Abstract: This paper aims at providing a new systemic contribution to research about perceptions of antisemitism/Judeophobia by contemporary Jews in 12 European Union countries. The perspective – the viewpoint of the offended side – has been less prominent relatively in research literature on antisemitism. The data analysis demonstrates the potential power of Similarity Structure Analysis (SSA) as a better theoretical and empirical tool to describe and conceptualize the contents of chosen research issues. After a brief review of some methodological problems in the study of antisemitism, this paper will re-elaborate data first published in the report of the 2018 FRA study Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism – Second survey on Discrimination and Hate Crimes against Jews in the EU (FRA 2018a). Topics include the perceived importance of antisemitism as a societal issue, the contents of anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination, channels of transmission, perpetrators of offenses, regional differences within Europe, and the role of antisemitism perceptions as a component of Jewish identification. Special attention is paid to the distinction between cognitive and experiential perceptions of antisemitism, and to the typology of practical, populist, political, and narrative antisemitism.
Abstract: Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, discrimination and unequal treatment, property damage and graffiti or other forms of speech or text, including on the internet. Antisemitic incidents and hate crime violate fundamental rights, especially the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
The present report provides an overview of data on antisemitism as recorded by international organisations and by official and unofficial sources in the 28 European Union (EU) Member States, based on their own definitions and categorisations. ‘Official data’ are understood here as those collected by law enforcement agencies, other authorities that are part of criminal justice systems and relevant state ministries at the national level. ‘Unofficial data’ refers to data collected by civil society organisations.
This is the 15th edition of FRA’s report on the situation of data collection on antisemitism in the EU (including reports published by FRA’s predecessor, the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia).
Abstract: A partir de las experiencias de enseñanza a grupos de aprendientes extranjeros de la escritura aljamiada del judeoespañol, se propone una revisión de los siguientes temas: 1) La pertinencia de la enseñanza de variedades lingüísticas (/dialectales) del español a extranjeros, especialmente cuando estas variedades son reducidas o prácticamente arcaicas, como en el caso del judeoespañol. 2) La relevancia de los aspectos culturales en la motivación para el aprendizaje de español. 3) La metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la escritura, desde nuestros conocimientos de aprendizaje lectoescritor infantil.
Los resultados de la experiencia docente, y el análisis evaluativo de los procesos, sugiere los siguientes resultados: 1) La enseñanza del judeoespañol y variedades lingüísticas del español puede poseer interés, incluso hoy, si bien a destinatarios reducidos y con competencias lingüísticas elevadas, como complemento al aprendizaje general de la lengua. 2) Estos destinatarios se encuentran motivados hacia el aprendizaje de esta variedad del español, principalmente dentro de un racimo de intereses en los que los contenidos culturales y lingüísticos se encuentran fuertemente imbricados. 3) Los avances en enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en los niveles educativos de Infantil y Primaria proporcionan herrmientas metodológicas aptas para su aplicación en la enseñanza de la lectura y escritura a adultos
Abstract: Los instrumentos y técnicas docentes, tanto en estudios primarios y secundarios como en el ámbito universitario, se adaptan a los nuevos métodos desarrollados por la ciencia de la didáctica para un mejor entendimiento y asimilación. Este hecho encuen-tra también formas en las nuevas tecnologías (TIC) que sirven como refuerzo para el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, herramientas clásicas tales como el uso del teatro aún siguen teniendo resultados destacables. El objetivo de estas páginas es el de ofrecer el modo en que se articula el género dramático en la adquisición de elementos lingüísticos, culturales e histórico-sociales y su practicidad en los estudiantes de grado en la Uni-versidad de Granada a través de dos ejemplos prácticos, el teatro en lengua hebrea y en judeoespañol o sefardí. 1. El género teatral en el contexto pedagógico: técnicas y aprendizaje de idiomas La enseñanza de técnicas teatrales no está programada en las guías docentes ni for-ma parte de ellas como una materia optativa, en nuestro caso, en el grado de Lenguas Modernas y sus Literaturas de la Universidad de Granada. Esta tarea, aunque requiere importante consideración y queda en manos de los responsables del taller, docentes que actúan como los directores del mismo. Las claves que se aplican en esta actividad, destinada a alumnos de idioma y cultura, tienen que ver con las formas de comuni-cación y la construcción de un conocimiento intercultural. El espacio teatral genera un lugar en el cual el alumno/actor puede discutir su personalidad y confrontarla con
Abstract: This report presents the main findings of FRA’s second survey on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism. It analyses data from the responses of 16,395 selfidentified Jewish people (aged 16 or over) in 12 EU Member States – Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. These Member States are home to over 96 % of the EU’s estimated Jewish population. In addition to the 12 EU Member States mentioned above, FRA also carried out the survey in Latvia. Due to the low response level to the online dissemination campaign in Latvia, changes in recruitment methodology and data collection were applied. While the survey was able to reach more respondents in this way, the changes in the respondent recruitment and data collection methods limit the scope for comparisons between Latvia and the other survey countries.
Topics: Antisemitism, Fundraising and Philanthropy, Israel Attachment, Jewish Continuity, Religious Denominations, Security, Surveys, Jewish Leadership, Jewish Organisations, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity
Abstract: The Fourth Survey of European Jewish Community Leaders and Professionals, 2018 presents the results of an online survey offered in 10 languages and administered to 893 respondents in 29 countries. Conducted every three years using the same format, the survey seeks to identify trends and their evolution in time.
The survey asked Jewish lay leaders and community professionals questions regarding future community priorities, identifying the main threats to Jewish life, views on the safety and security situation in their cities, including emergency preparedness, and opinions on an array of internal community issues. Examples include conversions, membership criteria policies on intermarriage, and their vision of Europe and Israel.
The respondents were comprised of presidents and chairpersons of nationwide “umbrella organizations” or Federations; presidents and executive directors of private Jewish foundations, charities, and other privately funded initiatives; presidents and main representatives of Jewish communities that are organized at a city level; executive directors and programme coordinators, as well as current and former board members of Jewish organizations; among others.
The JDC International Centre for Community Development established the survey as a means to identify the priorities, sensibilities and concerns of Europe’s top Jewish leaders and professionals working in Jewish institutions, taking into account the changes that European Jewry has gone through since 1989, and the current political challenges and uncertainties in the continent. In a landscape with few mechanisms that can truly gauge these phenomena, the European Jewish Community Leaders Survey is an essential tool for analysis and applied research in the field of community development.
The Survey team was directed by Dr. Barry Kosmin (Trinity College), who has conducted several large national social surveys and opinion polls in Europe, Africa and the U.S., including the CJF 1990 US National Jewish Population Survey.
Abstract: Since the early 1990s, and coinciding with the celebratory events of the fifth centenary, new cultural initiatives related to the legacies of Spain’s Jewish inhabitants have been added to the marketing of the country as a tourist destination. This article analyses how these initiatives foreground convivencia [coexistence] as a uniquely Spanish cultural tradition and shape it into a marketable ideological product, by focusing on the town of Hervás, in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, as a prime example of the complexities inherent in these tourism initiatives. Over the last twelve years Hervás has organized a celebration of its Jewish identity in ‘Los conversos’ [‘The converts’], a three-day festival in which the town’s inhabitants dress up as ‘Jews’ and stage a collective performance of a theatre play related to its Jewish past. Through careful analysis of the gradual changes that have been incorporated into the festival and the play over the years, the article studies the entanglement of desires and anxieties and the multiple contradictions that arise as this town foregrounds its Jewish past to negotiate unresolved issues of transnational, national, regional and local identity. The article combines an analysis of textual sources, especially the literary works on which Hervás has relied to construct the image of itself promoted in the festival, and materials gathered from fieldwork there (promotional materials, video footage and photographs of the celebrations, interviews with organizers and participants, etc.). It also relies on the research undertaken by local historian Marciano de Hervás, and current theorizations of patrimonialization and heritagization (Urry 1995; Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 1998) and the ‘reinvention’ of Jewish culture in Europe (Gruber 2002) in the field of tourism studies.
Abstract: Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, property damage and graffiti or other forms of speech or text, including on the internet. Antisemitic incidents and hate crime violate fundamental rights, including the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
This annual overview compiles the available evidence on antisemitic incidents collected by governmental and non-governmental sources, covering the period 1 January 2006– 31 December 2016, where data are available. In addition, it includes a section that presents evidence from international organisations. No official data on reported antisemitic incidents in 2016 were available for 11 Member States by the time this report was compiled in September 2017.
‘Official data’ are understood here as those collected by law enforcement agencies, other authorities that are part of criminal justice systems and relevant state ministries at the national level. ‘Unofficial data’ refers to data collected by civil society organisations.
Abstract: Desde que en 2009, el Observatorio de Antisemitismo comenzó a recopilar información sobre incidentes antisemitas
en España, es recurrente recibir las mismas preguntas: ¿Existe antisemitismo en España?, ¿Cuántos casos hay ?
Lamentablemente, la respuesta es Sí. El antisemitismo en España no es ni un mito ni un mal recuerdo del pasado.
Es una realidad que está presente en nuestra sociedad.
Pero mientras que la violencia física contra una persona o una propiedad judía son claramente actos antisemitas,
ciertas manifestaciones, actos e incluso palabras que forman parte del lenguaje cotidiano no son claramente
identifi cados como antisemitas. Sin embargo, son estos los ejemplos que nos ilustran acerca de cuan profundas
son las raíces del odio antijudío en España. Un mal social tan antiguo como persistente y camaleónico.
Muchos de las denuncias recibidas por este Observatorio a lo largo del 2011, refi eren a las huellas y residuos del
odio que se han trasmitido a lo largo de la historia.
Since 2009, when the Observatory on Anti-Semitism in Spain began to gather information about anti-Semitic
incidents in Spain, it is recurrent getting the same questions: Is there Anti-Semitism in Spain? How many cases
occur?
Unfortunately, the answer is Yes. Anti-Semitism in Spain is not a myth, nor a bad memory from the past. It is a reality
present in our society.
But while physical violence against Jewish persons or properties are clearly anti-Semitic acts, certain events, actions
and even words, that are part of the everyday language, are not clearly identifi ed as anti-Semitic. However, these
are the examples that illustrate us about how deep are the roots of Jew-hatred in Spain. A social evil so ancient as
persistent and chameleonic.
Many of the reports received by the Observatory during 2011 refer to the traces and residues of hatred that have
been transmitted throughout history
Abstract: Por cuarto año consecutivo el Observatorio de Antisemitismo compila en un informe los hechos y denuncias registrados a largo del año. A diferencia de otros países europeos, y pese a los requerimientos de distintas organizaciones españolas y de instituciones internacionales, en España no existe registro ofi cial del Estado sobre incidentes y delitos de odio. Sin embargo, el antisemitismo tanto organizado como latente es evidente como muestra la información recogida en el Observatorio de Antisemitismo. En 2012, por cantidad de denuncias, a la cabeza están las expresiones en páginas web y redes sociales, seguidas de pintadas y grafi tis, un poco más distante, los medios de comunicación y en menor medida agresiones personales verbales y a la propiedad. Los actos de violencia física contra personas o inmuebles son casi inexistentes. Además, el presente Informe recoge iniciativas encaminadas a combatir, denunciar y analizar el antisemitismo. El antisemitismo que se da en nuestro país tiene sus singularidades. Se trata de un rechazo hacia “lo judío” sin que la población española conozca a ningún judío, dadas las escasas dimensiones de la comunidad judía española.
For the fourth consecutive year, the Observatory on Anti-Semitism in Spain collects the facts and complaints registered during the year. Unlike other European countries, and despite the requirements of international institutions, in Spain it does not exists an offi cial statistical fi le of hate crime incidents recorded by the Government, and therefore, we lack of an objective measurement of anti-Semitic incidents. However, both latent and organized anti-Semitism, are an evidence, as shown by the information gathered by the Observatory on Anti-Semitism in Spain. In 2012, by number of complaints, the most frequent anti-Semitic incidents can be found in websites and social media, followed by anti-Semitic graffi ti, and to a lesser extent verbal assaults and damage to property. Acts of physical violence against individuals or property are almost non-existent. In addition, this report includes initiatives to combat, report and analyze anti-Semitism. Spanish Anti-Semitism is quite peculiar. It is a rejection of any kind of Jewishness, without the Spanish population probably knowing any Jew at all, given the small size of the Spanish Jewish community
Abstract: Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, property damage, graffiti or other forms of text, including on the internet. This report relates to manifestations of antisemitism as they are recorded by official and unofficial sources in the 28 European Union (EU) Member States.
‘Official data’ is understood here as that collected by law enforcement agencies, criminal justice systems and relevant state ministries at the national level. ‘Unofficial data’ refers to data collected by civil society organisations.
This report compiles available data on antisemitic incidents collected by international, governmental and non-governmental sources, covering the period 1 January 2004– 31 December 2014, where data are available. No official data on reported antisemitic incidents were available for seven Member States at the time this report was compiled: Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Malta and Portugal.
Topics: Antisemitism, Fundraising and Philanthropy, Israel Attachment, Jewish Continuity, Religious Denominations, Security, Surveys, Jewish Leadership, Jewish Organisations, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity
Abstract: Launched by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee’s International Centre for Community Development (JDC-ICCD), and conducted by a research team at Trinity College (Hartford, Connecticut, USA) between June and August 2015, the Third Survey of European Jewish Leaders and Opinion Formers presents the results of an online survey administered to 314 respondents in 29 countries. The survey was conducted online in five languages: English, French, Spanish, German and Hungarian. The Survey of European Jewish Leaders and Opinion Formers is conducted every three or four years using the same format, in order to identify trends and their evolution. Findings of the 2015 edition were assessed and evaluated based on the results of previous surveys (2008 and 2011). The survey posed Jewish leaders and opinion formers a range of questions about major challenges and issues that
concern European Jewish communities in 2015, and about their expectations of how communities will evolve over the next 5-10 years. The 45 questions (see Appendix) dealt
with topics that relate to internal community structures and their functions, as well as the external environment affecting communities. The questionnaire also included six open-ended questions in a choice of five languages. These answers form the basis of the qualitative analysis of the report. The questions were organized under the following headings:• Vision & Change (6 questions)
• Decision-Making & Control (1 question)
• Lay Leadership (1 question)
• Professional Leadership (2 questions)
• Status Issues & Intermarriage (5 questions)
• Organizational Frameworks (2 questions)
• Community Causes (2 questions)
• Jewish Education (1 question)
• Funding (3 questions)
• Communal Tensions (3 questions)
• Anti-Semitism/Security (5 questions)
• Europe (1 question)
• Israel (1 question)
• Future (2 questions)
• Personal Profile (9 questions)
Abstract: Après plusieurs siècles d'oubli consécutifs à l'expulsion des juifs d'Espagne, ce pays a redécouvert, voici quelque cent cinquante ans, la diaspora judéo-espagnole et le lien historique avec les descendants des exilés de 1492. Rencontres et évitements ; nostalgie envers une culture survivant hors des frontières et visées néo-coloniales en Méditerranée ; solidarité affichée à l'égard des " Espagnols sans patrie " ; mais refus de rapatriements aux heures sombres des pogroms et de la Shoah ; d'innombrables ambiguïtés ponctuent les étapes du rapprochement hispano- juif, jusqu'au sauvetage des juifs par Franco durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La " question juive ", s'est nourrie en Espagne d'affrontements parlementaires à propos de la liberté religieuse, des échos de l'affaire Dreyfus ou encore de l'édition des Protocoles des sages de Sion. Paradoxe : la marginalisation des Chuetas de Majorque, la persistance d'un antijudaïsme populaire, la création, en 1941, d'un Fichier juif se sont conjuguées avec l'exaltation de Sefarad. Aujourd'hui se dessinent de nouveaux enjeux politiques et mémoriels : statut de la judaïcité espagnole issue d'immigrations récentes, réappropriations du legs médiéval, dialogue avec les différentes instances du judaïsme mondial. En focalisant l'éclairage à la fois sur la longue durée et ses principaux temps forts, cet ouvrage entend restituer dans toute sa complexité la lente normalisation des relations hispano-juives contemporaines
Abstract: Expulsados de España en 1492, los judíos olieron a ella cuatro silos después de ausencia. Ese regreso al viejo solar patrio –que nunca olvidaron- fue un proceso lento y sutil, lleno de vicisitudes, intolerancias y ayudas, sobre el trasfondo de unos años especialmente duros, grises y agrios.
Este libro es la crónica fiel y minuciosa de ese Retorno a Sefarad, un capitulo de nuestra reciente historia muy poco conocido y que ahora, por primera vez, se nos presenta en todos sus pormenores, gracias a la intensa y rigurosa labor investigadora del autor, que ha tenido acceso a importantes archivos españoles y extranjeros, y oportunidad de entrevistarse con muchos de los protagonistas de esta historia.
José Antonio Lisbona Martín, es periodista, con más de una década de ejercicio; ha cursado estudios de Ciencias Políticas en su especialidad de Relaciones Internacionales y es diplomado en Lengua y Civilización francesa por la Universidad de la Sorbona de Paris. Su carrera profesional se ha desarrollado en el diario La Vanguardia, la agencia de noticias Efe y en Televisión Española. En la actualidad es corresponsal-jefe de Radio France Internationale para España y Portugal Colabora regularmente en el diario El País y en otros medios de comunicación nacionales y extranjeros. Especialista en temas de Oriente Medio, es autor de varias monografías de arte y de otro libro de investigación como: España-Israel. Historia de unas Relaciones Secretas.
Abstract: Contrairement aux prolifiques études hébraïques, juives et séfardites sur le passé, les institutions universitaires espagnoles s'intéressent assez peu à l'étude des communautés juives actuelles. Dans les pages qui suivent, l’accent sera mis sur ce que pourrait être la promotion des études juives contemporaines en Espagne et sur la signification et les enjeux à la fois scientifiques, intellectuels et socio-culturels de cette promotion. Quatre paramètres fondamentaux sont pris en compte. En premier lieu, la recherche académique et scientifique longtemps tournée vers le passé évolue lentement et amorce aujourd’hui une ouverture sur les études contemporaines. D’un autre côté, le patrimoine monumental juif fait l'objet d'une active réhabilitation et promotion de la part des institutions et entités publiques espagnoles (avec, dans certains cas, le soutien d’organismes juifs internationaux). En troisième lieu, la réalité sociale/sociologique du judaïsme espagnol contemporain est dynamique et de plus en plus visible. Enfin, et comme toile de fond incontournable, le regard social des Espagnols envers les Juifs et le fait juif ne doit pas être négligé.
