Facing antisemitism in Europe: individual and country-level predictors of Jews’ victimization and fear across twelve countries
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Abstract
Rising antisemitism in the twenty-first century has alarmed Jewish communities and the general public, but antisemitic hate crime victimization remains understudied outside the US context. This study primarily relies on a comprehensive survey of 16,400 Jews across twelve European countries, supplemented with data from additional sources, to assess individual and country-level predictors of Jews’ experiences and fears of antisemitic harassment and violence. Multilevel models indicate that young age, perceived discrimination, identity visibility, and identification with Israel are pronounced individual risk factors for victimization. On the country level, negative opinion of Israel and Muslim population share predict victimization, highlighting the role of a “new” or Israel-derived antisemitism in the twenty-first century. The factors most strongly associated with fear are young age, previous victimization, perceptions of an ambient antisemitic threat, and recent occurrence of fatal antisemitic violence. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of integrating general theory on hate crime and victimization with context-specific factors when seeking to understand the experiences of targeted groups.
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Antisemitism Jewish Perceptions of Antisemitism Main Topic: Antisemitism Surveys Hate crime Antisemitism: Muslim Antisemitism: New Antisemitism Jewish - Muslim Relations
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Geographic Coverage
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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soae091
Related
Experiences and perceptions of antisemitism: Second survey on discrimination and hate crime against Jews in the EU (Secondary analysis of data: Original item)
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Bibliographic Information
Facing antisemitism in Europe: individual and country-level predictors of Jews’ victimization and fear across twelve countries. 2024: soae091. https://archive.jpr.org.uk/10.1093/sf/soae091
