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За что Гитлер не любил евреев: фольклорные версии истоков Холокоста
Translated Title: Why Hitler Didn’t Like the Jews: The Folklore Version of the Reasons Behind the Holocaust
Author(s): Мороз, Андрей
Date: 2021
Topics: Anthropology, Folklore, Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration, Attitudes to Jews, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Christianity
Abstract: В статье рассматриваются фольклорные версии, объясняющие ненависть Гитлера к евреям. Рассматриваемые тексты зафиксированы в основном на территориях, входивших в черту оседлости, от людей старшего возраста, которые или сами контактировали с евреями, преимущественно до войны, или много слышали о них из уст родителей. Версии сводятся к одной из трех объяснительных стратегий: среди ближайших родственников Гитлера или его сослуживцев был еврей, на которого Гитлер был сильно обижен и по этой причине стал мстить всему народу; или ненависть вызвана особенностями самих евреев, которые, согласно этническим стереотипам славян, умнее, хитрее, ленивее немцев и славян, а также могут понимать немецкий язык. Наконец, Катастрофа может объясняться евангельскими событиями. Во всех трех случаях в рассказах о причинах, повлекших Холокост, используются разработанные традицией механизмы осмысления окружающего мира: этноконфессиональные стереотипы, сюжетные клише традиционной квазиисторической фольклорной прозы, объединенные с попытками индивидуальной интерпретации.
Současný vizuální antisemitismus v České republice
Translated Title: Contemporary Visual Antisemitism in the Czech Republic
Author(s): Tarant, Zbyněk
Editor(s): Hauser, Jakub; Janáčová, Eva
Date: 2020
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Christian, Antisemitism: Discourse, Folklore, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Как Копл стал Филаретом: шутки про смену имен в еврейской традиции
Translated Title: How Kopl Became Filaret: Jokes about Changing Names in Jewish Tradition
Author(s): Амосова, Светлана
Date: 2021
Topics: Humour, Main Topic: Other, Oral History and Biography, Folklore
Abstract: Статья посвящена анализу шуточных текстов о механизмах смены имени евреями. Целью является рассмотрение различных контекстов, связанных с ситуациями смены и выбора нового имени у евреев в
XX в. Существует определенный круг русских имен, которые евреи в результате ассимиляции и смены имени обычно не использовали по различным причинам. Некоторые имена собственные становились нарицательными для представителей той или иной этнической и социальной группы. Именно подобные имена, а также лингвистические игры и оказывались предметом для шуточных текстов, о которых пойдет речь в статье.
Столкновение закона и обычая в традиционной культуре евреев Восточной Европы: народный иудаизм
Translated Title: Clashes between the law and the customs of traditional culture of Jews in Eastern Europe: The people’s Judaism
Author(s): Каспина, Мария
Date: 2010
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Folklore, Interviews, Oral History and Biography, Religious Observance and Practice, Ritual
Abstract: The article deals with the ways of treating a series of direct religious interdictions which were developed in traditional Jewish culture. For the founders of Jewish religious teaching it was obvious that in real life the law often came into conflict with the people’s customs and traditions which were accepted in those areas where Jews
live to this day. The author examines cases of clashes between customs and the law in material from the traditional culture of Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe in the 20th century. The article includes field material from expeditions carried out in 2000–2010 on the territory of former Jewish towns in Eastern Europe: in West Ukraine and Moldavia. The main systems of rules about the breaking of rules which have formed in traditional Jewish culture are more or less identical to universal ways of circumventing interdictions and prescripts: constructing a symbolic perfect tense, changing the status of an object and ritual exchange. Clear parallels to universal ways of
circumventing interdictions and prescripts can be found in the people’s everyday practices connected to the arrangement of one’s home, the funeral rites cycle, and protection from unclean powers
Folk Judaism: Variations of Religious Practices among the Jews of Ukraine and Moldova (Research Findings, 2004–11)
Author(s): Kaspina, Maria
Date: 2016
Topics: Folklore, Main Topic: Other, Communism, Interviews, Oral History and Biography, Religious Observance and Practice, Ritual
Abstract: This article draws on analysis of interviews with Jews of Ukraine and Moldova who lived the first part of their lives following traditional Jewish ways, while the latter part occurred during the period of strong anti-religious pressure in the Soviet Union. As a result, several variations of what we can call “folk Judaism” emerged. One form consists of a coerced nonobservance of the laws of Judaism and entails the elaboration of various ways to observe Jewish traditions in the absence of the ability to follow the letter of the law. The second option involves conscious rejection of ancestral religious traditions, partial observance as “camouflage,” and minimal interaction with modern Orthodox Judaism. The third option is creating one’s own individual rules for observing selected religious commandments. Several key mechanisms of the formation of new Jewish “folk” religious practices can be identified. They are the transformation of the existing halakhic regulations with the help of a) ritual deception; b) changes in the status of the ritual object; and c) application of the laws of ritual purity to an object known to be unclean.
Contemporary Visual Antisemitism in the Czech Republic
Author(s): Tarant, Zbyněk
Editor(s): Hauser, Jakub; Janáčová, Eva
Date: 2021
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Discourse, Antisemitism: Christian, Folklore, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Despite the last thirty years of political stability and democratic establishment, antisemitism has not fully disappeared from the Czech Republic. This article aims to deepen our understanding of not only the visual symbols and ideological links, but also of the people who create and disseminate these artworks. Having collected and coded visual antisemitica for the last ten years, the author documents the contrast between traditional depictions of Jews in contemporary Czech folklore (or in what is considered ‘tradition’) and the more esoteric symbolism of the conspiracy theories and political extremism. It is argued that, while the mainstream ‘traditional’ depictions of Jews have retained stereotypical features, the extremist scene has moved forward to a more abstract expression, which pushes our methodological and legal definitions of ‘visual antisemitism’ to, and beyond, their limits.
Представления О Смерти У Евреев Подолии И Бессарабии (по Полевым Материалам 2004—2010)
Translated Title: The Idea of Death Among the Jews of Podilia and Bessarabia (Based on Field Data 2004-2010)
Author(s): Каспина, Мария
Date: 2011
Topics: Death and Mourning, Folklore, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: В работе рассматриваются представлении о смерти у евреев Подолии и Бессарабии, традиционная культура кото-рых находится на грани исчезновения. Вы-бор данного региона для полевого исследова-ния, посвященного еврейской традиционной культуре Восточной Европы, обусловлен тем, что здесь сохранилась значительная часть старожильческого еврейского населе-ния, которые помнят довоенное прошлое и являются носителями языка идиш.
"диалог Поколений" В Еврейских Семейных Рассказах
Translated Title: "Dialogue of Generations" In Jewish Family Stories
Author(s): Белова, Ольга
Editor(s): Мочалова, Виктория Валентиновна; Петрухин, Владимир Яковлевич; Шелонина, Т. A.
Date: 2010
Topics: Age and Generational Issues, Family and Household, Main Topic: Other, Narrative, Folklore
Евреи
Editor(s): Емельяненко, Т. Г.,; Носенко-Штейн, Елена
Date: 2018
Topics: Folklore, Anthropology, Main Topic: Other, Jewish Culture, Jewish Community, Jewish Heritage, Jewish Identity
Abstract: Очередной том фундаментальной серии «Народы и культуры» посвящен истории и культуре евреев на территории Российской империи, СССР и стран СНГ. В монографии рассматриваются общие вопросы происхождения и истории еврейского народа, особенности историкоантропологического облика и языков, а также проблемы изучения еврейского фольклора и этнографии. Основное внимание уделено этнополитической истории и своеобразию традиционной культуры российских евреев: их занятиям, костюму, обрядам жизненного цикла, религиозным праздникам, пище, народным знаниям, фольклору, декоративно-прикладному искусству, образованию. Специальные разделы освещают многообразные процессы, протекающие среди евреев в современном мире, взаимоотношения евреев с другими народами. В отдельных разделах даны историко-этнографические материалы по неашкеназским группам: грузинским и бухарским евреям и иудействующим. В создании тома приняли участие историки, филологи, этнографы, антропологи, социологи, фольклористы из России, Украины, Израиля и Франции.
Для историков, этнологов, культурологов, специалистов в разных областях иудаики, студентов профильных вузов и кафедр, широкого круга читателей
Парадокс межэтнических контактов: практика обращения неевреев в синагогу (по полевым материалам)
Translated Title: The paradox of interethnic contacts: non-Jews taking part in synagogal practices (based on fieldwork materials)
Author(s): Каспина, Мария; Амосова, Светлана
Date: 2009
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Oral History and Biography, Anthropology, Folklore, Synagogues, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Jewish Heritage
Abstract: The close relationship between Eastern European Jews and non-Jewish Slavs influenced the religious practices and beliefs of both nations. One example of this is the practice of the Slavic people visiting the synagogue and Jewish cemetery in Chernovitz as well as the attitude of the Jewish population to this. The article is based on field material recorded between 2004–2009.
Yiddish Folklore in Czernowitz Today (Recordings of 2004-2009)
Author(s): Kaspina, Maria
Editor(s): Moskovitch, Wolf
Date: 2010
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Heritage, Memory, Folklore, Oral History and Biography, Yiddish
Abstract:
We Are Few: Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece
Author(s): Fromm, Annette B.
Date: 2007
Topics: Ethnography, Memory, Diaspora, Ethnicity, Folklore, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: The Jewish community of Ioannina, in Northwestern Greece, traces its roots to Byzantine times if not earlier. In the early 20th century, at least half of the community's population emigrated to settle in Athens, Israel, and the United States because of economic and religious reasons. The cataclysm of the Holocaust dramatically decimated the community. This steady outward movement created an abrupt rupture of their patterns of traditional culture.

We are Few brings this unique community to life in a series of ethnographic sketches of history and traditional culture in order to understand its intense allegiance to ethnic identity. Dr. Annette Fromm explores the decreasing inventory of cultural traditions from the patterns of daily life to the rituals and customs associated with life cycle events and holiday celebrations. Through the periodic return of individuals associated with the Jews of Ioannina, pilgrims, a new avenue of the expression of ethnic identity has been created. These visits reassure residents that the Jewish community of Ioannina still exists no matter how dispersed.
Pilgrimages in Jewish Folk Religion in Hungary - from the Chassidic Courts to the Virtual Communities
Author(s): Glässer, Norbert
Date: 2006
Topics: Hassidim, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Pilgrimage, Memorial, Folklore, Tourism, Virtual Community, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: The Jewish pilgrimages in Hungary belong in the context of expansion of the 18th century Chassidic movement of the Ashkenazic Jews of Poland. The differing forms are connected to the charismatic figures of the communities, to the so-called righteous men. Pilgrims visited them at the time of individual crises or at major feasts. The news of their travels attracted thousands of pilgrims. This pilgrimage could be repeated for their funeral and on the anniversaries of their death. Places of pilgrimage with very large areas of attraction arose. Societies and Talmudic schools were often associated with these persons, which became the germs for the organisation of virtual communities forming again after the Holocaust. Today these graves are important mnemotechnical places for the Chassidic virtual communities, and the pilgrimages are mnemotechnical occasions and compensatory rites. They can provide new knowledge for history of mentality studies of the religious practice of rural Jewry, and for research on sacral communication, the organisation of virtual communities and on pilgrimages.
Judaísmo no Feminino: Tradição Popular e Ortodoxia em Belmonte
Translated Title: Judaism in the Feminine: Popular Tradition and Orthodoxy in Belmonte
Author(s): Garcia, Maria Antonieta
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Women, Folklore, Orthodox Judaism, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Arts of witness or Awkward objects? Vernacular art as a source base for ‘bystander’ Holocaust memory in Poland
Author(s): Lehrer, Erica; Sendyka, Roma
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust, Anthropology, Artefacts and Material Culture, Folklore
Abstract: Based on preliminary research, we ask what insights can be gleaned about Polish Holocaust memory and testimony by examining the prolific art made by Polish ‘folk’ artists, via a range of disciplinary approaches. What can art history, visual culture studies, oral history, anthropology, memory studies, and museum studies tell us about the motivations, functions, and ethical implications of such works? Can they be considered acts of witness? Broadly, our text considers the status of ‘art naïve’ in the contexts of Holocaust representation, ethnographic museology, and bystander testimony.