politiques d’appel organisées par l’État d’Israël pour répondre à ses besoins démographiques et économiques.

Prise entre des pratiques migratoires de temps long et des commentaires soulignant le poids des appartenances nationales, du conflit israélo-palestinien et d’une actualité anxiogène, l’alya de France demande cependant à être comprise dans ses processus, ses encadrements institutionnels et les justifications que les individus donnent de l’acte de partir.

Laissant une place importante à l’expérience migratoire, ce livre étudie cette migration dans sa dimension historique, géographique et sociologique. À partir d’archives israéliennes inédites, de données cartographiques originales et d’enquêtes de terrain, il donne des clefs de compréhension d’un phénomène très médiatisé mais toujours lu au prisme d’enjeux politiques et symboliques.
Jewish migration today: What it may mean for Europe
Author(s): Staetsky, Daniel
Date: 2023
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Aliyah, Immigration, Emigration, Migration, Refugees
Abstract: In this report:
We look into Jewish migration from 15 European countries - representing 94% of Jews living in Europe - comparing data from recent years to previous periods over the last century, and focusing on the signal that the current levels of Jewish migration from Europe send about the political realities perceived and experienced by European Jews.

Some of the key findings in this report:

Peak periods of Jewish migration in the past century – from Germany in the 1930s, North Africa in the 1960s and the Former Soviet Union in the 1990s, saw 50%-75% of national Jewish populations migrate in no more than a decade;
No European Jewish population has shown signs of migration at anywhere near that level for several decades, although recent patterns from Russia and Ukraine point to that possibility over the coming years;
France, Belgium, Italy and Spain saw strong surges in Jewish emigration in the first half of the 2010s, which declined subsequently, but not as far as pre-surge levels;
However, the higher levels of migration measured in these counties during the last decade have not reached the critical values indicating any serious Jewish ‘exodus’ from them;
For Russian and Ukrainian Jews, 2022 was a watershed year: if migration from these countries continues for seven years at the levels seen in 2022 and early 2023, 80%-90% of the 2021 Jewish population of Ukraine and 50%-60% of the 2021 Jewish population of Russia will have emigrated;
Jewish emigration from the UK, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria and Denmark has mainly been stable or declining since the mid-1980s;
In Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands, there has been some decline in Jewish migration over the observed period, with migration eventually settling at a new, lower level.
30 Лет Большой Алии: Статистический Анализ Перемен (третье Издание)
Translated Title: "30 Years of the Great Aliya: A Statistical Analysis of Changes (Third edition)
Author(s): Konstantinov, Viacheslav
Date: 2017
Topics: Demography, Aliyah, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Настоящая книга представляет собой продолжение двух предыдущих изданий: "20 лет Большой алии" (2013) и “Четверть века Большой алии” (2017) и посвящена дальнейшим изменениям, которые претерпела еврейская русскоязычная община в Израиле. Наш анализ охватывает период с начала 1990-х годов до настоящего времени, и включает динамику общей численности репатриантов по республикам исхода, их расселение по городам и регионам Израиля, демографические аспекты, владение ивритом и англий-ским языком, компьютерную грамотность, армейскую/национальную службу, образова-ние (как взрослого населения, так и детей и молодежи). Особое внимание уделяется профессиональному трудоустройству репатриантов, и в частности, специалистов с выс-шим образованием. Рассматриваются также изменения в экономическом положении ре-патриантов, их состояние здоровья, а также общая удовлетворенность жизнью в Изра-иле, отношение к различным общественным институтам и уровень религиозности. По сравнению с предыдущим изданием, данные уточнены в соответствии с новыми источ-никами и с учетом тенденций последних лет.

Данные по репатриантам сопоставляются со всем еврейским населением Израиля, а по возможности – с еврейскими иммигрантами из бывшего СССР в США и Германии.
Книга предназначена для демографов, социологов, специалистов, занятых проблемами интеграции репатриантов в различных сферах и всех интересующихся данной пробле-мой.
Израильтяне в постсоветских странах: «профессионалы», «маргиналы» и другие
Translated Title: Israelis in Post-Soviet Countries: “Professionals,” “Marginals,” and Others
Author(s): Ханин, ВладиМир (Зеэв)
Date: 2022
Topics: Demography, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Work
Abstract: В последние 20–25 лет список стран, которые стали адресом эмиграции израильтян, пополнили и страны бывшего СССР, где по разным оценкам проживает от 45 до 70 тысяч таких лиц. Причем более 90 % из них составляют уроженцы постсоветского пространства, включающие, в свою очередь, как тех, кто переселился в Россию и другие страны бывшего СССР (либо живут на две или более стран), имея достаточно значимый опыт жизни в Израиле, так и так называемых «дарконников» — тех, которые взяли израильский заграничный паспорт (даркон), никогда реально в Израиле не живя. Анализируя данные официальной статистики и результаты опросов этих групп, проведенных с участием автора в 2009–2019/20 годах, представляется возможным констатировать, что ядром первой группы являются лица, мотивированные надеждами полнее реализовать свои профессиональные и деловые возможности в столичных и иных крупных индустриальных и культурных центрах бывшего СССР. К тому же профессионально-поведенческому типу принадлежит и основная масса «дарконников», главная причина чьей «отложенной» реальной репатриации связана с опасением потери наработанного профессионального статуса и привычного уровня жизни. Представители групп, которые перебрались или вернулись в регион первого исхода, мотивированные иными причинами, занимают в структуре разнородного сообщества «израильтян в бывшем СССР» в целом маргинальное положение. Как следствие, существенное ухудшение экономической ситуации и деловой конъюнктуры могут заставить израильтян, живущих в СНГ, вновь перебраться в Израиль — что сегодня частично и происходит.
Russian Food Stores as Transnational Enclave? Coping with the Reality of Immigration in Israel and Germany
Author(s): Bernstein, Julia
Editor(s): Engel, Gisela; Scholz, Susanne
Date: 2008
Topics: Food, Immigration, Aliyah, Main Topic: Other, National Identity, Russian-Speaking Jews
Alija von Schweizer Jüdinnen und Juden nach Israel
Translated Title: Aliyah of Swiss Jews to Israel
Author(s): Bossert, Sabina
Editor(s): Picard, Jacques; Gerson, Daniel
Date: 2014
Topics: Aliyah, Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
From Les Petites Jérusalems to Jerusalem: North African Postcolonial Racialization and Orthodoxy
Author(s): Everett, Samuel Sami
Date: 2022
Topics: Aliyah, Baal Teshuvah, Hassidim, North African Jewry, Orthodox Judaism, Main Topic: Other, Jewish - Muslim Relations
Abstract: In this paper I engage with identification to North Africa within the return to religion (teshuvah and Aliyah) for the Banlieusard (Parisian suburb-dweller) turned Breslover, Shmuel Benisrah. Through a close analysis of Shmuel Benisrah's trajectory—from Garges, greater Paris, to Jerusalem and from Arab Jew to Breslover—I seek to add complexity to the category of contemporary French Breslov Orthodoxy by revealing its close relationship to and increasing abstraction from postcolonial Maghribi (North African) identification and an intergenerational feeling of social alienation from French national cultural and secular norms. My observations show the power of religious praxis and its importance to new and politicized forms of Breslover community formation in Jerusalem. These community formations include perceived tensions between French Jewish and Muslim groups of North African descent in France and their manifestation in Jerusalem.
Возвращенцы Или Эмигранты: Социо Aнтропологический Анализ "русских" Израильтян В Одессе
Translated Title: Returnees Or Emigrants: A Socio Anthropological Analysis of "Russian" Israelis in Odessa
Author(s): Саприцкая, Марина
Date: 2013
Topics: Aliyah, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Israeli Expatriates, Immigration, Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: This article explores the recent trend of return migration from Israel to countries of the former Soviet Union. The author analyses the current debates on the subject and, based on ethnographic fieldwork in Odessa, Ukraine conducted in 2005-2007, delves into the everyday experiences of «Russian» Israelis who have resettled in Odessa for personal and professional reasons. It focuses on their reasons for relocation and experiences of settling in their old/new environments, specifically their relationship to organized Jewish life and a sense of belonging. It argues that most returnees do not envision their relocation as a permanent decision and many do return to Israel or travel back and forth. In Odessa their experiences and connections to local Jewish life vary but for the most part returnees are concerned with improving their standard of living and see their relocation as a means of achieving that goal. It is too early to understand the full scope of «Russian» Israeli presence in the FSU, but we can already see that their future moves will most likely be determined by the personal and professional opportunities they encounter and family circumstances they face. The transnational orientations and open-ended journeys of «Russian» Israelis in Odessa complicate concepts of «Home» and «Diaspora» often applied to Israel and the Jewish people. On the one hand, leaving Israel constitutes Odessa as home; on the other hand, strong ties to Israel, displayed among many returnees, speak of Israel as a place of belonging. And yet other cases point to other realities where Russian Israelis explore other options or remain on the move. Placing the material in the wider context of Diaspora studies the author argues that «Home» and «Diaspora» are not fixed categories and can no longer be seen in a simplified manner of ideological constants.
From Russia to Israel – And Back? Contemporary Transnational Russian Israeli Diaspora
Author(s): Khanin, Vladimir Zeev
Date: 2021
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Diaspora, Israeli Expatriates, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: Of about a million Jews that arrived to Israel from the (former) USSR after 1989 some 12% left the country by the end of 2017. It is estimated that about a half of them left "back" for the FSU, and the rest for the USA, Canada and the Western Europe. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of this specific Jewish Israeli Diaspora group through cutting-edge approaches in the social sciences, and examines the settlement patterns of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrants, their identity, social demographic profile, reasons of emigration, their economic achievements, identification, and status vis-à-vis host Jewish and non-Jewish environment, vision of Israel, migration interests and behavior, as well as their social and community networks, elites and institutions. Vladimir Ze’ev Khanin makes a significant contribution to migration theory, academic understanding of transnational Diasporas, and sheds a new light on the identity and structure of contemporary Israeli society. The book is based on the unique statistics from Israeli and other Government sources and sociological information obtained from the author’s first of this kind on-going study of Israeli Russian-speaking emigrant communities in different regions of the world.
Soviet Jews and the Future of the Global Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Shneer, David
Editor(s): Diner, Hasia R.
Date: 2021
Topics: Diaspora, Soviet Jewry, Russian-Speaking Jews, Aliyah, Immigration, Main Topic: Other
Native Land, Promised Land, Golden Land: Jewish Emigration from Russia and Ukraine
Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Date: 1998
Topics: Emigration, Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration
To Flee or Not to Flee: Is That the Question?
Author(s): Klug, Brian
Date: 2016
Topics: Aliyah, Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Muslim, Emigration, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Terrorism
Abstract: This article examines the two deadly attacks in Paris on 7 and 9 January 2015 from an angle of interest in which they impinge upon Jews as Jews. Specifically, it homes in on a question that was triggered by the attacks: Is it time for the Jews of Europe to depart en masse? The facts alone cannot explain why the Paris attacks triggered this question. There is, in the first place, a larger empirical context. More fundamentally, there is a powerful narrative context that places the present and the future by reference to the Nazi Holocaust and ultimately the biblical story of the exodus. This stock narrative not only gives rise to the wrong question—to flee or not to flee—but makes it impossible to engage in ‘thinking in the world’: the kind of thinking that generates the right questions regarding the Jewish future.
Глобальная Демография Постсоветской Еврейской Диаспоры
Translated Title: The Global Demography of the Post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Тольц, Марк
Date: 2011
Topics: Demography, Immigration, Aliyah, Diaspora, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This article is a study of the population dynamics of the post-Soviet Jewish diaspora based on the various statistical sources collected from the many countries where these Jews live. It examines (post-) Soviet Jewish resettlement, and analyzes the annual volume of migration streams to the three main destinations - Israel, the USA and Germany. The findings clearly show the decisive role of the push factor in this migration movement. A very large differentiation in age structure of the migrants to their three main destinations was found which points to many sizable discrepancies in adaptation processes in these receiving countries, and different prospects for future development of these segments of the contemporary post-Soviet Jewish diaspora. Out-migration from Israel of FSU immigrants was studied based on official Israeli data and statistics of FSU countries. According to our findings based on recent data, emigration from Israel is largely dependent on the dynamics of the country's business cycle. Finally, an update for 2010 of the number of «core» Jews (by self-identification) originating from the FSU was presented by country, and the total number of people belonging to the post-Soviet Jewish diaspora worldwide and their distribution was estimated.
Российские Евреи В Системе Транснациональных Связей
Translated Title: Russian Jews in the System of Transnational Relations
Author(s): Носенко - Штейн, Е.Э.
Date: 2018
Topics: Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Other, Diaspora, Diaspora Relations, Aliyah, Integration, Immigration
Abstract: В статье рассматриваются некоторые понятия и термины, связанные с такими явлениями, как миграции, диаспора, постсоветские диаспоры, транснациональные сообщества. Опираясь на различные социологические исследования, автор доказывает, что современные российские евреи не являются классической диаспорой, а также так называемой «новой еврейской диаспорой». В настоящее время они представляют часть русскоязычного транснационального сообщества, базирующегося на системе различных связей. В то же время автор подчеркивает, что такое сообщество имеет временный характер, поскольку иммигранты во втором и третьем поколении все более полно интегрируются в принимающих обществах, в том числе в израильском.
Russian Food Stores and their Meaning for Jewish Migrants in Germany and Israel: Honor and ‘Nostalgia ’
Author(s): Bernstein, Julia
Editor(s): Glöckner, Olaf; Fireberg, Haim
Date: 2015
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Community, Jewish Identity, Immigration, Food, Aliyah
Putin’s Hybrid War and the Jews: Antisemitism, Propaganda, and the Displacement of Ukrainian Jewry
Author(s): Sokol, Sam
Date: 2019
Topics: Antisemitism, Refugees, Main Topic: Other, Conflict, Aliyah
Abstract: Drawn from journalist Sam Sokol’s experiences covering the Ukraine Crisis, Putin’s Hybrid War and the Jews chronicles the collapse of Jewish life in the regions of eastern Ukraine occupied by Russian-backed separatist militias in 2014 and the subsequent refugee crisis that saw more than 32,000 Ukrainians flee to Israel. Based on extensive interviews and told through the eyes of refugees, politicians, soldiers, and aid workers, this book is a rich account of both the ravages of armed conflict and the Kremlin’s attempts to weaponize antisemitism as part of its hybrid war against Ukraine.
Jews in Europe at the turn of the Millennium: Population trends and estimates
Author(s): DellaPergola, Sergio; Staetsky, L. Daniel
Date: 2020
Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, European Union, Aliyah, Emigration, Immigration, Israeli Expatriates, Intermarriage
Abstract: This detailed and thorough report is rapidly becoming the ‘must-read’ study on European Jews, taking the reader on an extraordinary journey through one thousand years of European Jewish history before arriving at the most comprehensive analysis of European Jewish demography today.

Written by leading Jewish demographers Professor Sergio DellaPergola and Dr Daniel Staetsky, the Chair and Director of JPR’s European Jewish Demography Unit respectively, it explores how the European Jewish population has ebbed and flowed over time. It begins as far back as the twelfth century, travelling through many years of population stability, until the tremendous growth of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, followed by the dramatic decline prompted by a combination of mass migration and the horrors of the Shoah. Extraordinarily, after all this time, the proportion of world Jewry living in Europe today is almost identical to the proportion living in Europe 900 years ago.

Using multiple definitions of Jewishness and a vast array of sources to determine the size of the contemporary population, the study proceeds to measure it in multiple ways, looking at the major blocs of the European Union and the European countries of the Former Soviet Union, as well as providing country-by-country analyses, ranging from major centres such as France, the UK, Germany and Hungary, to tiny territories such as Gibraltar, Monaco and even the Holy See.

The report also contains the most up-to-date analysis we have on the key mechanisms of demographic change in Europe, touching variously on patterns of migration in and out of Europe, fertility, intermarriage, conversion and age compositions. While the report itself is a fascinating and important read, the underlying data are essential tools for the JPR team to utilise as it supports Jewish organisations across the continent to plan for the future.
Altérité "chez soi" : la migration et l'intégration des Juifs français en Israël cette dernière décennie
Translated Title: Otherness "at home": the migration and integration of French Jews in Israel over the past decade
Author(s): Raviv, Noga
Topics: Aliyah, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Malgré la conception du « retour » caractérisant l‟installation des Juifs français en Israël, leur intégration
requière une réelle adaptation. Leurs divergences avec la société d‟accueil les ont même menés ces dernières
années à rechercher un « entre-soi », qu‟ils avaient pour la plupart déjà développé en France. Cette
« diaspora » en Israël leur a permis de se rassembler autour d‟une condition similaire, dans un attachement
fort à leur double appartenance. Ils ont recréé ainsi une « identité collective déterritorialisée » (Martiniello,
2007), au croisement identitaire entre leur pays d‟accueil et d‟origine. Cette « nationalité portable »
(Anderson, 1996) rompt en quelque sorte avec la vision traditionnelle reliant la diaspora et Israël dans
l‟imaginaire juif. Dans un contexte d‟hyper-mobilité et de pluri-appartenance, la différence entre les Juifs
d‟Israël et ceux de la diaspora pourrait se révéler davantage par les références identitaires que par le lieu de
résidence.
“Juifs“ en France et “Français“ en Israël : la construction identitaire au miroir de l’autre
Translated Title: Jews“ in France and “French“ in Israel : Construction of the identity in the mirror of the other
Author(s): Raviv, Noga
Date: 2012
Topics: Aliyah, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: La montée des revendications identitaires et l’affaiblissement de l’unité républicaine ont transformé le lien diasporique millénaire des juifs français envers Israël. Dans un contexte de pluri-appartenance et d’hyper-mobilité, leur identification semble même aboutir à un fort amalgame identitaire entre juifs et Israéliens, que l’importation du conflit israélo-arabe en France n’a fait qu’entériner. Percevant une trop grande différence face à la société majoritaire, nombre d’entre eux ont fait le choix du repli identitaire, voire même pour certains de migrer vers leur pays d’identification. Or, malgré la conception du retour qui caractérise leur installation en Israël, cette démarche nécessite une acclimatation à la société d’accueil. Cette double altérité mène à une recherche d’un entre-soi, que la plupart de ces migrants avait déjà développé en France. Ainsi, dans la confrontation à l’“autre’’, ils maintiennent une position communautaire, quel que soit leur pays de résidence.
L’Aliyah des Juifs français: Recherche sur les causes d’un phénomène en augmentation depuis 2013
Author(s): Laithier, Stéphanie
Date: 2015
Topics: Aliyah, Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Rapport commandé par le Bureau Central des Cultes du ministère de l’Intérieur
Jews in Russia and Russians in Israel
Author(s): Fedorova, Marina
Editor(s): Biagioli, Mario; Lépinay, Vincent Antonin
Date: 2019
Topics: Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration
Reversed Diaspora: Russian Jewry, the Transition in Russia and the Migration to Israel
Author(s): Trier, Tom
Date: 1996
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Emigration, Jewish Identity, Post-1989, Diaspora
Immigration to Israel among the Professional Class: A Case Study of Legal and Medical Professionals among the Jews of France
Author(s): Cohen, Erik H.
Editor(s): Rebhun, Uzi; Lederhendler, Eli
Date: 2015
Topics: Aliyah, Employment, Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
«Земля обетованная»: реформистский иудаизм в России и Государство Израильская академия наук
Translated Title: Promised Land: Reform Judaism in Russia and State of Israel
Author(s): Носенко - Штейн, Е.Э.
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Reform/Liberal/Progressive Judaism, Demography, Emigration, Aliyah, Attitudes to Israel
Abstract: В статье рассматраиваются некоторые особенности реформистского иудаизма в современной России: социодемографические и социокультурные характеристики общины, а также отношение российских последователей реформистского иудаизма к Государству Израиль и перспективам эмиграции.
A Half Century of Jewish Emigration from the Former Soviet Union
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Emigration, Aliyah, Russian-Speaking Jews
Le début d'une grande alyah? Les Juifs de France « montés » en Israël depuis 2000
Translated Title: Starting Point of a Major Alyah?: On French Jews Who Emigrated to Israel after 2000
Author(s): Sebbane, Jérémy
Date: 2008
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Emigration, Antisemitism
Abstract: With the upsurge in anti-Semitic actions in France and the murderous conflicts in the Middle East linked to the second intifada, the number of French migrants to Israel clearly increased between 2000 and 2006. The reason for this increase may be anxiety on the part of French Jews over the lack of concern among French administrative services and the media in response to the rise of anti-Jewish demonstrations. However, we should not overlook the fact that the Israeli administration and the Jewish Agency unceasingly encouraged the greatest possible number of Jews to settle in Israel so as to overcome the country’s demographic problems. Whether a deliberate choice or one due to fear, the migrants who idealized Israel were disappointed because of the hardships linked to integration.
Les jours du Messie
Translated Title: The days of the Messiah
Author(s): Podselver, Laurence
Editor(s): Aubin-Boltanski, Emma; Gautier, Claude
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Aliyah, Baal Teshuvah, Chabad-Lubavitch
East European Jewish migration: inside and outside
Author(s): Dekel-Chen, Jonathan
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Emigration, Aliyah, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This introductory article provides an overview of modern Jewish migration from Eastern Europe. It engages the foundational historiography of the field and explores intersections of Jewish migration with general migration theory. In addition to framing the six articles in this special collection, this essay presents longue durée factors linking today's post-Soviet diaspora communities on three continents with social and political trends beginning in the late nineteenth century and during the interwar period and postwar periods.
Choosing One or Being Both: The Identity Dilemmas of Russian-Jewish Mixed Ethnics Living in Russia and in Israel
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Intermarriage, Migration, Aliyah, Integration, Interviews
Abstract: A large share of Russian/Soviet Jews, especially among younger cohorts, are descendants of intermarriage. In this essay, I reflect on the implications of the built-in ambivalence of these mixed ethnics, comparing their identity qualms and social strategies in their native Russia and after migration to Israel. My analysis draws upon participant observation and interviews conducted in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and across Israel over the last 20 years. My theoretical anchors are recent discussions on the evolving nature of Jewish identity, formed at the intersection of religion, ethnicity, and culture, in the context of ongoing intermarriage and assimilation. The comparison between the (ex-)Soviet and Israeli context underscores the role of local social constructions of ethno-religious belonging, nationalism, and citizenship as synergistic forces in shaping social locations of mixed ethnics. It also sheds light on the tactics of adjustment and “passing” among individuals with ambivalent ethnic identities who experience rapid social transformation or migration.
A new exodus? Explaining Jewish migration from Europe after the Cold War
Author(s): Siegel, Scott N.
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Emigration, Aliyah
Abstract: Why are European Jews migrating to Israel in significant numbers? Israeli leaders and popular press reports suggest that incidents of antisemitism have reached such high levels across Europe, even in fully democratic countries, that Jews are leaving once again to escape persecution and violence. Others suggest that Jews are migrating for the same reasons other migrants do: for greater economic opportunity. Until now, we have had no way of weighing the relative merit of these claims, hampered by the absence of reliable comparative data on antisemitism in Europe. Leveraging a new dataset compiled by the author, this study tests these competing hypotheses and finds that European Jews migrate because of greater economic opportunity in Israel. While concerns about antisemitism in Europe are at record highs and more Jews are considering moving to Israel than ever before in the post-war era, so far most Jewish migration is to take advantage of better economic opportunities in Israel.
The emigration intentions of Russian Jews: the role of socio-demographic variables, social networks, and satisfaction with life
Author(s): Tartakovsky, Eugene; Patrakov, Eduard; Nikulina, Marina
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Emigration, Demography, Surveys
Abstract: The present study investigated the role of socio-demographic characteristics, social networks, and satisfaction with various aspects of life in predicting the emigration intentions of Jews living in Russia. The study’s subjects consisted of Jews and their relatives eligible for immigration to Israel under the Israeli Law of Return. The study’s participants (n = 824) lived in five metropolitan areas. Socio-demographic characteristics, social networks, and satisfaction with life in Russia together explained 23% of the variance in emigration intentions among Russian Jews. Specifically, stronger emigration intentions were associated with a younger age, a smaller number of Jewish ancestors, a lower level of religiosity, a smaller number of Russian friends, a larger number of friends living abroad, a lower level of psychological well-being, and dissatisfaction with the education and healthcare systems in Russia. In addition, Jews living in Moscow and St. Petersburg expressed stronger emigration intentions than Jews living in other cities in Russia.
The long silent revolution: capturing the life stories of Soviet-Jewish migrants to the West, 1970–2010
Author(s): Kobrin, Rebecca A.; Oppenheim, Jay
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Aliyah, Oral History and Biography
Abstract: How can the prism of self-reflection help scholars see the mass exodus of Jews from the Soviet Union and its successor states in new ways? This article discusses the first effort to collect the life stories of the 1.6 million Jews and their non-Jewish relatives who left the former Soviet Union between 1970 and 2000. Believing that autobiographical essays elicits a unique perspective on Russian Jewish migration that would otherwise not be known, the authors set out to collect autobiographical materials from members of this last wave of Russian-Jewish migration through autobiography contests modeled after contests run by Max Weinreich and the YIVO Institute in the early twentieth century. Through its discussion of the two winning autobiographies collected through the contests, the article demonstrates why the full social scientific study of the role Russian Jewish migrants played in shaping Jewish history needs to pay heed to the voices and stories of regular migrants
Demographic Trends among the Jews of the Former Soviet Union
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2003
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Aliyah, Emigration, Censuses
Abstract: This analysis has revealed the important role of the negative vital balance in Jewish demographic decline in the Russian Federation and the FSU as a whole (see Tables 5 and 6). At the same time, the birth dynamics show that the Jews and their relatives who emigrated to Israel escaped the dramatic fertility reduction which was characteristic of the FSU population as a whole and the Jews in particula
Aliya from the Russian Federation: An Analysis of Recent Data
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2002
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Emigration, Economy, Poverty
Abstract: Emigration from the Russian Federation to Israel is examined by region of origin and in relation to the socioeconomic situation. Detailed monthly data on migration in the period before and after the financial crash of 1998 are discussed. Finally, the severe vital crisis of Russia’s Jewry and its consequences for the prospects of emigration to Israel are studied.
Post-Soviet Jewish Demography, 1989-2004
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Gitelman, Zvi; Ro'i, Yaakov
Date: 2007
Topics: Soviet Jewry, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Censuses, Migration, Aliyah
Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data [Revised as of February 18, 2018]
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Censuses, Ageing and the Elderly, Aliyah, Emigration
Abstract: Results of the recent censuses of the FSU countries clearly demonstrated that Jewish demographic decline has transpired rather quickly in most of them. Our analysis shows that aging reached a very advanced level among all post-Soviet Jews, with the exception of those in Azerbaijan. Especially high indicators of aging were found in Belarus and St. Petersburg. Based on the data of Russian censuses we also found that low fertility persisted among the Jewish population. Germany and the USA ceased to be a major destination for ex-Soviet Jewish emigration as immigration rules became more stringent in these countries. At the same time, a severe economic crisis led to a great increase in emigration from Russia and Ukraine to Israel in recent years, whereas return migration, as seen in Russian data, reached its lowest level.
Четверть века Большой алии: статистический анализ перемен (второе издание)
Translated Title: A Quarter Century of the Great Aliya: A Statistical Analysis of Changes (second edition)
Author(s): Konstantinov, Viacheslav
Date: 2017
Topics: Demography, Aliyah, Immigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Настоящая книга представляет собой второе издание (исправленное и дополненное) книги автора "20 лет Большой алии: статистический анализ перемен", вышедшей в 2013 году, которая, в свою очередь, явилась логическим продолжением предыдущей книги автора “Еврейское население бывшего СССР в ХХ веке (социально- демографический анализ)”. Если первая книга автора была посвящена развитию со- ветского еврейства в стране исхода, то нынешняя – тем изменениям, которые претер- пела еврейская русскоязычная община в Израиле, где сейчас проживает ее бóльшая часть. Наш анализ охватывает период с начала 1990-х годов до настоящего времени, и включает динамику общей численности репатриантов по республикам исхода, их расселение по городам и регионам Израиля, демографические аспекты, образование (как взрослого населения, так и детей и молодежи), владение ивритом и английским языком, компьютерную грамотность, армейскую/национальную службу. Особое внима- ние уделяется профессиональному трудоустройству репатриантов, и в частности, специалистов с высшим образованием. Рассматриваются также изменения в эконо- мическом положении репатриантов, их состояние здоровья, а также общая удовлетво- ренность жизнью в Израиле, национальное самосознание, традиции и ценности. По сравнению с предыдущим изданием, данные уточнены в соответствии с новыми ис- точниками и с учетом тенденций последних лет. Данные по репатриантам сопоставляются со всем еврейским населением Израиля, а по возможности – с еврейскими иммигрантами из бывшего СССР в США и Германии. Книга предназначена для демографов, социологов, специалистов, занятых проблема- ми интеграции репатриантов в различных сферах и всех интересующихся данной про- блемой.
Generation 1.5 of Russian-speaking immigrants in Israel and in Germany: An overview of recent research and a German pilot study
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Editor(s): Isurin, Ludmilla; Riehl, Claudia Maria
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Russian-Speaking Jews, Integration, Immigration, Age and Generational Issues, Discrimination, Interviews
Abstract: This chapter offers a comparative overview of immigrant trajectories and inte-gration outcomes of Russian-Jewish youths (the so-called 1.5 generation) who immigrated to Israel and Germany with their families over the last 25 years. At the outset, I compare Israeli and German reception contexts and policies and present the generic features of the 1.5 immigrant generation. Next I overview the Israeli research findings on Russian Israeli 1.5ers – their schooling, social mobility, cultural and linguistic practices, parents’ role in their integration, and juxtapose them with (still limited) German data. 󰀀e final section presents two recent German studies of young Russian-Jewish adults and the initial findings from my own study among these immigrants living in four German cities. My interviews with 20 men and women, mostly successful professionals or entrepreneurs, indicate that their upward social mobility was facilitated by the continuous welfare support of their families, school integration programs, and low financial barriers to higher education. Despite common occupation-al and social downgrading of the parental generation in both countries, the 1.5-ers in Israel had to struggle harder to overcome their inherent immigrant disadvantage vs. native peers to access good schools and professional careers. Most young immigrants deem full assimilation in the host country’s main-stream unattainable and opt instead for a bilingual and/or bicultural strategy of integration
The Interrelationship between Emigration and the Socio-Demographic Profile of Russian Jewry
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Lewin-Epstein, Noah; Ritterband, Paul; Ro'i, Yaakov
Date: 1997
Topics: Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Emigration, Aliyah, Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Open Gates: The Story Behind the Mass Immigration to Israel from the Soviet Union and Its Successor States
Author(s): Gurevitz, Baruch
Date: 1996
Topics: Aliyah, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Soviet Jewry, Russian Emigration
Mixed Marriage and Post-Soviet Aliyah
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2005
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Intermarriage, Demography, Aliyah
Abstract: This paper is a study of the incidence of mixed marriage in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and the role of demographic peculiarities of the Jewish marriage market in the spread of mixed marriage. Special attention was paid to the offspring of mixed couples and their ethnic affiliation. The relatively high proportion of non-Jews in the migration movement to Israel (aliyah) from the FSU as a consequence of mixed marriage was also examined.
The Post-Soviet Jewish Emigration
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2001
Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Emigration
Abstract: A new stage in the demography of (post-) Soviet Jewry began in 1989 when mass emigration of the
Jews from the former Soviet Union (FSU) dramatically exacerbated the already unfavorable population
dynamics. During this period, emigration became the main reason for the rapid demographic decline of FSU
Jewry. Most of this movement was directed toward Israel, a very unusual north-to-south geographical
direction, whereas the rest was divided mostly between the US and Germany. Based on the statistics of FSU
countries, as well as statistics of countries of destination, we can develop a rather detailed pic ture of the
Jewish recent mass emigration and population decline.
Demography of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2011
Topics: Aliyah, Demography, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Diaspora, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract:

This paper is a study of the demography of the contemporary post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora based on various statistical sources collected from many countries where these Jews live. It examines (post-) Soviet Jewish resettlement, and the demographic transformation of FSU Jews in the wake of the recent mass migration, especially in Israel. Based on this analysis, an update for 2010 of the number of the 'core' Jews (by self-identity) originating from the FSU by country was presented, and the total number of people belonging to the post-Soviet Jewish Diaspora worldwide and their distribution was estimated.
Евреи на постсоветском пространстве: новые демографические данные
Translated Title: Post-Soviet Jewish Demographic Dynamics: An Analysis of Recent Data
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2016
Topics: Demography, Aliyah, Russian Emigration, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: В статье на основе новых данных представлена динамика численности евреев в постсоветских странах, их столицах и отдельных частях Российской Федерации. Проанализированы некоторые основные демографические характеристики еврейского населения – его возрастная структура и уровень рождаемости. Рассмотрены перемены в направлениях современной миграции. При этом особое внимание уделено наиболее многочисленному потоку из России в Израиль, а также возвратной миграции в Россию.
The New Jewish Diaspora: Russian-Speaking Immigrants in the United States, Israel, and Germany
Editor(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Date: 2016
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Aliyah, Diaspora, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: In 1900 over five million Jews lived in the Russian empire; today, there are four times as many Russian-speaking Jews residing outside the former Soviet Union than there are in that region. The New Jewish Diaspora is the first English-language study of the Russian-speaking Jewish diaspora. This migration has made deep marks on the social, cultural, and political terrain of many countries, in particular the United States, Israel, and Germany. The contributors examine the varied ways these immigrants have adapted to new environments, while identifying the common cultural bonds that continue to unite them.

Assembling an international array of experts on the Soviet and post-Soviet Jewish diaspora, the book makes room for a wide range of scholarly approaches, allowing readers to appreciate the significance of this migration from many different angles. Some chapters offer data-driven analyses that seek to quantify the impact Russian-speaking Jewish populations are making in their adoptive countries and their adaptations there. Others take a more ethnographic approach, using interviews and observations to determine how these immigrants integrate their old traditions and affiliations into their new identities. Further chapters examine how, despite the oceans separating them, members of this diaspora form imagined communities within cyberspace and through literature, enabling them to keep their shared culture alive.

Above all, the scholars in The New Jewish Diaspora place the migration of Russian-speaking Jews in its historical and social contexts, showing where it fits within the larger historic saga of the Jewish diaspora, exploring its dynamic engagement with the contemporary world, and pointing to future paths these immigrants and their descendants might follow.

Introduction: Homelands, Diasporas, and the Islands in Between
Zvi Gitelman
Part I Demography: Who Are the Migrants and Where Have They Gone?
Chapter 1 Demography of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora
Mark Tolts
Chapter 2 The Russian-Speaking Israeli Diaspora in the FSU, Europe, and North America: Jewish Identification and Attachment to Israel
Uzi Rebhun
Chapter 3 Home in the Diaspora? Jewish Returnees and Transmigrants in Ukraine
Marina Sapritsky
Part II Transnationalism and Diasporas
Chapter 4 Rethinking Boundaries in the Jewish Diaspora from the FSU
Jonathan Dekel-Chen
Chapter 5 Diaspora from the Inside Out: Litvaks in Lithuania Today
Hannah Pollin-Galay
Chapter 6 Russian-Speaking Jews and Israeli Emigrants in the United States: A Comparison of Migrant Populations
Steven J. Gold
Part III Political and Economic Change
Chapter 7 Political Newborns: Immigrants in Israel and Germany
Olena Bagno-Moldavski
Chapter 8 The Move from Russia/the Soviet Union to Israel: A Transformation of Jewish Culture and Identity
Yaacov Ro’i
Chapter 9 The Economic Integration of Soviet Jewish Immigrants in Israel
Gur Ofer
Part IV Resocialization and the Malleability of Ethnicity
Chapter 10 Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany
Eliezer Ben-Rafael
Chapter 11 Performing Jewishness and Questioning the Civic Subject among Russian-Jewish Migrants in Germany
Sveta Roberman
Chapter 12 Inventing a “New Jew”: The Transformation of Jewish Identity in Post-Soviet Russia
Elena Nosenko-Shtein
Part V Migration and Religious Change
Chapter 13 Post-Soviet Immigrant Religiosity: Beyond the Israeli National Religion
Nelly Elias and Julia Lerner
Chapter 14 Virtual Village in a Real World: The Russian Jewish Diaspora Online
Anna Shternshis
Part VI Diaspora Russian Literature
Chapter 15 Four Voices from the Last Soviet Generation: Evgeny Steiner, Alexander Goldstein, Oleg Yuryev, and Alexander Ilichevsky
Mikhail Krutikov
Chapter 16 Poets and Poetry in Today’s Diaspora: On Being “Marginally Jewish”
Stephanie Sandler
Chapter 17 Triple Identities: Russian-Speaking Jews as German, American, and Israeli Writers
Adrian Wanner
Afterword: The Future of a Diaspora
Zvi Gitelman
Que sont nos enfants devenus?
Translated Title: What are our children becoming?
Author(s): Podselver, Laurence
Date: 2011
Topics: Aliyah, Emigration, Youth, Age and Generational Issues, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Nous ne sommes pas religieux, ils le sont devenus; nous sommes attachés à l’existence d’Israël, ils y ont construit leur avenir; nous étions loin de la communauté juive en France, ils sont devenus israéliens…L’étonnement des parents voyant leurs enfants quitter la France et s’installer en Israël peut-il s’expliquer? Comment sont-ils israéliens? Une recherche menée en 2010 auprès de nouveaux immigrants tente une première réponse.
European Jewry – Signals and Noise: Is there a point of negative inflection?
Author(s): Maimon, Dov
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Aliyah, Emigration, Jewish Future
Abstract: Recent negative economic, political, and anti-Semitic developments in Europe, question the future thriving of Jewish life on the old continent.

According to a large-scale survey on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism commissioned by the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), in three of the nine states surveyed (namely Belgium, France and Hungary), between 40-50% of respondents said they had considered emigrating from their country of residence because they did not feel safe there. Moreover, some 200-300 Jewish families of French origin have recently immigrated to Montreal, and at least 120 families to London.

Beyond the Aliyah of 50,000 French Jews since 1990 (10% of French Jewry), new-immigrant associations claim there are some 20-30,000 additional French Jews who live part of the year in Israel but for convenience – and in order to avoid Israeli bureaucracy – prefer not to take Israeli citizenship.

Despite the trends outlined above, benefiting from relatively high social, professional, and economic personal status, most European Jews will in all likelihood remain in Europe.