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'Homo Zappiens': a European-Jewish Way of Life in the Era of Globalisation
Author(s): Dencik, Lars
Editor(s): Leveson, Ian; Lustig, Sandra H.
Date: 2006
Topics: Jewish Identity, Diaspora, Globalisation, Jewish Culture, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Modalities of cosmopolitanism and mobility: parental education strategies of global, immigrant and local middle-class Israelis
Author(s): Maxwell, Claire; Yemini, Miri
Date: 2019
Topics: Class, Immigration, Israeli Expatriates, Main Topic: Other, Globalisation, Parenthood, Education
Abstract: In this study, we explore how different forms of family mobility shape parental education strategies of three middle-class groups (moored Israeli professionals, immigrants from Israel to the UK and global middle class Israeli families). By focusing on families from the same nationality, we show how different practices of mobility differentiate between these middle-class fractions. Building on Andreotti’s framework for ‘global mindedness’ we suggest that orientations to cosmopolitanism also differentiate between these groups – from tourism (moored middle class), to empathy (immigrant middle class), to visiting (global middle class). By drawing on this conceptualisation, it is possible to understand why, despite the considerable uncertainty that constant mobility generates for children’s education and futures, global middle-class parents appear to assuredly navigate processes of securing and transmitting advantage.
De-coupling or remaining closely coupled to ‘home’: educational strategies around identity-making and advantage of Israeli global middle-class families in London
Author(s): Yemini, Miri; Maxwell, Claire
Date: 2018
Topics: Class, Globalisation, Jewish Identity, Jewish Women, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Motherhood, Interviews, Israeli Expatriates
Abstract: This article makes an empirical contribution to the study of the global middle class (GMC), and sheds light on the complex relationships that are constructed and sustained by these families with their ‘home nation’ through their educational strategies. Drawing on an inductive analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with Israeli migrant mothers in the United Kingdom who constitute a specific fraction of the GMC, this article examines families’ identity constructions and how these shape their educational practices. The participants constitute a growing phenomenon – highly educated, mobile middle-class families who live and move around the world, and position themselves using global frames of references. We emphasise how country of origin acts as a symbolic object in the cultivation of their children’s identity and how different types of attachment to ‘home nation’ are perceived as offering valuable capital for the GMC. The article therefore contributes much-needed empirical analyses on education strategies within the GMC, and challenges the suggestion that critical to the definition of the GMC is that they are ‘rootless’.
From Local Community to Glocal Network: Place, Memory, and Identity Politics among the “Jews of Trikala” and Their Diaspora (Greece)
Author(s): Spyros, Theodoros A.
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Diaspora, Memory, Globalisation, Ethnography
Abstract: In this paper I present some initial findings from my multilocal ethnographic and ethnohistorical research on the “Trikalan Jews”, i.e. Jews living in or originating from Trikala, a city in the Thessaly region of central Greece. In particular, my research focuses on two axes: the historical processes of community formation and its social transition after World War II as well as the recent sense of belonging of the potential members of that “community” and the ways they experience and negotiate their collective memory and identity. On a theoretical level, the first hypothesis grounded in the field is that the “community” tends to appropriate/be appropriated by subjects who currently live “elsewhere”. In this sense, it is reproduced as a glocal network in which Jewishness and locality are interconnected, experienced, and performed in multiple, fluid, and often fragmented ways. On a methodological level, my research is based on the fundamental techniques of ethnographic and ethnohistorical research which have been adapted to the conditions and restraints of a multilocal field.
Re-emergence of a Jewish Diasporistic Identity in Europe
Date: 2017
Topics: Diaspora, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Globalisation
ВОЗВРАЩЕНЦЫ ИЛИ ЭМИГРАНТЫ: СОЦИОАНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ "РУССКИХ" ИЗРАИЛЬТЯН В ОДЕССЕ
Translated Title: Returnees or Immigrants? Socio-Anthropological Study of the "Russian" Israelis in Odessa, Ukraine
Author(s): Саприцкая, Марина
Date: 2013
Topics: Diaspora, Diaspora Relations, Immigration, Globalisation, Israeli Expatriates, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Ethnography, Russian-Speaking Jews
Abstract: This article explores the recent trend of return migration from Israel to countries of the former Soviet Union. The author analyses the current debates on the subject and, based on ethnographic fieldwork in Odessa, Ukraine conducted in 2005-2007, delves into the everyday experiences of «Russian» Israelis who have resettled in Odessa for personal and professional reasons. It focuses on their reasons for relocation and experiences of settling in their old/new environments, specifically their relationship to organized Jewish life and a sense of belonging. It argues that most returnees do not envision their relocation as a permanent decision and many do return to Israel or travel back and forth. In Odessa their experiences and connections to local Jewish life vary but for the most part returnees are concerned with improving their standard of living and see their relocation as a means of achieving that goal. It is too early to understand the full scope of «Russian» Israeli presence in the FSU, but we can already see that their future moves will most likely be determined by the personal and professional opportunities they encounter and family circumstances they face. The transnational orientations and open-ended journeys of «Russian» Israelis in Odessa complicate concepts of «Home» and «Diaspora» often applied to Israel and the Jewish people. On the one hand, leaving Israel constitutes Odessa as home; on the other hand, strong ties to Israel, displayed among many returnees, speak of Israel as a place of belonging. And yet other cases point to other realities where Russian Israelis explore other options or remain on the move. Placing the material in the wider context of Diaspora studies the author argues that «Home» and «Diaspora» are not fixed categories and can no longer be seen in a simplified manner of ideological constants.
The Holocaust: Commemorated but not remembered? Post‐colonial and post‐traumatic perspectives on the reception of the Holocaust memory discourse in Poland
Author(s): Kapralski, Slawomir
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration, Memory, Globalisation, Nationalism
Abstract: The argument focuses on the reception of the globalized narrative of the Holocaust in the regional memories of East‐Central Europe, in particular Poland. It is argued that this narrative has not been successfully integrated into the regional memory, partly because of the narrative's own deficiencies and partly due to the specific nature of the way in which regional memories have been produced. Instead, it has contributed to the split of collective and social memories in the region as well as to further fragmentation of each of these two kinds of memory. In result we may say that in post‐communist Poland the Holocaust has been commemorated on the level of official institutions, rituals of memory, and elitist discourses, but not necessarily remembered on the level of social memory. It is claimed that to understand this phenomenon we should put the remembrance and commemoration of the Holocaust in the context of the post‐communist transformation, in which the memory of the Holocaust has been constructed rather than retrieved in the process of re‐composition of identities that faced existential insecurity. The non‐Jewish Poles, who in the 1990s experienced the structural trauma of transformation, turned to the past not to learn the truth but to strengthen the group's sense of continuity in time. In this process many of them perceived the cosmopolitan Holocaust narrative as an instrument of the economic/cultural colonization of Eastern Europe in which the historical suffering of the non‐Jewish East Europeans is not properly recognized. Thus the elitist efforts to reconnect with the European discourse and to critically examine one's own identity has clashed with the mainstream's politics of mnemonic security as part of the strategy of collective immortalization that contributed to the development of antagonistic memories and deepened social cleavage.
Klezmer “revivalisms” to the test of real or supposed cultural borders: the stakes of memory and objects of misunderstanding
Author(s): Noel, Jean-Sebastian
Date: 2010
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Music, Klezmer, Globalisation, Boundaries
Abstract: As a musical style, klezmer is historically associated with both the bodydancing at weddings and the European Jewish cultural area. Furthermore, the great political and economic emigration waves from the 1880s to the 1920s and the destruction of European Jewry during the Second World War have created a vacuum between the original tradition of ancient klezmorim and the actual ways of playing klezmer music. Since the 1970s, a wave of revival has grown from North and South America reaching Europe in the following two decades. Incidentally,while reading some musicians’ writings, the klezmer and neo-klezmer phenomena are narrowly linked with the questions of memory and revival. Their productions, the way they conceive their relationship with the historical lands of ancient klezmorim and their discourses based on such notions as “roots” and “authenticity” ask in a specific way the question of cultural borders, as a question of representation.
Religion, regulation, consumption: Globalising kosher and halal markets
Author(s): Lever, John; Fischer, Johan
Date: 2018
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Kashrut, Globalisation, Comparisons with other communities, Jewish - Muslim Relations, Economy, Jewish Organisations, Religion and State, Finance
Abstract: This book explores the emergence and expansion of global kosher and halal markets with a particular focus on the UK and Denmark. Kosher is a Hebrew term meaning 'fit' or 'proper' while halal is an Arabic word that literally means 'permissible' or 'lawful'. This is the first book to explore kosher and halal comparatively at different levels of the social scale such as individual consumption, the marketplace, religious organisations and the state. Kosher and halal markets have become global in scope and states, manufacturers, restaurants, shops, certifiers and consumers around the world are faced with ever stricter and more complex kosher and halal requirements. The research question in this book is: What are the consequences of globalising kosher and halal markets?
Faire communauté et consolider la filiation par le patrimoine musical. Un regard transnational sur le monde judéo-espagnol
Translated Title: Making Community and Consolidating Descent through Musical Heritage. A Transnational View on the Judaeo-Spanish World
Author(s): Roda, Jessica
Date: 2016
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Sephardi Jews, Jewish Music, Globalisation, Jewish Heritage, Migration
Abstract: À Paris, Tel-Aviv, Istanbul ou Los Angeles, on entend et chante les fameux standards judéo-espagnols. Ce partage de connaissances est le résultat d’une patrimonialisation qui a commencé dès les années 1950 dans un espace transnational à la suite de l’éclatement géographique des Judéo-Espagnols de l’Empire ottoman. Cet article expose les différentes étapes de ce processus, tant dans la diachronie que dans la synchronie, à partir d’un terrain multisite mené en France, aux États-Unis et sur le cyberespace. On découvrira que la construction du patrimoine à travers l’expérience de la migration peut être envisagée comme un mouvement de reterritorialisation permettant aux Judéo-Espagnols de faire communauté, de reconsolider la filiation judéo-espagnole dans l’espace familial et ainsi, de constituer un territoire historique fédérateur incarné par le patrimoine. Au-delà de ce cas spécifique, l’article montre comment le patrimoine musical, en raison de son statut d’objet immatériel facilement transportable, peut nous conduire à repenser la patrimonialisation au-delà du territoire et à l’envisager comme un processus de consolidation et de création de liens entre des individus et des groupes d’individus partageant un sentiment d’appartenance.
Former Soviet Jews in Israel and in the West: Integration, Exclusion and Transnationalism
Translated Title: Бывшие советские иммигранты в Израиле и на Западе: интеграция, изоляция и транснационализм / יהודי ברה''מ לשעבר בישראל ובמערב: השתלבות, דחייה וטרנס-לאומיות
Author(s): Remennick, Larissa
Date: 2007
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Immigration, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Diaspora, Globalisation, Integration
Abstract: Theoretical focus of the paper is the relationship between transnationalism and immigrant incorporation in the host country’s labor market and social system. It is shown that due to its timing and composition, Russian immigration of the 1990s was readily transnational at the outset, but the expression of diasporic interests and activities depends both on geographic location and modes of integration in the new homelands. Russian Jews in Israel and Germany display stronger diasporic tendencies than those who resettled in the USA and Canada. Across the New Diaspora, transnational activities among Russian Jews grow ‘from below’ (i.e. from individual initiative rather than institutional action) and are largely limited to the socio-cultural domain. The reliance on co-ethnic networks within and outside of the host country may be a mixed blessing, both empowering the weaker segments of the immigrants and thwarting their integration by creating an alternative social space.
Limmud International - Contributing to the Global Jewish Conversation
Editor(s): Ravid, Shlomi
Date: 2012
Topics: Main Topic: Education, Jewish Education, Jewish Peoplehood, Limmud, Globalisation
Abstract:

The Limmud mission, which emphasizes learning, diversity and community, has proven to be a compelling set of values. These values are central to international groups. Studies have shown that Limmud participants are highly likely to travel internationally and recognize that they are part of a global community. However, this is not enough. The question that needs to be addressed entails how being a member of an international community can help us strengthen the Jewish people.
Global Neighborhoods: Jewish Quarters in Paris, London, and Berlin
Author(s): Laguerre, Michel S.
Date: 2008
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Jewish Space, Globalisation, Jewish Neighbourhoods, Diaspora
Abstract: Global Neighborhoods analyzes the organization of everyday life and the social integration of contemporary Jewish neighborhoods in Paris, London, and Berlin. Concentrating on the post-Holocaust era, Michel S. Laguerre explains how each urban diasporic site has followed a different path of development influenced by the local milieu in which it is incorporated. He also considers how technology has enabled extraterritorial relations with Israel and other diasporic enclaves inside and outside the hostland.

Shifting the frame of reference from assimilation theory to globalization theory and the information technology revolution, Laguerre argues that Jewish neighborhoods are not simply transnational social formations, but are fundamentally transglobal entities. Connected to multiple overseas diasporic sites, their interactions reach beyond their homelands, and they develop the logic of their social interactions inside this larger network of relationships. As with all transglobal communities, there is constant movement of people, goods, communications, ideas, images, and capital that sustains and adds vibrancy to everyday life. Since all are connected through the network, Laguerre contends that the variable shape of the local is affected by and affects the global.

Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, and Maps
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Neighborhood Globalization

2. Paris’s Jewish Quarter: Unmade, Remade, and Transformed

3. Berlin’s Jewish Quarter: The Local History of the Global

4. London’s Jewish Neighborhoods: Nodes of Global Networks

5. Residential Districts Versus Business Districts

6. The Jewish Quarter as a Global Chronopolis

7. Paris’s City Hall and the Jewish Quarter

8. Heritage Tourism: The Jewish Quarter as a Theme Park

9. The Jewish Quarter, Other Diasporic Sites, and Israel

10. Information Technology and the Jewish Neighborhood

11. Neighborhoods of Globalization

Conclusion: Global Neighborhoods in the Global Metropolis

Notes
References
Index
Kleznetworks: the transcontinental and the local dimension of Jewish culture festivals
Author(s): Waligórska, Magdalena
Editor(s): Ernst, Petra; Lamprecht, Gerald
Date: 2010
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Music, Klezmer, Globalisation, Diaspora, Jewish Revival
Gypsy/Klezmer Dialectics: Jewish and Romani Traces and Erasures in Contemporary European World Music
Author(s): Silverman, Carol
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Klezmer, Jewish Music, Jewish Heritage, Multiculturalism, Globalisation, Memory
Abstract: As klezmer and Balkan Romani music have become popularised in Western Europe since 1989, an increasing number of performers in both of these genres are non-Roma and non-Jews. This holds especially true for the new performance complex Gypsy/klezmer that imputes connections between two of Europe's quintessential Others, and, in transforming their ethnic specificities into a generic hybridity, facilitates the appropriation of their cultural goods by outsiders. I interrogate this complex and its semiotic conflation of Jews (absent Others constituted historically as over-present) and Roma (too-present Others who are historically absent) in the current European political climate that is multiculturalist but increasingly xenophobic. I note that Gypsy/klezmer performers claim a double authenticity based on a kind of hybridity that validates appropriation. I argue that specificities of Romani and Jewish geography, history and musical style are erased precisely as the Gypsy/klezmer complex becomes more popular.
Aspects of Italy's Jewish experience, as shaped by local and global factors
Author(s): Nissan, Ephraim
Editor(s): Gelbin, Cathy; Gilman, Sander L.
Date: 2014
Topics: Globalisation, Main Topic: Other
The third way: German–Russian–European Jewish identity in a global Jewish world
Author(s): Shneer, David
Editor(s): Gelbin, Cathy; Gilman, Sander L.
Date: 2014
Topics: Jewish Identity, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Diaspora
Retrospective and Afterological Considerations of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora: Whence and Whither?
Author(s): Markowitz, Fran
Date: 2009
Topics: Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Diaspora, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This article reviews the transformations undergone by Russian speaking Jews over the past half century, and how these have been portrayed in key scholarly texts. It analyzes the representation of Soviet Jews first as a people of silence, then as new immigrants in Israel and North America, and, most recently, as a globalized community or worldwide diaspora. But rather than accepting these identity transformations as a fait accompli, the article problematizes their present meanings and ponders future trends.
Home Lands: Portraits of the New Jewish Diaspora
Author(s): Tye, Larry
Date: 2001
Topics: Jewish Community, Diaspora, Globalisation, Jewish Revival, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Comparative Studies
Abstract: From Publishers Weekly review:

The new Jewish diaspora of a "heterogeneous people who thrive in secular societies" is here to stay, asserts Boston Globe journalist Tye (The Father of Spin). As these diverse Jewish communities have become not merely way stations but enduring homes, they have begun to remake Judaism itself. Tye tells this intriguing story through sketches of people and of life in seven cities. In Dsseldorf, he finds an Orthodox rabbi invoking a more pluralistic Judaism to educate Russian refugees. In Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, a fervent Lubavitcher Hasidic rabbi has energized a dormant community. In Buenos Aires, a Jewish polity fragmented by economic setbacks and anti-Semitic attacks has begun to revive with new models of worship and organization. In Paris, Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews have forged ties that could serve as a model for their fractious brethren in Israel. Tye's chapter on Dublin, where the Jewish community is dying, may at first seem anomalous, but, he argues, their determination to reestablish their "Gaelic brand of Judaism" elsewhere is a testament to the ability of Jews to survive wherever they may be. His two American chapters focus on Boston, where the Jewish community has fused learning, spirituality and social justice, and Atlanta, where rival denominations work with considerable amity. Yet Tye's optimism might have been better contextualized by a broader survey. Though the author understandably had to winnow his examples from many compelling possibilities, readers may wonder about Jewish communities in such places as Melbourne, Montreal and Johannesburg. While not a breakout book, Tye's presentation of a new diaspora may intrigue a broad Jewish audience.
Introduction: Turning the Kaleidoscope: Perspectives on European Jewry
Author(s): Lustig, Sandra H.; Leveson, Ian
Editor(s): Leveson, Ian; Lustig, Sandra H.
Date: 2006
Topics: Jewish Identity, Diaspora, Globalisation, Jewish Community, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Main Topic: Other
Judeo-Greek in the era of globalization
Author(s): Krivoruchko, Julia G.
Date: 2011
Topics: Romaniote Jews, Language, Diaspora, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This article presents a picture of the state and status of Judeo-Greek language varieties (JGLVs) in the post-modern period throughout the regions in which they are/were used, i.e. Greece, Israel and the USA. The paper gives historical background and weighs in on the methodological and theoretical controversies connected with the JGLVs and their place in the broader Greek-speaking realm. Special emphasis is placed on the sociological context of the emergence and use of JGLVs, including the postvernacular varieties brought forward by imagined Greek identities in Israel and the USA.
Minderheitenpolitik im Spannungsfeld von Diaspora und Nationalstaat. Das Beispiel der jüdischen Gemeinschaft in Deutschland
Translated Title: Minority policy between the poles of Diaspora and the nation state. The example of the Jewish community in Germany
Author(s): Körber, Karen
Editor(s): Amos, Sigrid Karin; Meseth, Wolfgang; Proske, Matthias
Date: 2011
Topics: Nationality, Diaspora, Minorities, Government, Globalisation, Immigration, Main Topic: Other, German-Jewish Relations
Abstract: Das Konzept der Diaspora hat in den vergangenen Jahren in der akademischen Diskussion eine hohe Konjunktur erfahren. War der Bedeutungsgehalt des Begriffs historisch auf die klassischen Fälle von teils gewaltsamer Vertreibung, teils freiwilliger Neusiedlung der jüdischen und griechischen, sowie schließlich der armenischen Gemeinden beschränkt, so bezieht er sich inzwischen auf quasi alle außerhalb ihres ursprünglichen Territoriums lebenden ethnischen Gruppen (Tölölyan 1991). Dieser Schritt markiert einen sowohl theoretischen wie auch politischen Einschnitt, der in einem engen Zusammenhang mit den Debatten über die kulturellen Effekte der Globalisierung steht. Die Wiederkehr der Diaspora kann gewissermaßen als exemplarische Repräsentation einer Vergesellschaftungsform verstanden werden, die mit unseren nach wie vor territorial verorteten Kategorien bricht und in ihren transnationalen Bezügen die Grenzen eines „methodologischen Nationalismus“ (Beck 2004) aufzeigt. Das begriffliche Gegenüber der Diaspora bildet demzufolge der Nationalstaat. Anschließend an den postkolonialen Diskurs scheinen diasporische Gemeinschaften als alternative Entwürfe deterritorialisierter kultureller Identitäten auf, die im strikten Gegensatz zu nationalstaatlich organisierten Gesellschaften konstruiert sind (vgl. Appadurai 1994; Clifford 1997; kritisch dazu Anthias 1998). Wie ich im Folgenden zeigen möchte, übersieht diese behauptete Fundamentalopposition, dass und in welcher Weise Migrationspopulationen nach wie vor durch nationalstaatliche Regimes und deren institutionelle Zwänge gekennzeichnet sind. Im Unterschied zu einer Position, die insbesondere das kosmopolitische und grenzüberschreitende Potenzial von Diaspora-Gemeinschaften unterstreicht, will ich insofern gerade auf deren Einbettung in jeweils nationalstaatliche Rahmen verweisen, in und gegenüber denen die lokalen Diasporas ihre kulturelle Eigenständigkeit zu behaupten versuchen. Ein solches Vorgehen ist mit der migrationssoziologischen Annahme verknüpft, dass Einwanderung als Prozess aufzufassen ist, den sowohl die aufnehmende Gesellschaft als auch die Immigranten selbst strukturieren. Es handelt sich dabei nicht um einen symmetrischen Prozess, sondern um einen zu Lasten der Einwanderer ungleich gewichteten, denn diese müssen auf die politischen und symbolischen Ordnungsmuster Bezug nehmen, die in den verschiedenen Aufnahmegesellschaften maßgeblich sind (Bauböck 1992). Diesem Spannungsverhältnis soll am Beispiel der Migration russischsprachiger Juden nach Deutschland nachgegangen werden.
Aspects of Italy's Jewish experience, as shaped by local and global factors
Author(s): Nissan, Ephraim
Date: 2011
Topics: Globalisation, Main Topic: Other, Nationality
Abstract: This article discusses a number of trends in the evolution of Italy's attitudes towards Jewish concerns since the 1980s. In this overview, such factors that can be better understood within broader trends known from elsewhere are privileged. The prevalent denial of Italy's sharing in the bleaker side of Europe's legacy has now been reduced: because of less parochial attitudes on the part of gentile culture; because of the passing away of the generation compromised by the Fascist persecution of the Jews and then ‘recycled’ into democratic society; because of present-day Italy's Jewry being both globalised (for example, in terms of information) and more assertive; and because of lessons learnt from bitter episodes in Italy, mainly the hatred pandemic of 1982–83. This was itself, arguably, at least in part a ‘glocalised’ reflection (a local adaptation of an outer trigger and a global response) of a worldwide media climate triggered by the war in Lebanon, but also a convergence of the product of local dynamics hastened by an outer trigger and a global catalyst. That episode, and the redefinition of formal agreements between Italy and its Jewry in the late 1980s, make that decade bisect the local Jewish experience since 1945, whereas the history of Italian politics was bisected by the end of the First Republic in the early 1990s, partly precipitated by the new geopolitics.
The third way: German–Russian–European Jewish identity in a global Jewish world
Author(s): Shneer, David
Date: 2011
Topics: Immigration, Jewish Identity, Pluralism, Globalisation, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: From 1990 until 2008, about 200,000 Jews from the former Soviet Union migrated to Germany. At the same time, Germany re-unified and took its place at the centre of the new Europe. In a global world, in which people maintain multiple homes, languages, identities and means of communication across thousands of miles, these migrants challenged German Jewish notions of identity, rootedness and community. Their particular Soviet and post-Soviet approaches to these issues also challenged the liberalising tendencies of an emerging European Jewish identity. This review essay examines how Soviet and post-Soviet Jewish migration to Germany interacted and intersected with new notions of European Jewish identity in Germany, with special focus on Berlin, the largest, most cosmopolitan Jewish community in Germany. Rather than continuing to bemoan the ‘failed integration’ of post-Soviet Jewry into some notion of fixed German Jewish identity or into liberal European notions of identity, a global approach would allow for the co-existence of many Jewish identities in a diverse German Jewish community.
The Israeli Diaspora
Author(s): Gold, Steven J.
Date: 2002
Topics: Israeli Expatriates, Immigration, Diaspora, Globalisation, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Israelis form a unique case in the field of diaspora studies. When the State of Israel was founded in 1948 it was seen as the longed-for end to the wandering and oppression which had characterized the Jewish diaspora over the centuries. For various reasons, however, one percent of the Israeli population chooses to live abroad despite the condemnation of those who see emigration as a threat to the ideological, demographic, and moral viability of Israel itself.

In this fascinating study, based on extensive field work in the major Israeli communities of New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris, and Sydney, Steven J. Gold looks at emigrants' reasons for leaving - existing links abroad, political and economic dissatisfaction at home, the lure of world-class career opportunities and cultural environments in global cities, and in the case of the Sephardim (or Israelis of non-European origin) often a feeling of being treated as second-class citizens. He also examines the tensions, compromises, and satisfactions involved in their relations with Israelis who have not left and with the Jewish and non-Jewish communities in the countries in which they settle. In the final chapter, Gold talks to Israeli men and women who after years as emigrants have made the decision to return. The end result is a major contribution not just to the study of the Israeli diaspora but also to our wider understanding of migration and transnational identity.
Global Affinities: Portuguese Marranos (Anusim), Traveling Jews, and Cultural Logics of Kinship
Author(s): Leite, Naomi
Date: 2011
Topics: Anusim / Crypto-Jews / Marranos, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Ethnography, Jewish Community, Jewish Identity, Jewish Peoplehood, Diaspora, Globalisation, Tourism
Abstract: This dissertation explores issues of identification, relatedness, and belonging on a global scale,
through an ethnographic study of Portugal’s urban Marranos (descendants of fifteenth-century
forced converts to Catholicism) and foreign Jews who travel from abroad to meet them.
Although not Jewish according to Jewish law, given centuries of intermarriage, Marranos are
nonetheless widely considered to be part of “the Jewish family,” “lost brethren” who should be
welcomed back to the Jewish people. Many Jews view them within the metanarrative of Jewish
destruction and survival, the “eternal spark” that remains despite the Inquisition’s attempted
elimination of Judaism from the Portuguese landscape. However, for numerous local reasons the
present-day Marranos are not welcomed by Portugal’s tiny normative Jewish community. As a
result, the urban Marranos, who feel strongly that they are Jews by descent, turn to foreign
Jewish travelers as sources of educational, spiritual, and material assistance in their bid to join
the Jewish world and attain recognition as Jews in the present.
Based on two years of fieldwork in Marrano organizations in Lisbon and Porto and traveling
alongside Jewish tourists and outreach workers, the dissertation undertakes a processual analysis
of the constitution of ancestral Jewish identity and of the role of transnational, cross-cultural
affective ties in affording a sense of global Jewish belonging. The primary questions driving this
work are, first, how and why do far-flung people come to feel that they are related to one
another, and what terms do they use to characterize and think through that feeling of relatedness?
Second, to what extent are their perceptions of essential connection disrupted or transformed by
face-to-face contact? By interrogating the cultural logics of kinship writ large—the language and
conceptual frameworks people use to articulate and make sense of their feelings of relatedness to
one another—and then examining how those logics play out “on the ground,” this study provides
a fine-grained ethnographic analysis of the mechanisms through which global and ancestral
imaginings become concretized in social interaction. Ultimately, I argue, physical proximity
remains the productive sphere for identification and belonging, even as global interconnection
provides new opportunities for encounter.
The Romaniote Jewish Community of New York
Author(s): Ikonomopoulos, Marcia Haddad
Date: 2007
Topics: Diaspora, Romaniote Jews, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Death of a language: the history of Judeo-Spanish
Author(s): Harris, Tracy K.
Date: 1994
Topics: Globalisation, Ladino, Language, Sephardi Jews, Diaspora, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: After expulsion from Spain in 1492, a large number of Spanish Jews (Sephardim) found refuge in lands of the Ottoman Empire. These Jews continued speaking a Spanish that, due to their isolation from Spain, developed independently in the empire from the various peninsular dialects. This language, called Judeo-Spanish (among other names), is the focus of Death of a Language, a sociolinguistic study describing the development of Judeo-Spanish from 1492 to the present, its characteristics, survival, and decline. To determine the current status of the language, Tracy K. Harris interviewed native Judeo-Spanish speakers from the sephardic communities of New York, Israel, and Los Angeles. This study analyzes the informants' use of the language, the characteristics of their speech, and the role of the language in Sephardic ethnicity.
Part I defines Judeo-Spanish, discusses the various names used to refer to the language, and presents a brief history of the Eastern Sephardim. The next part describes the language and its survival, first by examining the Spanish spoken by the Jews in pre-Expulsion Spain, and followed by a description of Judeo-Spanish as spoken in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the phonology, archaic features, new creations, euphemisms, proverbs, and foreign (non-Spanish) influences on the language. Finally, Harris discusses sociological or nonlinguistic reasons why Judeo-Spanish survived for four and one-half centuries in the Ottoman empire.
The third section of Death of a Language analyzes the present status and characteristics of Judeo-Spanish. This includes a description of the informants and the three Sephardic communities studied, as well as the present domains or uses of Judeo-Spanish in these communities. Current Judeo-Spanish shows extensive influences from English and Standard Spanish in the Judeo-Spanish spoken in the United States, and from Hebrew and French in Israel. No one under the age of fifty can speak it well enough (if at all) to pass it on to the next generation, and none of the informants' grandchildren can speak the language at all. Nothing is being done to ensure its perpetuation: the language is clearly dying.
Part IV examines the sociohistorical causes for the decline of Judeo-Spanish in the Levant and the United States, and presents the various attitudes of current speakers: 86 percent of the informants feel that the language is dying. A discussion of language and Sephardic identity from a sociolinguistic perspective comprises part V , which also examines Judeo-Spanish in the framework of dying languages in general and outlines the factors that contribute to language death. In the final chapter the author examines how a dying language affects a culture, specifically the role of Judeo-Spanish in Sephardic identity.
Place and ethnicity in two merchant diasporas: a comparison of Sindhis and Jews in Gibraltar
Author(s): Haller, Dieter
Date: 2003
Topics: Diaspora, Globalisation, Comparisons with other communities, Ethnicity, Ethnography, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: In this article I offer a comparative view on two merchant diasporas residing in the British crown colony of Gibraltar: the Sindhi Hindus and the Sephardic Jews. Diasporic groups have often been defined through their relationship to their homeland and/or place of residence. Based on fieldwork among these two groups I argue that their identifications, their culture and their social structure cannot be understood by focusing solely on local life and on the relationship to the homelands. A complete understanding must take account of a third spatial connection: the links between the individual communities that create a new and unique field of discourse, symbols and practice. This third connection is emblematic for the working of pre– and postmodern capitalist networks. The article examines this issue in relation to religion, education, politics and other arenas of life in Gibraltar and wider diasporas, drawing upon anthropological concepts of boundaries and borders, which are here conceived as ‘zones–in–between’. The research demonstrates how both local and global changes since 1945 have resulted in the contrasting paths taken by Sindhis and Jews in Gibraltar.
Bukharan Jews and the Dynamics of Global Judaism
Author(s): Cooper, Alanna E.
Date: 2012
Topics: Bukharian Jews, Ethnography, Globalisation, Diaspora, Immigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Part ethnography, part history, and part memoir, this volume chronicles the complex past and dynamic present of this ancient Mizrahi community. While intimately tied to the Central Asian landscape, the Jews of Bukhara have also maintained deep connections to the wider Jewish world. As the community began to disperse after the fall of the Soviet Union, Alanna E. Cooper travelled to Uzbekistan to document Jewish life there before it disappeared. Built around a series of dramatic encounters between Bukharan Jews and Jews from other Jewish centres from the 18th century to the present and drawing from Cooper's work among immigrants to the US, the book tells an intimate and personal story of what it means to be Bukharan Jewish. Cooper's lively narrative illuminates the tensions inherent in maintaining Judaism as a single global religion over the course of its long and varied diaspora history.
European Jews at the Crossroads
Date: 2017
Topics: Jewish Future, Strategic Planning, Globalisation, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Diaspora, Antisemitism, Main Topic: Other, Demography, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Jewish Status, Jewish Education, Religious Observance and Practice
Abstract: In February 2016, the 2nd Matanel Think Tank met in Pomezia, Italy to discuss the future of European Jewry. The attendees, professional or laypersons, serve their communities in the areas of research, planning, or rabbinical and educational guidance. Representing more than ten European countries, and diverse cultural backgrounds and religious denominations, they express a variety of points of view regarding the issues on the agenda of the Jewish people. This Matanel Paper makes available to the vast public a summary of the debates and the conclusions.

Contents:

Foreword - Joëlle Aflalo and Gad Boukobza
Program
Introduction - Eliahu Birnbaum
Summary of the Deliberations - Benjamin Myers
Jews in Europe - Ami Bouganim
Think Tank Participants
Transnational orientations from home: Constructions of Israel and transnational space among Ukrainian Jewish youth
Author(s): Golbert, Rebecca
Date: 2001
Topics: Diaspora, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Jewish Youth, Interviews, Globalisation, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This article addresses the transnational and diaspora orientations of Ukrainian Jewish youth at home, as articulated in discourse and practice. It suggests that young Ukrainian Jews locate their everyday experiences and relationships within transnational space, thereby transnationalising the local and localising the transnational. Within this local/global continuum, a vibrant transnational Ukrainian Jewish youth culture is emerging with its own unique characteristics, which simultaneously challenge assumptions about practices of diaspora and transnationalism and seek to redefine these concepts and their distinctions.
Turning the Kaleidoscope: Perspectives on European Jewry
Editor(s): Leveson, Ian; Lustig, Sandra H.
Date: 2006
Topics: Jewish Identity, Diaspora, Globalisation, Jewish Community, Israel-Diaspora Relations, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Far from being a blank space on the Jewish map, or a void in the Jewish cultural world, post-Shoah Europe is a place where Jewry has continued to develop, even though it is facing different challenges and opportunities than elsewhere. Living on a continent characterized by highly diverse patterns of culture, language, history, and relations to Jews, European Jewry mirrors that kaleidoscopic diversity. This volume explores such key questions as the new roles for Jews in Europe; models of Jewish community organization in Europe; concepts of diaspora and galut; a European-Jewish way of life in the era of globalization; and European Jews' relationship to Israel and to non-Jews. Some contributions highlight experiences of Jews in Britain, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands. Helping us to understand the special and common characteristics of European Jewry, this collection offers a valuable contribution to the continued rebuilding of Jewish life in the postwar era.

Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Sandra Lustig and Ian Leveson
PART I: OVERARCHING QUESTIONS
Chapter 1. A New Role for Jews in Europe: Challenges and Responsibilities
Diana Pinto
Chapter 2. European Models of Community: Can Ambiguity Help?
Clive A. Lawton
Chapter 3. Concepts of Diaspora and Galut
Michael Galchinsky
Chapter 4. ‘Homo Zappiens’: A European-Jewish Way of Life in the Era of Globalisation
Lars Dencik
Chapter 5. Israel and Diaspora: From Solution to Problem
Göran Rosenberg
PART II: INNER-JEWISH CONCERNS: REBUILDING AND CONTINUITY
Chapter 6. Left Over – Living after the Shoah: (Re-)building Jewish Life in Europe. A Panel Discussion
Sandra Lustig
Chapter 7. Debora’s Disciples: AWomen’s Movement as an Expression of Renewing Jewish Life in Europe
Lara Dämmig and Elisa Klapheck
Chapter 8. A Jewish Cultural Renascence in Germany?
Y. Michal Bodemann
PART III: THE JEWISH SPACE IN EUROPE
Chapter 9. The Jewish Space in Europe
Diana Pinto
Chapter 10. Caught between Civil Society and the Cultural Market: Jewry and the Jewish Space in Europe. A Response to Diana Pinto
Ian Leveson and Sandra Lustig
Chapter 11. ‘The Germans Will Never Forgive the Jews for Auschwitz’. When Things Go Wrong in the Jewish Space: The Case of the Walser-Bubis Debate
Sandra Lustig
Notes on Contributors
Index