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A Still Small Voice: Considering the Significance of Teacher Narratives in Contemporary Jewish Education
Author(s): Pomson, Alex D M
Editor(s): Rich, Yisrael; Bar-Lev, Mordekhai; Rosenak, Michael
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Education, Jewish Teachers, Jewish Schools, Main Topic: Education, Narrative, Teaching and Pedagogy
Bezalels legacy: Investigating a place for visual arts within Jewish studies teaching in Jewish primary schools
Author(s): Miller, Helena
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Education, Jewish Schools, Schools: Primary / Elementary, Jewish Arts
Identity, Space and Boundaries: Ultra-Orthodox Judaism in Contemporary Britain
Author(s): Valins, Oliver
Date: 1999
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Jewish Neighbourhoods, Jewish Space, Geography, Demography, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Using theoretical concepts concerning space, identity and boundaries, this thesis examines a contemporary ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Broughton Park, Manchester (located in the north of England). The thesis discusses how these Jews practise and understand their lives within the context of a (post)modem world. Demographically, the overall population of Anglo-Jewry is declining (by as much as a third in the past forty years), with fears expressed about its future survival. Socially, there are major schisms between the different branches of Judaism, with increasing concerns about a polarisation between religious and secular. These factors provide the background to this thesis, which examines arguably the most extreme and still rapidly growing form of Judaism. The thesis uses a theoretical framework which takes seriously post-positivist understandings of space and identity, in which movement, inter-connections and, in particular, processes of hybridity are recognised. Same and other are never pure. Nonetheless, such theoretical conceptions tend to deny particular people's situated attempts to defend, institutionalise and 'slow down' identities and spaces, which are, I argue, key factors in understanding people's everyday lives. While such stabilisations can be described as reactionary, I suggest that they may also be celebrated (although in complex and ambivalent ways) as resistances to forces of homogeneity. Through the empirical materials collected in Broughton Park, a discussion of the institutionalisation of space detailed in the sacred text of the Talmud, and a reconsideration of post-positivist theories to do with identity and space, the thesis draws upon and extends critiques of hybridity as always a (positive) force of resistance, and boundaries as necessarily reactionary and aligned with powers of domination. Overall, it offers a theoretical and methodological framework with which to interrogate 'geographies of Jewry', taking seriously those calls for 'geographies of religion' to make use of post positivist understandings of space and identity.
The Level of Anti-Semitism in Ukraine
Author(s): Paniotto, Volodymyr
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France
Author(s): Wiedmer, Caroline Alice
Date: 1999
Topics: Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Commemoration, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory
Abstract: Over a half a century after World War II, Germany and France still struggle to understand the Holocaust and to confront their roles in the tragedy. Through an interpretation of a wide array of contemporary cultural texts--including memorials and memorial sites, museums and exhibits, national commemorations, books, and films--Caroline Wiedmer traces the evolution of an often conflicted postwar politics of memory in these two nations. Her analyses of sites of memory and of policies and national debates reveal the two countries' deep-seated ambivalence in the face of a desire to forget the horrors of the Holocaust and the need to remember them. Among the issues Wiedmer examines are France's emerging sense of accountability and the fierce conflicts generated by the "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe" to be built in Berlin. In her detailed account of how the Nazis took over a ready-made system of internment
Jews, Arabs and the Theorisation of Racism in Britain and France
Author(s): Silverman, Max; Yuval-Davis, Nira
Editor(s): Brah, Avtar; Hickman, Mary J.; Mac an Ghaill, Máirtín
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Racism, Race, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Until recently theories of racism in Britain have largely been constructed within a black/white and anti-colonial paradigm. However, over the last few years this has changed considerably. Today, new paradigms have emerged which have widened the discussion of racism to include, among others, Jews and Arabs. In France, on the other hand, the black/white paradigm has played a more marginal (if growing) role, whereas Jews and Arabs have for long been central to theorisations of racism.
Erklärungsmodell des Antisemitismus: Zwei ungarische Meinungsumfragen
Translated Title: Explanatory model of antisemitism: Two Hungarian opinion polls
Author(s): Enyedi, Zsolt
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Surveys
Antisemitismus im gegenwärtigen Ungarn. Ein Forschungsbericht
Translated Title: Anti-Semitism in contemporary Hungary. A research report
Author(s): Kovács, András
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Die "Normalisierung" antisemitistischer Erfahrungen: Junge russisch-jüdische Migranten erinnern ihre Kindheit in der Sowjetunion
Translated Title: The "normalization" of anti-Semitic experiences: Young Russian-Jewish migrants remember their childhood in the Soviet Union
Author(s): Heider, Angelika; Rapoport, Tamar
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Jewish Perceptions of Antisemitism, Russian-Speaking Jews, Russian Emigration, Youth, Interviews, Immigration
Staatlicher Antisemitismus in Rußland - Renaissance oder Auflösung?
Translated Title: State Antisemitism in Russia - Renaissance or Dissolution?
Author(s): Mathyl, Markus
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Antisemitic prejudice in contemporary Hungary
Author(s): Kovács, András
Editor(s): Enyedi, Zsolt; Erös, Ferenc
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Attitude Surveys
Sources of antisemitism - evidences from Hungary
Author(s): Enyedi, Zsolt
Editor(s): Enyedi, Zsolt; Erös, Ferenc
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Antisemitism of the Ukrainian Radical Nationalists: Ideology and Policy
Author(s): Dymerskaya-Tsigelman, Luidmilla; Finberg, Leonid
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Far right, Nationalism
Antisemitic Prejudices in Contemporary Hungary
Author(s): Kovács, András
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Religious and ethnic group influences on beliefs about mental illness: A qualitative interview study
Author(s): Cinnirella, Marco; Loewenthal, Kate Miriam
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Mental Health, Psychology/Psychiatry, Psychotherapy / Psychoanalysis, Religious Belief, Comparisons with other communities, Interviews
Abstract: An in‐depth qualitative interview study is reported, with respondents (N = 52; all female) from the following urban‐dwelling religious groups: White Christian, Pakistani Muslim, Indian Hindu, Orthodox Jewish and Afro‐Caribbean Christian. Qualitative thematic analysis of open‐ended interview responses revealed that the degree to which religious coping strategies were perceived to be effective in the face of depressive and schizophrenic symptoms, varied across the groups, with prayer being perceived as particularly effective among Afro‐Caribbean Christian and Pakistani Muslim groups. Across all non‐white groups, and also for the Jewish group, there was fear of being misunderstood by outgroup health professionals, and among Afro‐Caribbean Christian and Pakistani Muslim participants, evidence of a community stigma associated with mental illness, leading to a preference for private coping strategies. The results lend further support to recent calls for ethnic‐specific mental health service provision and highlight the utility of qualitative methodology for exploring the link between religion and lay beliefs about mental illness.
Beliefs about the Efficacy of Religious, Medical and Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Depression and Schizophrenia among Women from Different Cultural–Religious Groups in Great Britain
Author(s): Loewenthal, Kate Miriam; Cinnirella, Marco
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Jewish Women, Comparisons with other communities, Mental Health, Interviews, Psychology/Psychiatry, Religious Belief
Abstract: In a semi-structured interview study we examined the views of 59 adult women from five cultural–religious groups in Britain (black Christian, white Christian, Hindu, Jewish and Muslim) on the efficacy of different forms of help for depression and schizophrenia. We compared the perceived effectiveness of religious help with psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Religious factors were viewed as more important for depression than for schizophrenia. Of the possible religious interventions, prayer was most often seen as helpful. Between-group differences are described. Religious factors were clearly seen as important in managing mental illness, and this has implications for help-seeking and adherence.
Is There a Place for Yiddish in Poland's Jewish Revival?
Author(s): Adamczyk-Garbowska, Monika
Editor(s): Estraikh, Gennady; Krutikov, Mikhail
Date: 1999
Topics: Yiddish, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Revival, Post-1989
Yiddish in the Former Soviet Union since 1989: A Statistical-Demographic Analysis
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Editor(s): Estraikh, Gennady; Krutikov, Mikhail
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Demography, Yiddish
Jewish Practices among Contemporary Anusim
Author(s): Halevy, Schulamith C.
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Heritage, Religious Observance and Practice, Anusim / Crypto-Jews / Marranos, Family and Household, Sephardi Jews
Abstract: Although occasional lists of contemporary crypto-Jewish practices specific to one region or another have appeared, the phenomenon continues to be treated as isolated to one or two locations. This paper surveys aspects of heritage observed and reported by descendents of anusim worldwide. The material was collected over the last seven years through observation, interviews, conversations and correspondence—traditional and electronic—with over three hundred informants. Places where specific customs were reported with some frequency are mentioned and sources to evaluate the connection to Judaism are also provided. Constellations of observances are illustrated with the description of three crypto-Jewish families.
'A tale of two cultures' : a dialogical study of the cultures of a Jewish and a Catholic secondary school
Author(s): Scholefield, Lynne
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Education, Jewish Schools, Jewish - Christian Relations, Dialogue, Comparisons with other communities, Ethnography, Interfaith Dialogue
Abstract: Interpreting culture as symbols, stories, rituals and values, the thesis explores the culture of a Jewish and a Catholic secondary school in a dialogical way. The survey of the literature in Chapter 1 identifies relevant school-based research and locates the chosen case-study schools within the context of the British 'dual system'. Chapter 2 draws on the theoretical and methodological literatures of inter-faith dialogue and ethnography to develop and defend a paradigm for the research defined as open-inclusivist and constructivist. The main body of the thesis (Chapters 3-5), based on field-work undertaken in 1996 and 1997, presents the two schools in parallel with each other. Chapter 3 describes the details of the case studies at 'St. Margaret's' and 'Mount Sinai' and my developing research relationship with each school. In Chapter 4 many different voices from each school are woven into two 'tales' about the schools' cultures. This central chapter has a deliberately narrative style. Chapter 5 amplifies the cultural tales through the analysis of broadly quantitative data gained from an extensive questionnaire administered to a sample of senior students in each school. It is the only place in the thesis where views and values from the two schools are directly compared. The final two chapters widen the horizon of the study. Chapter 6 presents voices which were not part of the original case studies but which relate, in different ways, to the culture of the two schools. Chapter 7, with theoretical ideas about Jewish schools and education, and Catholic schools and education, provides resources for further dialogue about culture within Judaism and Catholicism and for Jewish-Christian dialogue. The thesis ends with some reflections on possible implications of the two cultures for discussions about the common good in education.
On ‘Cabbages and Kings’: The Politics of Jewish identity in Post-Colonial French society and cuisine
Author(s): Bahloul, Joelle
Editor(s): Grew, Raymond
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Food, Post-Colonial
The Yiddish language in Estonia: Past and present
Author(s): Verschik, Anna
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Yiddish, Language
On the Lexicon of Estonian Yiddish
Author(s): Verschik, Anna
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Interviews, Yiddish, Language, Linguistics
Jaaroverzicht antisemitisme in Nederland 1998
Translated Title: Annual Review of antisemitism in the Netherlands in 1998
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Het aantal antisemitische incidenten is ten opzichte van 1997 gelijk blijven. Toen was er sprake van een duidelijke toename ten opzichte van 1996. Ook de aard van de incidenten is vergelijkbaar met die uit 1997.
Verheugend is dat extreem-rechtse partijen bij de gemeenteraads- en parlementsverkiezingen vrijwel zijn weggevaagd. Belangrijk in dit kader is ook dat de extreem-rechtse partij CP’86 verboden en ontbonden werd verklaard.

Over revisionisme – de ontkenning van de Holocaust – ontving CIDI in 1998 geen klachten. Vermoedelijk is ook nu weer de goede wetgeving in Nederland en het feit dat Holocaustontkenners een ontsnappingsroute via internet hebben gevonden de oorzaak. Zolang zij een buitenlandse provider hebben is het moeilijk hen in Nederland aan te pakken. Het Meldpunt Discriminatie Internet is zich verder aan het profesionaliseren. Gezien de toename van racisme en antisemitisme op internet is dat een goede ontwikkeling.

Antisemitisme en racisme in de sport krijgt weliswaar veel aandacht, maar er wordt niet adequaat tegen opgetreden. Antisemitische incidenten worden niet apart geregistreerd, aan antisemitische spreekkoren wordt niets gedaan.
Rapport sur l’antisémitisme en Suisse 1998
Translated Title: Report on antisemitism in Switzerland 1998
Date: 1999
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: En 1998, le débat sur les fonds en déshérence dans les banques suisses et le rôle de la Suisse pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale a continué à provoquer des manifestations antisémites, mais dans une mesure réduite. De même qu'en 1996 et 1997, des dirigeants de groupes d'extrême-droite ont exploité ces questions pour nourrir les sentiments antisémites. En 1998, quelques antisémites et négationnistes notoires, tel Jürgen Graf, ont été condamnés par la loi suisse contre le racisme.
Obnovovanie Kontinuity?
Translated Title: Restoration of Continuity?
Author(s): Alexander, Samuel
Editor(s): Gál, Egon
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Revival, Jewish Continuity, Main Topic: Identity and Community
The Jewish community of Thessaloniki: An exploration of memory and identity in a Mediterranean city.
Author(s): Lewkowicz, Bea
Date: 1999
Topics: Ethnography, Memory, Oral History and Biography, Jewish Community, Sephardi Jews, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: This study is an ethnographic account of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki and a description and analysis of oral histories gathered during my fieldwork in 1994. The thesis looks at the intersection of history, memory, and identity by analysing how identities and memories are shaped by historical experiences and how identities shape memories of historical experiences. Thessaloniki has undergone tremendous changes in the twentieth century. The demographic, political, and architectural landscape has radically altered. In the context of my thesis, the most relevant changes concern the ethnic and religious composition of Thessaloniki's population, the city's incorporation into the Greek nation-state (1912), the subsequent introduction of nationalism, and the annihilation of 48,000 Salonikan Jews during the Second World War. The thesis explores how these historical changes and 'events' are represented in individual narratives of Jews in Thessaloniki and in the realm of Jewish communal memory, how these historical changes have affected the formulations of Jewish communal and individual identity and memory, and how Jewish memory relates to the general landscape of memory in contemporary Greece. In chapters one and two, I discuss the theoretical framework and methodology of this thesis. Discussions on ethnicity, nationalism, memory, and certain themes of the 'anthropology of Greece' form the theoretical background of this study. The methodology applied consists of ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviewing. Chapter three presents a historical overview of the history of Thessaloniki and its Jewish community, and discusses the position of minorities in contemporary Greece. I describe the current structure and organisation of the community and look at some demographic developments of the Salonikan Jewish population in chapter four. I then proceed to a detailed account of the interviews which constitutes the main part of the thesis. Chapter five deals with the pre-war past, chapters six and seven with the experience of the war, and chapter eight with the post-war period. In chapter nine I look at perception of boundaries and notions of 'us' and 'them' among Salonikan Jews. In the conclusions, I examine the changes of post-war Jewish memorial practices in the context of the changing 'memory-scape' of the city of Thessaloniki.
Some aspects of the multilingualism of Estonian Jews
Author(s): Verschik, Anna
Date: 1999
Topics: Language, Yiddish, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: The topic of the present article is the socio-cultural history of Estonian Jews as well as main patterns of their linguistic behavior. This atypical Jewish community definitely deserves more scholarly attention than it has received. It is important to stress that not all Jews living in Estonia today are considered to be Estonian Jews. Only those who were born and/or whose socialization took place in independent Estonia (1918-1940) and their descendants are included in this group. Those who migrated to Estonia after 1940 belong socio-culturally and linguistically to a different community (Russian language and cultural orientation). Estonian Jews are multilingual as a rule (Estonian, Yiddish, Russian, German); however, reasons for their multilingualism differ from those of a traditional Jewish community. In our case these reasons include: small size of the minority, high rate of urbanization, lack of strict orthodoxy, acculturation and modernization. Yiddish dialect spoken in Estonia, or Estonian Yiddish, is highly valued by its speakers. The status of Yiddish among other co-territorial languages is discussed in this paper. Linguistic behavior is based largely on a high degree of linguistic awareness (speakers enjoy their multilingualism). However, the number of Yiddish speakers is constantly decreasing due to certain historical events (Soviet and Nazi occupation of Estonia, abolition of cultural autonomy, Soviet ethnic policy, etc). The possibilities of future developments -a shift to other languages, the emergence of a Yiddish-Estonian-Russian mixed variety, a new multilingualism of Yiddish-speaking immigrants -should all be taken into consideration.
Demographic characteristics and primary health care utilization patterns of strictly orthodox Jewish and non-Jewish patients
Author(s): Purdy, Sarah; Jones, Kevin P.; Sherratt, Margaret; Fallon, Paul V.
Date: 1999
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Health, Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Background. The importance of providing health care services that are acceptable to different cultural groups is widely acknowledged. Strictly orthodox Jewish communities have particular health care needs that reflect their religious teaching and beliefs.

Objective. To describe the demographic characteristics and health care usage patterns of the strictly orthodox Jewish population of Gateshead.

Methods. Registration and claims data were used in combination with encounter data from computerized and manual practice records. Jewish patients were identified and comparisons made between Jewish and non-Jewish populations registered at the same practices.

Results. The orthodox Jewish population was predominantly young (69% aged under 20). The birth rate in orthodox Jewish women aged 20–44 was much higher (294 per 1000) than non-Jewish women. Rates of uptake of cervical screening and childhood immunizations were significantly lower in the orthodox Jewish population. Uptake of breast screening and attendance at diabetic clinics did not differ significantly. The average number of consultations and home visits per annum was higher in Jewish than in non-Jewish patients.

Conclusions. The demographic and health care utilization patterns of orthodox Jewish and non-Jewish patients in Gateshead are different. There are implications for the provision of primary care services, particularly with regard to preventative health care.
Jews and other uncertainties: race, faith and English law
Author(s): Cooper, Davina; Herman, Didi
Date: 1999
Topics: Law, Race, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: This paper is intended to contribute to an understanding of how Jews and Judaism have been constructed in English case law. Using an analysis of law as ‘racialised’, the paper observes not just ‘the Jews’ of English law, but also the complex production of ‘Englishness’ (and English law) itself: The specific focus of the paper is upon the law of trusts; in particular, legal judgments adjudicating testamentary dispositions where the Jewish settlor has insisted upon progeny ‘marrying in’ in order to inherit. Jewishness is constructed as both ‘faith’ and ‘race’, and the paper considers these categories and their interaction. While the judges tend to find the wills in question uncertain, it is argued that it is in fact ‘Jews’ and ‘Judaism’ with which the courts are unable to come to terms.
We never changed our language: attitudes to Yiddish acquisition among Hasidic educators in Britain
Author(s): Glinert, Lewis H.
Date: 1999
Topics: Hassidim, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Jewish Schools, Jewish Teachers, Yiddish, Main Topic: Education
Perceptions of English learning in a Hasidic Jewish sect
Author(s): Abraham, Joan E.
Date: 1999
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Hassidim, Yiddish, Language, Jewish Schools, Interviews, Main Topic: Education
Jews in Germany after 1945: Citizens or "Fellow" Citizens
Editor(s): Romberg, Otto R.; Urban-Fahr, Susanne
Date: 1999
Topics: Post-1989, Post-War Reconstruction, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, German-Jewish Relations, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Editorial:

The articles published here first appeared in 1998 and 1999 in "TRIBÜNE: Zeitschrift zum Verständnis des Judentums", a German-language quarterly journal dedicated to fostering an understanding of Judaism, on the occasion of the 60th year anniversary of Reich Pogrom Night on Nov. 9, 1938. About 500,000 Jews lived in Germany at the onset of Nazi terror. Only 12,000 remained after the liberation of the concentration camps in May 1945.

Survey responses have always estimated the number of Jews living in the Federal Republic of Germany as much too high. While the number of Jews living in Germany remained constant at 30,000 for decades, the respondents of surveys constantly placed this number at between 100,000 and 1,000,000. German Unification itself did little to change the number of Jews in Germany, as there were only about 350 members of the small Jewish communities in the former East Germany. It was first the commencement of Jewish immigration from the former Soviet Union beginning in 1990 that served to revive and transform the Jewish community in Germany with its disproportionately top-heavy demographic scale. Almost 100,000 Jews live in Germany today.

For a long time, Jews living in Germany refused to define themselves as 'German Jews,' and insisted instead on their proverbial 'sitting upon packed luggage.' A growing trust in German democracy, connections to the cities in which they live, and the example set by Ignatz Bubis, the late and former president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, who declared himself a 'German citizen of Jewish belief,' lead many to accept Germany as their new home. Unfortunately, ongoing anti-Semitic agitation, as well as the ill-considered and fundamentally exclusionary description of Jews as 'Jewish fellow citizens,' does shake the Jewish community in its new-found trust. This is why, in one of his last interviews with TRIBÜNE, Bubis responded to the condition of acceptance and discrimination with the words, 'Minor disturbances are to be overcome.'
Jewish life in Germany and abroad is accompanied by right-wing extremism and anti-Semitic troublemaking especially on Jewish days of commemoration. Although German society and politics is going to great lengths in coming to terms with the Nazi past, Jewish history, the many-faceted cultural and social developments of Jewish communities in post-war Germany, and even the present situation for Jews living in Germany, remains a book of seven seals. Nevertheless, Jewish life in 'the former land of the perpetrators' is an intimate part of the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, founded more than 50 years ago.

That the judgment of Germany has undergone transformation in spite its Nazi past and the persistence of right-wing extremism in every-day life is the result of the honest efforts of German institutions and the general public in responsibly and thoroughly coming to terms with this past. As Paul Spiegel, the new president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, emphasized in an interview with TRIBÜNE, the most obvious sign of Jewish trust in the Germany is the increasing number of Jews living here, which will soon reach 120,000 with the influx of Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe. Even into the late 1970s, Jews living abroad, especially in Israel, could hardly muster understanding for those choosing to settle in Germany. The address of the former Israeli ambassador to Germany, Avi Primor, at the presentation of the German edition of the present book in November 1999, was an indication of Germany's gradually changing image even in Israel.

Contained in this anthology are poignant essays and articles from renowned authors which characterize Jewish life in Germany after the Holocaust as an aspect of democratic society. At the center of this book are the Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, their wounds and identity problems, as well as yesterday's and today's anti-Semitism. Jewish youth, religion, social work and Eastern European immigrants are also central themes. Finally, a number of exemplary Jewish communities in eastern and western Germany are portrayed.

Our aim is to help non-Jews, not only in Germany, but all around the world, understand the sensitivities and hopes of Jews in Germany at the dawn of the 21st century, more than a half a century after the Holocaust.

We extend our thanks the Public Relations Office of the Federal Republic of Germany (Berlin), as well as the ZEIT-Foundation Ebelin and Gerd Bucerius (Hamburg), DaimlerChrysler (Stuttgart) and especially Volkswagen (Wolfsburg), whose generous support made this English translation possible.

Contents
10 Chancellor Gerhard Schröder Words of Greeting
13 Otto R. Romberg/Susanne Urban-Fahr Editorial
15 Avi Primor Preface

I New Beginning After the Shoah
20 Ignatz Bubis He Who Bilds a Home, Intends to Stay
30 Paul Spiegel Soon 120,000 Jews in Germany
34 Gerhard Schröder Fifty Years Central Council
38 Hanno Loewy Unanswered Questions
48 Michael Brenner Epilogue or Preface?
57 Robert Guttmann Without Beginning, Without End

II Past and Present
66 Wolfgang Benz Reactions to the Holocaust
76 Kirsten Serup-Bilfeldt Why Little Ochs Had to Die
81 Heiner Lichtenstein Nazi Trials
89 Ulrich Renz The Right to Citizenship
93 Rainer Erb “Good” and “Bad” Jews
98 Henryk M. Broder The Ignominious Intellectual
102 Alphons Silbermann What Does “Auschwitz” Mean Today

III East and West
110 Andreas Nachama East and West
119 Hanna Struck Jews in Mecklenburg & Pornerania
129 Lothar Mertens Optimistic Expectations
135 Ursula Homann Jews in the State of Hesse
144 Roberto Fabian The Challenge of Inheritance
155 Ludger Heid Jewish Communities in the Ruhr
163 Herzs Krymalowski Developing Potential
171 Christophe Baginski Ignorance or Goodwill?

IV Religion and Social Life
176 Moritz Neumann Secular or Religious Community?
185 Benjamin Bloch Zedaka - Charity and Social Justice
195 Dalia Moneta Displaced People
207 Rachel Heuberger Jewish Youth in Germany
217 Willi Jasper/Bernhard Vogt Integration and Self-Assertion
228 Elena Solomonski Acceptance or Emancipation?

V Culture
240 Leibl Rosenberg Jewish Culture in Germany Today
257 Cilly Kugelmann Jewish Museums in Germany
255 Susanne Urban-Fahr Jewish Press - Jews in the Press
266 Anneliese Rabun Architectural Form and Expression
Juden in Deutschland nach 1945. Bürger oder "Mit" Bürger?
Translated Title: Jews in Germany after 1945: Citizens or "Fellow" Citizens
Editor(s): Romberg, Otto R.; Urban-Fahr, Susanne
Date: 1999
Topics: Post-1989, Post-War Reconstruction, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, German-Jewish Relations, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Editorial:

Die hier veröffentlichten Beiträge erschienen zuerst 1998 und 1999 in 'TRIBÜNE. Zeitschrift zum Verständnis des Judentums' anlässlich des 60. Jahrestages der Reichspogromnacht vom 9. November 1938. Zu Beginn des NS-Terrors hatte mehr als eine halbe Million Juden in Deutschland gelebt. Nach der Befreiung im Mai 1945 waren es noch etwa 12 000.

Die Zahl der in der Bundesrepublik lebenden Juden wurde in Umfragen stets viel zu hoch geschätzt. Statt der konstanten Zahl von 30 000 lagen die Angaben zumeist zwischen Hunderttausenden und Millionen. Auch die deutsche Einheit änderte nichts an der Zahl der Juden in Deutschland, denn in den wenigen jüdischen Gemeinden in der DDR hatte es nur knapp 350 Mitglieder gegeben. Erst die 1990 einsetzende Zuwanderung von Juden aus den Nachfolgestaaten der ehemaligen Sowjetunion belebte und veränderte die überalterte jüdische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland. Heute leben hier etwa 75 000 Juden.

Lange Zeit bezeichneten sich Juden, die in Deutschland lebten, nicht als 'deutsche Juden', sondern beharrten darauf, unverändert auf den berühmten 'gepackten Koffern' zu sitzen. Das gewachsene Vertrauen in die deutsche Demokratie, ihre Verbundenheit mit den Städten, in denen sie leben, sowie das beispielhafte Bekenntnis von Ignatz Bubis, er sei 'deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens', machten Deutschland für viele zu einer neuen Heimat. Nicht selten wird aber leider dieses neu gewachsene Gefühl durch antisemitische Hetze und die unüberlegte, grundsätzlich ausgrenzende Bezeichnung von Juden als 'jüdische Mitbürger' ins Wanken gebracht. Deshalb reagierte Bubis in einem seiner letzten Gespräche mit TRIBÜNE auf den Zustand zwischen Akzeptanz und Diskriminierung mit den Worten ?Erschütterungen sind zu überstehen.

Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland wird hierzulande und im Ausland, besser gesagt: weltweit vor allem zu Gedenktagen, nach rechtsradikalen Ausschreitungen oder antisemitischen Vorfällen registriert. Obwohl es vielfältige Bemühungen gibt, sich in Politik und Gesellschaft mit der NS-Vergangenheit auseinanderzusetzen, blieben und bleiben die jüdische Geschichte, die Entwicklung der Gemeinden sowie die facettenreiche kulturelle und vielschichtige soziale Situation der Nachkriegsjahre, aber auch der Gegenwart ein Buch mit sieben Siegeln. Die Situation der Juden im einstigen "Land der Täter" ist jedoch auch ein Stück Geschichte der vor 50 Jahren gegründeten Bundesrepublik.

Mit kompetenten Beiträgen namhafter Autorinnen und Autoren versuchen wir in diesem Sammelband, das jüdische Leben nach dem Holocaust aufzufächern, das mittlerweile Bestandteil der demokratischen Gesellschaft geworden ist. Es geht um jüdische Überlebende und ihren Wunden, von Identitätsproblemen und Antisemitismus, aber auch um die jüdische Jugend, um Religion und jüdisches soziales Engagement, um osteuropäische Einwanderer - und schließlich werden einige exemplarische Gemeinden in Ost- und Westdeutschland porträtiert.

Wir möchten Nichtjuden in Deutschland wie auch in anderen Ländern helfen, einen Blick auf jüdische Befindlichkeiten und die Hoffnungen der Juden in Deutschland 55 Jahre nach Ende des Holocaust an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert, zu werfen.

Inhalt:

9 Vorwort
11 Editorial
I Neuanfang nach der Schoah
14 Ignatz Bubis, Erschütterungen sind zu überstehen
25 Hanno Loewy, Jüdische Existez in Deutschland
35 Michael Brenner, Epilog oder Neuanfang
45 Robert Guttmann, Ohne Anfang und ohne Ende

II Vergangenheit und Gegenwart
54 Wolfgang Benz, Reaktionen auf den Holocaust
64 Kirsten Serup-Bilfeldt, Warum der kleine Ochs sterben musste
69 Heiner Lichtenstei,n NS-Prozesse
77 Ulrich Renz, Das Recht auf den Pass
81 Rainer Erb, Klischees über >>gute<< und >>böse<< Juden
86 Henryk M. Broder, Der Vordenker als Wegdenker
90 Alphons Silbermann, Was bedeutet >>Auschwitz<< heute?

III Ost und West
98 Andreas Nachama, Ost und West
108 Hanna Struck, Juden in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
118 Lothar Mertens, Optimistische Erwartungen
124 Ursula Homann, Juden in Hessen
134 Roberto Fabian Ein Erbe als Herausforderung
146 Ludger Heid Jüdische Gemeinden im Ruhrgebiet
154 Herzs Krymalowski Perspektiven entwickeln
162 Christophe Baginski Ignoranz oder Wohlwollen?

IV Religion und Soziales
166 Moritz Neumann Gemeinschaft oder Gemeinde?
176 Benjamin Bloch Zedaka - die Gerechtigkeit
186 Dalia Moneta Displaced People
199 Rachel Heuberger Jüdische Jugend in Deutschland
209 Willi Jasper/Bernhard Vogt Integration und Selbstbehauptung
221 Elena Solomonski Akzeptanz oder Emanzipation?

V Kultur
234 Leibl Rosenberg Jüdische Kultur in Deutschland heute
244 Cilly Kugelmann Jüdische Museen in Deutschland
251 Susanne Urban-Fahr Jüdische Presse - Juden in der Presse
263 Joseph Deih Jüdische Studien in Deutschland
279 Anneliese Rabun Gestaltung und Ausdruck
Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland - Siebzehn Gespräche
Translated Title: Jewish Life in Germany: seventeen talks
Editor(s): Wiltmann, Ingrid
Date: 1999
Topics: Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches steht das Engagement für die jüdische Gemeinschaft im politischen, institutionellen und ideellen Bereich zum Zeitpunkt des fünfzigjährigen Bestehens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Juden und Muslime in Deutschland: Minderheitendialog als Zukunftsaufgabe
Translated Title: Jews and Muslims in Germany: minority dialogue as a future task
Editor(s): Hafez, Kai; Steinbach, Udo
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish - Muslim Relations, Interfaith Dialogue, Main Topic: Other
The Jewish Journal of Sociology Volume 41 Number 1-2
Date: 1999
Abstract: Ethnic Inequality in University Education in Israel
Y. SHAVIT, Y. COHEN, H. STIER and S. BOLOTIN
lnter-generational Relations Among Upper Middle-Class Families in
Israel
DAPHNA BIRENBAUM-CARMELI
The Motivations and Assimilation of British Women Who Migrated to
Israel, 1965-1975
SHARON ANN MUSHER
The Names Which 'Modern-Day Zionist Idealists' Give to tbeir
Children
LISA R. KAUL-SEIDMAN
The Rise of the Jewish Englishmen
HAROLD POLLINS
Criminal justice in Israel
ISRAEL FINESTEIN
PERCY SAUL COHEN, 1928-1999
Book Reviews
Chronicle
Jews in the Russian Federation: a decade of Demographic Decline
Author(s): Tolts, Mark
Date: 1999
Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Presença e Memória: Comunidade Israelita em Portugal
Author(s): Mucznik, Esther
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Community, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Judaísmo no Feminino: Tradição Popular e Ortodoxia em Belmonte
Translated Title: Judaism in the Feminine: Popular Tradition and Orthodoxy in Belmonte
Author(s): Garcia, Maria Antonieta
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Women, Folklore, Orthodox Judaism, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Music and the Re/Construction of 20th Century Iberian Crypto-Jewish Identity
Author(s): Cohen, Judith R.
Editor(s): Borrás, Judit Targarona; Sáenz-Badillos, Angel
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Music, Anusim / Crypto-Jews / Marranos, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
‘Belmonte dos Meus Amores’: Ethnomusicological Fieldwork in Iberian Crypto-Jewish Regions
Author(s): Cohen, Judith R.
Editor(s): Benaim, Annette
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Music, Anusim / Crypto-Jews / Marranos, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Ein neues Judentum in Deutschland? Fremd- und Eigenbilder der russisch-jüdischen Einwanderer
Translated Title: A new Judaism in Germany? External and internal images of Russian-Jewish immigrants
Author(s): Jasper, Willi; Vogt, Bernhard; Schoeps, Julius H.
Date: 1999
Topics: Immigration, Surveys, Russian Emigration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Main Topic: Demography and Migration
Abstract: Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert die soziale, religiöse und kulturelle Integrationsproblematik der russisch-jüdischen Einwanderer aus der Wahrnehmungsebene von Eigen- und Fremdbildern der Betroffenen. 57 Prozent der Befragten glauben, dass ihre Hauptprobleme noch nicht bewältigt sind - 23 Prozent haben bereits resigniert und erachten ihre Schwierigkeiten in Deutschland als "unüberwindlich".
Keeping Kosher: Eating and Social Identity among the Jews of Denmark
Author(s): Buckser, Andrew
Date: 1999
Topics: Food, Anthropology, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Anthropologists have frequently noted the importance of foodways in demarcating ethnic and other group identities. The destabilization of such identities in late modernity implies deep changes in the meaning of ethnic cuisines. This essay explores the impact of such changes on the meaning of kosher practice among Jews in Copenhagen. A close engagement with Danish culture has made Jewishness increasingly difficult to define since the Second World War; Jewish ethnicity has become a contingent aspect of self-identity rather than a feature of a cohesive social group. Dietary practice provides a common symbolic system through which the increasingly heterogeneous notions of Jewish identity in Denmark can be expressed and interrelated.
Discontinuity, Tradition, and Innovation: Anthropological Reflections on Jewish Identity in Contemporary Hungary
Author(s): Mars, Leonard
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Identity, National Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Since the end of Communist rule Hungary has been re-examining its own national identity and so too have its Jewish citizens. The renegotiation and reconstruction of Jewish identity is characterized by the ability of individuals and groups to choose from a variety of identities. Choices, pace Giddens, are not made by some decontextualized individual in a quest for self-identity but rather in the context of social networks and resources. The choices are taken within a framework embracing the state, a mode of production and within the Jewish group which latter is not homogeneous. The author shows how internal and external links are mobilized and how cultural brokers act as agents in the development of new forms of Jewish identity.
The Third Pillar? Toward a European Jewish Identity
Author(s): Pinto, Diana
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Revival, Jewish Future, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: [Abstract from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41287484?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]

Can Jews in Europe today come together to constitute a significant third pole of world Jewry alongside Israel and America? Can a new European Jewish identity emerge, one which would be enriching and useful to Jews and non-Jews in Europe and around the world? The author's response is yes, qualified by the proviso that identities take shape only if there are people who incarnate them, in this case Jews who feel equally at home in their Jewish and European roots. She feels that only now in the context of a democratic (or aspiring democratic) and reunited pan-European continent do the premises for such a new Jewish identity exist. Two political and cultural transformations made this possible: the transcendence of the ideological divisions based on Communism and the slow coming to terms with the Holocaust on the part of Europe s different countries. The road pointing to such a future European Jewish identity, however, is still fraught with controversy.
The Jews: A Diaspora Within A Diaspora
Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi
Editor(s): King, Charles
Date: 1999
Topics: Diaspora, Politics, Main Topic: Other
Евреи Москвы в 90-е годы XX-го века: действительно ли происходит религиозный ренессанс?
Translated Title: The Jews of Moscow in the 1990s: Is the Religious Renaissance Really Taking Place?
Author(s): Козлов, Семен Яковлевич
Date: 1999
Topics: Jewish Revival, Religious Observance and Practice, Outreach, Main Topic: Identity and Community
A Jewish Philosophy for the JCC Movement - An Invitation to a Discussion on Jewish Peoplehood, Pluralism, Living, and Learning
Author(s): , Steven M. Cohen; Barry Chazan
Date: 1999
Abstract:

Should the Jewish Community Centers in North America adopt an explicit "Jewish philosophy?" To what extent are elements of a JCC Jewish philosophy already in place? What would be its implications? What would it look like? This document aims to encourage JCC leaders to intensify their discussions of these and related questions. This paper calls for a concerted discussion of ICC philosophy by the most senior volunteer and professional JCC leaders.
Arthur Ruppin Revisited: The Jews of Today, 1904-1994
Author(s): , Sergio DellaPergola
Date: 1999
Abstract: The main purpose of this chapter is to provide some historical-sociological perspective to the discussion of Jewish identity. Some of the major structural characteristics of world Jewry will be examined at a distance of ninety years. We draw some comparisons about the sociodemographic profile of world Jewry at the beginning an the close of the 20th century.