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I skyggen av Holocaust - antisemittisme i norsk historie 1945 - 2023
Translated Title: In the shadow of the Holocaust - anti-Semitism in Norwegian history 1945 - 2023
Author(s): Simonsen, Kjetil Braut
Date: 2023
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: Tiden etter 1945 ble et vendepunkt i antisemittismens historie. Som følge av Hitler-Tysklands nederlag og oppgjøret med nasjonalsosialismens forbrytelser ble åpenlyst hat mot jøder ansett som uakseptabelt. Dette førte ikke til at antisemittismen forsvant. I etterkrigstiden har den overvintret i ekstreme politiske miljøer, men også levd videre i utenfor disse. Dette er historien om antisemittismen i Norge etter 1945. Det handler om hvordan diskusjonen om jødene og antisemittismen har endret seg etter 1945. Boka ser også på de ulike uttrykksformene antijødiske konspirasjonsforestillinger, bilder og stereotypier har fått i skyggen av okkupasjonstiden, nasjonalsosialismen og Holocaust.
Deutschlandbild und jüdisches Selbstverständnis der Juden in Deutschland nach 1945: Drei Generationen im Vergleich
Translated Title: Image of Germany and Jewish self-image of Jews in Germany after 1945: Three generations in comparison
Author(s): Luks, Gregor
Date: 2011
Topics: Holocaust Survivors: Grandchildren of, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction
Abstract: Der 9. November steht als Tag des Berliner Mauerfalls 1989 und der Reichskristallnacht 1938 symbolisch für die zahlreichen Identitätsschwierigkeiten von Juden in Deutschland nach dem Holocaust. Ein Leben im Spannungsfeld zwischen schwierigem Deutschlandbild und vielschichtigem jüdischem Selbstverständnis. Wie hat sich das jüdische Leben in der Bundesrepublik nach 1945 im Vergleich von drei Generationen entwickelt? Was waren und sind die Hauptelemente jüdischer Identität in Deutschland? Dies sind die Fragen, mit denen sich die vorliegende Abhandlung, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der "Dritten Generation", befassen will.
The State in the Construction of Ethnicity and Ideological Labor: The Case of German Jewry
Author(s): Bodemann, Y. Michal
Date: 1990
Topics: Ethnicity, Attitudes to Jews, Main Topic: Other, Post-War Jewish History, Religion and State
Abstract: While there is an abundance of literature on ethnicity and ethnic group formation, the relationship of ethnicity to the state is rarely addressed. This paper discusses some classical and contemporary approaches to this question and proposes the concept of "ideological labor": ethnic groups performing a specific ideological function within society. The case discussed here is that of postwar German Jewry. The presence of Jews in postwar West Germany, it is argued, was vital for domestic and foreign policy reasons and Jews performed the role that was expected of them.
Good Jews. Philosemitism in Post-Holocaust Europe
Author(s): Cohen, G. Daniel
Date: 2020
Topics: Antisemitism, Philosemitism, Jewish - Christian Relations, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Attitudes to Jews, Main Topic: Other, Post-War Jewish History, Post-1989
Abstract: While the liberation of Europe in 1945 did not result in the end of antisemitism, Jews, Judaism, and Jewishness acquired new value in the aftermath of the Shoah. In democratic Europe, the Jew became at the very least the “enemy that we now must love”. Like antisemitism, European philosemitic discourse mutated over time. To counteract the image of the Jewish enemy, secular and Christian philosemites imagined various types of loveable “good Jews”. This newfound sympathy was not devoid of ambiguities. Philosemitism, broadly conceived as positive discourse on Jews, can indeed easily recycle antisemitic themes, recreate Jewish otherness, or strategically compensate for Holocaust guilt. However, while the Israeli or cosmopolitan Jew continues to fuel antisemitic paranoia, post-Holocaust ‘philosemitism’ has redefined the relationship between contemporary Europe and its Jews.
Transmission of Collective Memory and Jewish Identity in Post-War Jewish Generations through War Souvenirs
Author(s): Bronec, Jakub
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Oral History and Biography, Interviews, Family and Household, Age and Generational Issues, Memory, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: The article includes a sample of testimonies and the results of sociological research on the life stories of Jews born in the aftermath of World War II in two countries, Czechoslovakia and Luxembourg. At that time, Czechoslovak Jews were living through the era of de-Stalinization and their narratives offer new insights into this segment of Jewish post-war history that differ from those of Jews living in liberal, democratic European states. The interviews explore how personal documents, photos, letters and souvenirs can help maintain personal memories in Jewish families and show how this varies from one generation to the next. My paper illustrates the importance of these small artifacts for the transmission of Jewish collective memory in post-war Jewish generations. The case study aims to answer the following research questions: What is the relationship between the Jewish post-war generation and its heirlooms? Who is in charge of maintaining Jewish family heirlooms within the family? Are there any intergenerational differences when it comes to keeping and maintaining family history? The study also aims to find out whether the political regime influences how Jewish objects are kept by Jewish families.
Les Survivants: Les juifs de Pologne depuis la Shoah
Author(s): Kichelewski, Audrey
Date: 2018
Topics: Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors, Holocaust Commemoration, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction
Abstract: Entre 1939 et 1945, le meurtre systématique de près de 90 % de plus de trois millions de Juifs polonais laisse exsangue l’une des communautés juives les plus florissantes du monde d’avant-guerre. Les dizaines de milliers de survivants font alors face à l’incompréhensible : la persistance d’un antisémitisme après Auschwitz. Craignant leurs voisins polonais mais fuyant aussi le nouveau régime socialiste, plus de la moitié des juifs rescapés choisirent les chemins de l’exil. Que devinrent ceux qui restèrent dans une Pologne devenue communiste ? Ce livre retrace l’histoire oubliée de ces survivants et de leur descendance, à travers la manière dont ils ont été perçus par la société et les autorités polonaises. Entre assimilation systématique, efforts pour préserver la mémoire juive et rejet récurrent lors de soubresauts à caractère antisémite, les débats demeurent toujours vifs sur les relations polono-juives.
Jewish Studies in Postwar Poland
Author(s): Gawron, Edyta
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Revival, Jewish Studies, Universities / Higher Education, Jewish Heritage, Post-1989, Post-War Reconstruction, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: The tradition of Jewish studies in Poland has been drastically interrupted by the Second World War and the Holocaust. In the immediate postwar period the process of re-establishing research on Jewish history and heritage was undertaken by the Jewish Historical Commissions and later Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. More examples of the individual and group initiatives can be traced only in the 1970s and 1980s. The real happened in the late 1980s with Kraków as one of the first and main centers of revitalized Jewish studies in Poland. The first postwar academic institution in Krakow specializing in Jewish studies – Research Center for Jewish History and Culture in Poland – was established already in 1986 in the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. More than a decade later, in 2000, it was transformed into the first Poland’s Department of Jewish Studies (Katedra Judaistyki) – now the Institute of Jewish Studies. Nowadays there are more similar programs and institutions – at the universities in Warsaw, Wrocław and Lublin (UMCS). Also other academic centers tend to have at least individual scholars, programs, classes or projects focusing on widely understood “Jewish topics.” Jewish studies in Poland, along with the revival of Jewish culture, reflect the contemporary Polish attitude to the Jewish heritage, and their scale and intensity remains unique in the European context. The growing interest in Jewish studies in Poland can be seen as a sign of respect for the role of Jewish Poles in the country’s history, and as an attempt to recreate the missing Jewish part of Poland through research, education and commemoration, accompanied by slow but promising revival of Jewish life in Poland.
East European Jewish migration: inside and outside
Author(s): Dekel-Chen, Jonathan
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Emigration, Aliyah, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This introductory article provides an overview of modern Jewish migration from Eastern Europe. It engages the foundational historiography of the field and explores intersections of Jewish migration with general migration theory. In addition to framing the six articles in this special collection, this essay presents longue durée factors linking today's post-Soviet diaspora communities on three continents with social and political trends beginning in the late nineteenth century and during the interwar period and postwar periods.
Hungarian Jewish Politics from the End of the Second World War until the Collapse of Communism
Author(s): Kovács, András
Editor(s): Mendelsohn, Ezra
Date: 2004
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Jewish Politics, Politics, Communism, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: The present study examines Jewish politics in Communist Hungary. As it is widely known, politicians of Jewish origin played an important role in the political life of post-war Hungary as leaders of the Communist party or as officials in the Communist governments. Their activity had a considerable effect, both directly and indirectly, on the life of Hungarian Jews. "Judeo-Bolshevic" rule is still a favorite topic of contemporary antisemitic publiciations. No doubt, the question of whether the Jewish origin of these politicians had an impact on their decisions, and if so, to what extent, could be a relevant subject for historical study. However, this essay deals with a different topic. It is concerned only with those politicians in post-war Hungary who identified themselves publicly as Jews or openly
represented Jewish causes. How did these politicians, who viewed Jews as a collectivity and sought to defend the Jews’ collective interests, act in the troublesome post-war decades?
The role of Judaism in the Jewish community after the Holocaust
Author(s): Salner, Peter
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Community, Religious Observance and Practice, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: Through conflicts of opinions inside the Bratislava Jewish religious community, the author monitors changed relations toward Judaism after the Holocaust.

The current form of the community was due to Regulation 231-1945 concerning “the arrangement of the conditions of the Jewish faith members in Slovakia”. This resulted in religious, economic, and organizational centralization.

After the 1968 occupation, those who stayed behind in Bratislava concluded that due to the emigration of the young and middle generations, the community lost its future and under the newly established conditions it was losing its past too. The Velvet revolution helped to overcome passivity existing until then. An informal gathering called Jewish forum helped to build and revive the Jewish identity. The status of the present-day Judaism can be illustrated by the fact that 36.6 percent of funerals in the course of 2001–2013 were done by cremation prohibited in Orthodox Judaism. It has been a manifestation of solidarity with the “burials” of those killed in concentration camps; but it is also a kind of revolt against God who did not prevent the Shoa.

Today both individuals and families create their own model based on the traditions that they choose for themselves. Practicing such customs does not follow from Judaism, but it is an expression of one’s affiliation with the community and its traditions.
Yugoslav Jewry. Aspects of Post-World War II and Post-Yugoslav Developments
Author(s): Kerkkänen, Ari
Date: 2001
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Nationalism, National Identity, Communism
Voices of Yugoslav Jewry
Author(s): Gordiejew, Paul Benjamin
Date: 1998
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Secularity, Nationalism, Oral History and Biography, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: Voices of Yugoslav Jewry emphasizes the role of history in shaping Yugoslav Jewish identity. World War II imposed irreversible effects on this population of Jews, leaving them with an acute sense of disjuncture and fragmentation. This once-unified Jewish community lost its secure place in the politico-symbolic order of a single multiethnic state, and the surviving local Jewish communities, which are now a part of new states, face the task of refashioning their identities once again. The process of creating the new Yugoslavia has allowed for the emergence of a new Jewish collective voice, one that blended harmoniously with the emerging voice of Tito. This collective voice manifested itself by using language, material culture, and dramaturgical performances in ways that exhibited high public integration with the symbolic order of the new state. In searching for the voices of individuals and listening to them closely, a wide range of diverse individual experiences and ways of constructing meaningful Jewish selves can be heard. It is these voices that constitute the core of the book.
Why We Stayed: Poland's Remaining Jews’ Experiences, Identities, and Reasons for not Emigrating, 1939-2018
Author(s): Mazurczak, Filip
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Oral History and Biography, Interviews, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Jewish Revival
Abstract: In the 1980s, it seemed to most observers that Poland's Jewish community was on the way out. Of a prewar Jewish population of 3.3 million, it had been reduced to just 5,000 mostly elderly Holocaust survivors. After the fall of communism in 1989, a revival of Jewish life occurred in Poland. Suddenly, it turned out that there were many more Polish Jews than anyone had previously thought. Why did some Polish Jews stay in Poland while many others emigrated, especially after two major waves of Jewish emigration (immediately after the war and in 1967-1968)? In this oral history MA thesis, I interviewed five Polish Jews, Holocaust survivors who had never left Poland, for their answers to this question.
Antisemitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland
Editor(s): Blobaum, Robert
Date: 2005
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism, Holocaust Memorials, Memory, Jewish - Christian Relations, Post-War Jewish History, Post-1989
Abstract: From the Middle Ages until World War II, Poland was host to Europe's largest and most vibrant Jewish population. By 1970, the combination of Nazi genocide, postwar pogroms, mass emigration, and communist repression had virtually destroyed Poland's Jewish community. Although the Poles themselves were subjected to enormous cruelties in the twentieth century, questions about the extent of their antisemitism and its role in the fate of Polish Jewry are today hotly disputed.

Antisemitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland serves as an effective guide to some of the most complex and controversial issues of Poland's troubled past. Fourteen original essays by a team of distinguished Polish and American scholars explore the different meanings, forms of expression, content, and social range of antisemitism in modern Poland from the late nineteenth century to the present. The contributors focus on both the variations in antisemitic sentiment and those Poles who opposed such prejudices.

Central themes of this significant, balanced, and timely contribution to a contentious and often emotional debate include the deterioration of Polish-Jewish relations in the era of national awakening for both the Poles and the Jews, the meaning of the various forms of violence against the Jews, intellectual movements in opposition to antisemitism, the role of the Catholic Church in promoting antisemitism, and the prospects for the Church to atone for this shameful chapter in its recent history.
Jewish Presence in Absence The Aftermath of the Holocaust in Poland, 1944–2010
Editor(s): Tych, Feliks; Adamczyk-Garbowska, Monika
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Antisemitism, Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors, Holocaust Survivors: Children of, Holocaust Commemoration, Memory, Memorial, Post-War Reconstruction, Post-1989, Jewish Renewal, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: This book discusses the Jewish world and Polish-Jewish relations in postwar Poland. The articles reflect the crucial stages of Jewish life in postwar Poland – losses, hopes, rebirth, rebuilding lives, and the situation of Jews in Poland today. This book provides a picture of current Polish historiography of the Holocaust, based on sources and studies rarely used before.
Jødene fra Trondheim
Translated Title: Jews from Trondheim
Author(s): Reitan, Jon
Date: 2005
Topics: Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: "Jøder ere fremdeles udelukkede fra Adgang til Riget". I 1851 ble den såkalte jødeparagrafen i Grunnloven endret slik at jøder fikk adgang til Norge. Vel tretti år senere innvandret noen få jødiske familier til Trondheim. Jødene hadde sin kulturelle, religiøse og geografiske bakgrunn i små landsbysamfunn i dagens Polen og Litauen. I 1905 gikk familiene sammen om å stifte Det Mosaiske Trossamfund i Trondhjem, og i 2005 feirer verdens nordligste jødiske trossamfunn hundre år.

Denne boken skildrer jødenes vei fra Øst-Europa til Trondheim og hvordan jødene tok vare på sin kulturarv, samtidig som de ble en del av bysamfunnet. Holocaust påførte jødene i Trondheim store tap - halvparten av menighetens medlemmer var borte da freden kom i 1945. Kampen for å gjenopprette det jødiske samfunnet, og bearbeidingen av de traumer som ble påført generasjonene etter folkemordet, er også sentrale tema i boken.

Boken bygger blant annet på nytt materiale fra jøder som vokste opp i Trondheim, både i mellomkrigstiden og i tidlig etterkrigstid, og er rikt illustrert med fotografier som ikke er publisert tidligere. Jon Reitan er historiker og museumsleder ved Falstadsenteret i Levanger.
Jødisk liv i etterkrigstiden. Integrering og egenart
Translated Title: Jewish life in the postwar period. Integration and uniqueness
Author(s): Banik, Vibeke Kieding
Editor(s): Bonnevie Lund, Anne; Moen, Bente Blom
Date: 2010
Topics: Integration, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Identity and Community
In the Shadows of the Holocaust and Communism: Czech and Slovak Jews Since 1945
Author(s): Heitlinger, Alena
Date: 2011
Topics: Jewish Revival, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: When traumatic historical events and transformations coincide with one’s entry into young adulthood, the personal and historical significance of life-course transitions interact and intensify. In this volume, Alena Heitlinger examines identity formation among a generation of Czech and Slovak Jews who grew up under communism, coming of age during the de-Stalinization period of 1962-1968. Heitlinger’s main focus is on the differences and similarities within and between generations, and on the changing historical and political circumstances of state socialism/communism that have shaped an individual’s consciousness and identity—as a Jew, assimilated Czech, Slovak, Czechoslovak and, where relevant, as an émigré or an immigrant. The book addresses a larger set of questions about the formation of Jewish identity in the midst of political upheavals, secularization, assimilation, and modernity: Who is a Jew? How is Jewish identity defined? How does Jewish identity change based on different historical contexts? How is Jewish identity transmitted from one generation to the next? What do the Czech and Slovak cases tell us about similar experiences in other former communist countries, or in established liberal democracies? Heitlinger explores the official and unofficial transmission of Holocaust remembering (and non-remembering), the role of Jewish youth groups, attitudes toward Israel and Zionism, and the impact of the collapse of communism. This volume is rich in both statistical and archival data and in its analysis of historical, institutional, and social factors. Heitlinger’s wide-ranging approach shows how history, generational, and individual biography intertwine in the formation of ethnic identity and its ambiguities.
« Le Désarroi De La Génération Des Fils » Essai Sur La Double Rupture Shoah/Communisme Dans Le Judaïsme Polonais Depuis 1945
Author(s): Zawadski, Paul
Editor(s): Bordes-Benayoun, Chantal
Date: 2015
Topics: Memory, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction, Holocaust Survivors, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Jewish Education in England, 1944-1988 Between Integration and Separation
Author(s): Mendelsson, David S.
Date: 2011
Topics: Post-War Jewish History, Jewish Education, Jewish Schools, Integration, Chedarim / Supplementary Schools, Main Topic: Education
Abstract: Today, the dominant model for Jewish education is the community-wide, technologically advanced day school, where the Judaic subjects are taught by professional educators using student-friendly, interactive methodologies. Not so long ago, however, most Jewish education consisted of rote repetition of prayers and biblical passages and their translation into awkward English by teachers with no formal pedagogic training, in classes – often located in synagogue basements – held on Sunday or once a week after ‘ordinary’ school.
This book explains the radical reconfiguring of Jewish education in England in historical and sociocultural terms. It explores the transformations that took place in every aspect of Jewish education: curriculum, religious/ideological orientation, school format (afternoon classes vs day schools), funding (private vs state), and more. The author shows that this dramatic transition directly reflects both changes in the socioeconomic profile and self-identity of Anglo-Jewry as well as demographic and cultural changes in British society in general. Tracking the shift from integration to separation, this book maps the effect of competing societal, personal and communal agendas, pedagogic paradigms, and pragmatic constraints on the rise of the Jewish day school in England.
Polacy i Żydzi. Kwestia otwarta
Editor(s): Cherry, Robert; Orla–Bukowska, Annamaria
Date: 2008
Topics: Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Jewish - Christian Relations, Holocaust, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction, Antisemitism, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Głównym tematem analiz i rozważań są tu wzajemne negatywne stereotypy – Polaków na temat Żydów i Żydów na temat Polaków. Książka przedstawia skomplikowane i bolesne uwarunkowania historyczne, ale też pokazuje pozytywne zmiany zachodzące w relacjach polsko-żydowskich w ostatnich latach. Opierając się na rzetelnych badaniach, autorzy pokazują, że dialog i przezwyciężanie trudnej przeszłości są możliwe.

SPIS TREŚCI

Zbigniew Nosowski
Przedmowa do wydania polskiego

Eli Zborowski
Przedmowa do wydania amerykańskiego

Robert Cherry, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska
Słowo od redaktorów książki

Robert Cherry, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska
Na przekór negatywnym stereotypom.
Postępowanie Polaków podczas wojny a Polska współczesna

I. ANTYPOLSKIE STEREOTYPY

Thaddeus Radzilowski
Antypolskie stereotypy

Mieczysław B. Biskupski
Polska i Polacy w filmowym obrazie Holokaustu

Lawrence Baron
Kino w krzyżowym ogniu polemiki polsko-żydowskiej:
Korczak Wajdy i Pianista Polańskiego

Shana Penn
Prasa amerykańska na temat roli Polski w Holokauście

Robert Cherry
Mierzenie antypolskich uprzedzeń u nauczycieli uczących o Holokauście

II. KONTEKSTY DIALOGU I ZROZUMIENIA

Guy Billauer
Stosunki polsko-żydowskie w Ameryce

Havi Dreyfuss (Ben-Sasson)
Stosunki polsko-żydowskie w dobie Zagłady: zmiana żydowskiego punktu widzenia

Helene Sinnreich
Polska i żydowska historiografia stosunków polsko-żydowskich
podczas drugiej wojny światowej

John T. Pawlikowski OSM
Holokaust: nieustanne wyzwanie dla stosunków polsko-żydowskich

Antony Polonsky
Relacje polsko-żydowskie od roku 1984: refleksje uczestnika

III. WSPÓŁCZESNA POLSKA

Rabin Michael Schudrich
Stosunki polsko-żydowskie w Polsce.
Skąd przychodzimy i dokąd zmierzamy?

Stanisław Krajewski
Ewolucja stosunków katolicko-żydowskich w Polsce po 1989 roku

Joanna Beata Michlic
Czy antysemityzm w dzisiejszej Polsce ma jakieś znaczenie – i dla kogo?

Natalia Aleksiun
Odpowiedź polskich historyków na Jedwabne

Carolyn Slutsky
Marsz Żywych: konfrontacja z antypolskimi stereotypami

Annamaria Orla-Bukowska
Goje w żydowskim interesie.
Wkład etnicznych Polaków w życie polskich Żydów
Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future
Editor(s): Cherry, Robert; Orla–Bukowska, Annamaria
Date: 2007
Topics: Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Jewish - Christian Relations, Holocaust, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction, Antisemitism, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Since Polish Catholics embraced some anti-Jewish notions and actions prior to WWII, many intertwined the Nazi death camps in Poland with Polish anti-Semitism. As a result, more so than local non-Jewish population in other Nazi-occupied countries, Polish Catholics were considered active collaborators in the destruction of European Jewry. Through the presentation of these negative images in Holocaust literature, documentaries, and teaching, these stereotypes have been sustained and infect attitudes toward contemporary Poland, impacting on Jewish youth trips there from Israel and the United States. This book focuses on the role of Holocaust-related material in perpetuating anti-Polish images and describes organizational efforts to combat them. Without minimizing contemporary Polish anti-Semitism, it also presents more positive material on contemporary Polish-American organizations and Jewish life in Poland. To our knowledge this will be the first book to document systematically the anti-Polish images in Holocaust material, to describe ongoing efforts to combat these negative stereotypes, and to emphasize the positive role of the Polish Catholic community in the resurgence of Jewish life in Poland. Thus, this book will present new information that will be of value to Holocaust Studies and the 100,000 annual foreign visitors to the German death camps in Poland.

Contents:

Part 1 Foreward
Part 2 Preface
Part 3 Introduction: Confronting Negative Stereotypes: Polish Behavior in Wartime and Contemporary Poland
Part 4 Anti-Polish Stereotypes
Chapter 5 Introduction: Anti-Polish Stereotypes
Chapter 6 Poland and the Poles in the Cinematic Portrayal of the Holocaust
Chapter 7 Cinema in the Crossfire of Jewish-Polish Polemics: Wajda's Korczak and Polanski's The Pianist
Chapter 8 American Press Coverage of Poland's Role in the Holocaust
Chapter 9 Measuring Anti-Polish Biases Among Holocaust Teachers
Part 10 Contextual Understanding and Dialogue
Chapter 11 Introduction: Polish-Jewish Relations in America
Chapter 12 Polish-Jewish Relations during the Holocaust: A Changing Jewish Viewpoint
Chapter 13 Polish and Jewish Historiography of Jewish-Polish Relations during World War II
Chapter 14 The Holocaust: A Continuing Challenge for Polish-Jewish Relations
Chapter 15 Polish-Jewish Relations since 1984: Reflections of a Participant
Part 16 Contemporary Poland
Chapter 17 Introduction: Polish-Jewish Relations in Poland: Where Have We Come From and Where Are We Headed?
Chapter 18 The Evolution of Catholic-Jewish Relations after 1989
Chapter 19 Antisemitism in Contemporary Poland: Does It Matter? And For Whom Does It Matter?
Chapter 20 Polish Historians Respond to Jedwabne
Chapter 21 March of the Living: Confronting Anti-Polish Stereotypes
Chapter 22 Gentiles Doing Jewish Stuff: The Contributions of Polish Non-Jews to Polish Jewish Life
Being Jewish in Romania after the Second World War
Author(s): Iancu, Carol
Editor(s): Ben-Rafael , Eliezer; Gergely, Thomas; Gorny, Yosef
Date: 2006
Topics: Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Les Juifs en Roumanie depuis la shoah jusqu’au post-communisme
Translated Title: The Jews of Romania from the Shoah until post-communism
Author(s): Iancu, Carol
Editor(s): Bocşan, Nicolae; Breckner, Wolfgang W.; Szamosközi, István; Gyémánt, Ladislau
Date: 2006
Topics: Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Other
Jüdische Gemeinden – Kontinuitäten und Brüche
Translated Title: Jewish communities - continuities and breaks
Editor(s): Lappin, Eleonore
Date: 2002
Topics: Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction, Post-1989, Jewish Renewal, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Jüdische Gemeinden sind mehr als religiöse Gemeinschaften, sie stellen das jüdische Kollektiv in einzelnen Ländern und Orten dar. Das Erscheinungsbild dieser Kollektive wird einerseits durch ihre Umwelt, andererseits durch innerjüdische Entwicklungen bestimmt. Die in diesem Band ersammelten Essays zeigen, daß die Juden durch Emanzipation, Akkulturation und Säkularisierung zum integralen Bestandteil ihrer Umwelt wurden, was zu neuen Formen religiösen, kulturellen und politischen Lebens geführt hat.

Inhalt
Ariel Muzicant (S. 11–13), 150 Jahre Wiener Kultusgemeinde
Eleonore Lappin (S. 15–20), Vorwort der Herausgeberin

I. Das Erbe der Habsburger Monarchie

Lois C. Dubin (S. 23–42), The Jews of Trieste: Between Mitteleuropa and Mittelmeer, 1719–1939
Mykola Kuschnir (S. 43–52), Czernowitz – Stadt ohne Juden? Das Bukowiner Judentum zwischen Mythos und Realität
Juraj Sedivy (S. 53–62), Im Schatten der großen Geschichte? – Die heutige Gemeinde in Pressburg/Bratislava
Géza Komoróczy (S. 63–101), Israeliten / Juden in ihrer Gemeinde. Juden in der ungarischen Gesellschaft der Nachkriegszeit, 1945–2000
II. Israelitische Kultusgemeinden in Österreich

Marsha L. Rozenblit (S. 105–130), From Habsburg Jews to Austrian Jews: The Jews of Vienna, 1918–1938
Evelyn Adunka (S. 131–137), Die Wiener jüdische Gemeinde
Michael John (S. 139–178), Gebrochene Kontinuität – Die Kultusgemeinde Linz nach 1945
Helga Embacher, Albert Lichtblau (S. 179–198), Die Jüdische Gemeinde in Salzburg seit 1867 – Ein Neubeginn nach 369 Jahren Verbannung
Niko Hofinger (S. 199–210), Eine kleine Gemeinde zwischen Erinnerung und jüdischem Alltag: Die Israelitische Kultusgemeinde für Tirol und Vorarlberg in Innsbruck nach 1945
Dieter A. Binder (S. 211–241), Jüdische Steiermark - Steirisches Judentum
III. Juden auf Wanderschaft

Haim Avni (S. 245–265), „Insular Jewish Communal Life:“ Russian Jews in Argentina and German Jews in Bolivia
Edna Brocke (S. 267–281), Jüdisches Leben in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Michel Abitbol (S. 283–294), From an „Israelite“ Identity to a „Jewish“ Identity and Back – French Jewry Forty Years After the Jewish Immigration from North Africa
Mira Katzburg-Yungman (S. 295–319), The New Synagogue in the New World
Renate Meissner (S. 32–345), „Auf den Schwingen des Adlers“­ Von Jemen nach Zion
Sergio DellaPergola (S. 347-364), World Jewish Population at the Dawn of the 21st Century: Trends, Prospects and Implications
AutorInnen (S. 365–357)
Túlélők és Újrakezők. Fejezetek a magyar zsidóság szociológiájából 1945 után
Translated Title: Survivors and those who start again. Chapters of the sociology of Jews in Hungary after 1945
Author(s): Karady, Viktor
Date: 2002
Topics: Post-War Jewish History, Communism, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Problèmes ethniques et communautés particularistes sous le 'socialisme réel'. Juifs, Allemands et Tsiganes en Hongrie depuis 1945
Translated Title: Ethnic problems and particularistic communities under 'real socialism'. Jews, Germans and Gypsies in Hungary since 1945
Author(s): Karady, Viktor
Editor(s): Reszler, André; Liebich , André
Date: 1993
Topics: Communism, Ethnicity, Post-1989, Post-War Jewish History, Minorities, Comparisons with other communities, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Wir sind da. Die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland von 1945 bis heute
Translated Title: We Are There. The History of the Jews in Germany from 1945 until today
Author(s): Schneider, Richard C.
Date: 2000
Topics: Jewish History, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Other, Post-War Reconstruction
Abstract: Die Geschichte der Juden im Nachkriegsdeutschland ist so gut wie unbekannt. Wir sind da! beginnt dort, wo das allgemeine Geschichtsbewußtsein aufhört - am 8. Mai 1945 - und dokumentiert erstmals und umfassend 50 Jahre deutsch-jüdische Nachkriegsgeschichte. In 34 einfühlsam geführten Interviews berichten prominente jüdische Zeitgenossen über das neue jüdische Leben im Land der ehemaligen Täter.
Unlikely History The Changing German-Jewish Symbiosis,1945-2000
Editor(s): Zipes, Jack; Morris, Leslie
Date: 2002
Topics: German-Jewish Relations, Antisemitism, Jewish Culture, Jewish Revival, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: In the English-speaking world, it is generally believed that there are very few Jews living and thriving in Germany. Yet, there has been an unlikely postwar history 1945-2001 that has been somewhat repressed in North America and the United Kingdom. While most people are well-informed about the Holocaust and the consequences that this tragic event has had for the world, very few people know that there has been a steady increase in the population of Jews in Germany since 1945 and that there is a flourishing 'Jewish' culture, certainly a relatively strong Jewish presence, in Germany today. Does this development mean that Jews are playing a significant role in German social life? Does this mean that the great German-Jewish relationship, often referred to as a kind of symbiosis, has re-emerged despite the odds against it? The sixteen essays in this book written by the leading critics in the field cover the fascinating changes that have been made in German society since 1945 in the Jewish communities, literature, theater, film, architecture, and other areas of interest including an examination of the resurgence of anti-Semitism in Austria. For anyone interested in reading about the unpredictable transformations in German-Jewish relations since 1945, Unlikely History will provide information and insights into a history that needs to be told to bring about greater understanding of Jews and Germans in contemporary Germany.
Remembering the Holocaust in Germany, 1945-2000 German Strategies and Jewish Responses
Editor(s): Michman, Dan
Date: 2002
Topics: German-Jewish Relations, Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Memorials, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Ten authors from five countries present a variety of fresh analyses of the strategies Germans have adopted in coping with the Nazi past. Through historical, sociological, educational, and cultural approaches the unresolved tensions existing in German society – between the will to be accepted as an integral part of western civilization and to put the Nazi chapter in general and the Holocaust in particular behind, on the one hand, and an awareness of responsibility combined with recurring, sometimes sudden, manifestations of long-term results and implications of the past, on the other – are analyzed. Through its multifaceted approach, this book contributes to a better understanding of present-day German society and of Germany’s delicate relationships with both the United States and Israel.

Contents: Dan Michman: Introduction – Jeffrey Herf: The Holocaust and the Competition of Memories in Germany, 1945-1999 – Gilad Margalit: Divided Memory? Expressions of a United German Memory – Y. Michal Bodemann: The Uncanny Clatter: The Holocaust in Germany before Its Mass Commemoration – Inge Marszolek: Memory and Amnesia: A Comment on the Lectures by Gilad Margalit and Michal Bodemann – Chris Lorenz: Border-crossings: Some Reflections on the Role of German Historians in Recent Public Debates on Nazi History – Dan Diner: The Irreconcilability of an Event: Integrating the Holocaust into the Narrative of the Century – Michael Brenner: The Changing Role of the Holocaust in the German-Jewish Public Voice – Shlomo Shafir: Constantly Disturbing the German Conscience: The Impact of American Jewry – Yehuda Ben-Avner: Ambivalent Cooperation: The German-Israeli Joint Committee on Schoolbooks – Yfaat Weiss: The Vague Echoes of German Discourse in Israel.
Unmögliche Heimat. Eine deutsch-jüdische Geschichte der Bundesrepublik
Translated Title: Impossible Home. A German-Jewish history of the Federal Republic
Author(s): Kauders, Anthony D.
Date: 2007
Topics: German-Jewish Relations, History, Jewish History, Post-War Jewish History, Post-War Reconstruction, Jewish Revival, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Nach dem Holocaust schien es undenkbar, dass in Deutschland wieder Juden leben könnten. Doch viele, die überlebt hatten, blieben, andere kehrten zurück, zum Missfallen der Juden im Ausland. So war das Leben in der Bundesrepublik zunächst geprägt von fehlendem Schuldbewusstsein bei Nichtjuden und Schuldgefühlen bei Juden, die sich für ihr Bleiben rechtfertigen mussten. Wie sich das komplizierte Verhältnis zwischen Juden und Nichtjuden entwickelte, welche Rolle jüdisches Leben in der jungen deutschen Demokratie spielte und wie jüdische Gemeinden wieder Fuß fassten, beschreibt Anthony Kauders erstmals auf breiter Quellengrundlage.
The Jews in Germany, 1945-1993: the Building of a Minority
Author(s): Cohn, Michael
Date: 1994
Topics: Post-1989, Post-War Reconstruction, Post-War Jewish History, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Most Jews who now live in Germany have lived elsewhere. They are neither the remnant of those who survived the Holocaust nor those who are in transit to Israel or the United States. They are a disparate but vibrant and growing community of over 80,000 people. Forty thousand of them are members of official Jewish communities in today's Germany. Because of the Nazi past, this proportionately small number of individuals plays an out-of-scale role in German politics and world consciousness.
Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart: Politik, Kultur und Gesellschaft
Translated Title: History of the Jews in Germany from 1945 to the present: politics, culture and society
Editor(s): Brenner, Michael
Date: 2012
Topics: Post-War Reconstruction, Post-War Jewish History, Jewish History, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Erstmals schildert dieser Band auf der Grundlage breiter Archivrecherchen, wie jüdisches Leben sich nach dem Holocaust über sechs Jahrzehnte in Deutschland entfaltete, welche Rolle es für die deutsche Gesellschaft in West und Ost spielte und wie im wiedervereinigten Deutschland durch die Zuwanderung aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion die am schnellsten wachsende jüdische Gemeinde der Welt entstand.

Nach dem Holocaust galt Deutschland den meisten Juden als „blutgetränkte Erde“, auf der jüdisches Leben unmöglich erschien. Dennoch bildete in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren das besetzte Deutschland eine Durchgangsstation für jüdische Überlebende aus Osteuropa. Ein kleiner Teil von ihnen blieb und baute gemeinsam mit überlebenden und aus dem Exil zurückgekehrten deutschen Juden wieder jüdische Gemeinden auf. International renommierte Zeithistoriker beschreiben die Entwicklung der Gemeinden, die Politik des Zentralrats und seiner Vorsitzenden, die „Wiedergutmachung“ sowie den Umgang mit altem und neuem Antisemitismus.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren: Dan Diner (Jerusalem, Leipzig), Norbert Frei (Jena), Lena Gorelik (München), Constantin Goschler (Bochum), Atina Grossmann (New York), Anthony Kauders (Keele, München), Tamar Lewinsky (Basel), Yfaat Weiss (Jerusalem)
After the Shoah: Continuity and change in the postwar Jewish community of the Netherlands
Author(s): Brasz, Chaya
Date: 2001
Topics: Jewish Community, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: The Dutch Jewish community is part of Western European Jewry and as such is part of what Bernard Wasserstein describes as the vanishing Diaspora. The community is one of Europe's smallest and it was also the Western European Jewish community most heavily damaged by the Shoah; it lost 75% of its population. It is surprising that the community still exists. It has gone through many changes, most notably in the 1960s. Progressive Judaism and the Lubavitcher Habad movement have made considerable inroads in the religious community, but the population has become largely secular, and new secular Jewish networks have been established. Dutch Jews have redefined their identity, shifting from “Dutchmen of the Israelite religion” to “Jews” or “people with a Jewish background,” belonging to a social and cultural minority. A small population exchange has taken place between Israel and the Netherlands. The brief baby boom after the Shoah and the newly formed networks outside the religious framework have revitalized the community. But most Jews in the Netherlands are married to non-Jews, and in spite of unique efforts to integrate the Israelis into the community, the future seems uncertain.
Yiddish in the Former Soviet Union since 1959: A Statistical-Demographic Analysis
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 2012
Topics: Censuses, Demography, Yiddish, Language, Statistics, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract:

This paper is based mainly on the results of the post-war Soviet censuses concerning respondents' native language and second language. The statistical data on Yiddish were studied for the former union republics of the USSR and their capitals. For Belorussia, Ukraine and the Russian Federation, the data were also studied for their different regions. In the 1994 Russian microcensus, a question on the primary language of conversation at home was asked for the first time, and the respective data concerning Yiddish in the city of Moscow and Birobidzhan ("Jewish") oblast were analyzed.

This paper was presented at the conference "Yiddish in the Contemporary World" at Oxford, 19-21 April 1998, and revised in May 2012.
Jewish education and identity formation in The Netherlands after the Holocaust
Author(s): Rietveld-van Wingerden, Marjoke
Date: 2008
Topics: Jewish Schools, Post-War Jewish History, Jewish Education, Citizenship, Main Topic: Education
Abstract: The subject of this article is Dutch Jewish education since 1945, attended by some 20% of the Jewish children in the region of Amsterdam. I consider the motives of the advocates of Jewish day schools, for whom the Holocaust was an important argument from a psychological, educational, social and cultural perspective in rejecting multi‐religious education. For them the children damaged by war, and their offspring, needed a safe and familiar environment in which they would meet comprehension. Moreover, the Holocaust had become part of Jewish identity and had stimulated the study of roots and traditions for which Jewish schools would provide the foundation. However, these schools were confronted with social and political pressure to realise multi‐religious education as a necessary preparation for living together in a pluralist society. Jewish leaders disagreed with this point of view citing the aims of Jewish schools and their contribution to the civic education of Jewish pupils.