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Antisemitismus, Antizionismus und Ausnahmen: positive Bezüge auf Israel und Zionismus von rechts in historischer Perspektive
Translated Title: Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism and Exceptions: Positive References to Israel and Zionism from the Right in Historical Perspective
Author(s): Schreiter, Nikolai
Date: 2022
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Far right, Anti-Zionism, Philosemitism, Zionism
Abstract: This article analyzes the turn towards Israel in parts of the German and Austrian extreme right since 2010 in a historical perspective. Both political parties in the focus of the analysis, AfD and FPÖ, and the extreme right in general have a history of antisemitism, antizionism and hostility towards Israel and Zionism. After establishing antizionism as an inherent part of antisemitism almost from its outset, several exceptions from this rule are analyzed with respect to the relationship of the two. All of the introduced positive references towards Zionism and Israel from an antisemitic background will turn out to be based on antisemitic images of Jews, Zionism and the State of Israel. They fulfill a certain end to antisemitism itself, its denial and its bearers, and thus serve the preservation of the ideology rather than, as has been suggested, marking an end to antisemitism or being solely strategically motivated.
Die globalistische Elite gegen das Volk. Antisemitismus und rechtspopulistisches Elitenbild
Translated Title: The Globalist Elite versus the People. Anti-Semitism and Right-Wing Populist Stereotype of the Elite
Author(s): Roepert, Leo
Date: 2022
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Far right, Politics, Populism
Abstract: In the social sciences, it is often argued that in right-wing populism anti-Semitism does not play an important role and that cultural racism has taken over its function. In contrast, this article aims to show that right-wing populism reproduces anti-Semitic patterns in a codified form. First, it will be shown that problematic definitions and explanatory approaches are widespread in social science discourse, which contribute to the fact that the anti-Semitic content of right-wing populism is barely perceived. Subsequently, by analyzing two case studies – an essay by AfD politician Alexander Gauland and a speech by Donald Trump – it is shown that right-wing populist discourses asserting a struggle between the people and the »globalist elite« reproduce anti-Semitic patterns even though »Jews« are not explicitly mentioned. Finally, it is argued that this phenomenon can be grasped with the concept of structural anti-Semitism. With this term, it can be made clear that right-wing populism indeed has an anti-Semitic potential and that the contents and functions of anti-Semitism and racism must be distinguished.
Der Mythos vom »Import«. Islamische Codes und europäische Ideologie im muslimischen Antisemitismus
Translated Title: The Myth of the »Import«. Islamic Codes and European Ideology in Muslim Anti-Semitism
Author(s): Henning, Philip
Date: 2022
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Christian, Antisemitism: Muslim, History, Islam, Immigration
Abstract: Today’s anti-Semitism in European societies is often said to have been imported on a large scale by Muslim immigrants. It needs to be revealed that this is a historically abbreviated representation useful for particular political purposes – especially from the right. The influence of medieval European-Christian anti-Judaism and modern anti-Semitism on the Muslim world has a centuries-old history and is usually disregarded in the debate. Nevertheless, there are clear anti-Jewish terms and conventions in Islamic tradition. However, some of these codes are not immediately recognizable as anti-Jewish to a European audience. They are still widely used in today’s politics and popular culture of Muslim societies both in the Middle East and the West. The article aims to provide orientation on the genesis and development of this cultural exchange of hate and refute one-sided accusations.
»Linker Antisemitismus« oder »Antisemitismus unter Linken«? Eine Analyse von Fallbeispielen aus Geschichte und Gegenwart
Translated Title: »Left-wing anti-Semitism« or »anti-Semitism among leftists«? An Analysis of Case Studies from the Past and Present
Author(s): Pfahl-Traughber, Armin
Date: 2022
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Left-Wing, Anti-Zionism, Boycott Divestment and Sanctions (BDS)
Abstract: Actually, there is no potential for anti-Semitism in leftist ideology, since ethnic or religious identity characteristics are not supposed to play a role there. Nevertheless, there were and are anti-Semitic attitudes among leftists. A look at the German left in the past and present makes this clear: As early as in Marxʼs writings, anti-Semitic stereotypes can be detected. The Communist Party in the Weimar Republic also instrumentalized such stereotypes. And in the Communist organizations in the Federal Republic of Germany, anti-Israel views often had an anti-Semitic background. This also applies to the autonomous movement or the left-wing terrorism of the 1970s to 1980s. Nowadays, such attitudes can be observed in protest movements critical of capitalism, but also among the supporters of the BDS boycott movement. However, it is necessary to differentiate: A one-sided hostility towards Israel can, but does not have to be an expression of an anti-Semitic position.
Konformismus statt Reflexion? Nicht-intendierte Effekte antisemitismuskritischer Bildung
Translated Title: Conformism instead of Reflection? Non-intended Effects of anti-Semitism-critical Education
Author(s): Schubert, Kai E.
Date: 2022
Topics: Antisemitism: Education against, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Schools: Non-Jewish, Teaching and Pedagogy
Abstract: Education is possibly the profession most frequently addressed with expectations of dealing with contemporary forms of antisemitism. However, the topic is not prominently discussed in the field of didactics and teachers report of feelings of overburdening, dealing especially with forms of antisemitism relating to the State of Israel and the Middle East Conflict. These forms are the most controversial variations of antisemitism and also the ones often not mentioned and also not interpreted and responded appropriately. The paper argues for a stronger awareness of non-intended effects of education on antisemitism. It shows their relevance focussing three exemplary contexts regarding spontaneous interventions to antisemitic statements as well as pedagogic concepts represented in published documents. Without a profound understanding of antisemitism as a complex phenomenon with specific patterns, awareness for possible non-intended effects can hardly be reached.
Judenfeindschaft und Gefühl: Emotionsreflexion als notwendige methodische Ergänzung antisemitismuskritischer Bildung
Translated Title: Feeling Jew-Hatred: Emotion Reflection as a Necessary Methodological Supplement to anti-Semitism-critical Education
Author(s): Meier, Moritz Y.
Date: 2022
Topics: Antisemitism: Education against, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Schools: Non-Jewish, Teaching and Pedagogy
Abstract: Antisemitism today is omnipresent, yet mostly misunderstood, underestimated and trivialized. In schools as well, antisemitic acts are becoming increasingly aggressive and expressible. To combat and prevent Jew-hatred has been the ongoing commitment of antisemitism-critical education. Nevertheless, a (critical) theory-driven insight into the functionality of antisemitism raises why the current educational practice that can be stated as merely imparting knowledge and facts is not sufficient but, urgently, must be supplemented by a self-related and emotion-reflective approach developed in this paper in order to be able to achieve more sustainable success on the educational level. The need to deeper reflect on emotions and the subconsciousness as major roots of antisemitism leads the author to the proposal of specific dialogical-introspective methods, which will be critically contextualized in the end.
Von der Wiederentdeckung zur Vermarktung? Überlegungen zum »jüdischen Erbe« am Beispiel von Toledo
Translated Title: From rediscovery to marketing? Reflections on "Jewish heritage" using the example of Toledo
Author(s): Menny, Anna
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Heritage, Tourism
Abstract: What happens if Jewish history is declared »Jewish heritage«? All over Europe remnants of historical Jewish sites are (described and) advertised as tourist attractions promising an authentic experience of the past. The Spanish town of Toledo with its historic synagogue buildings and its Sephardic Museum is but one example of this new trend. In Toledo, places, memory, and the marketing of Jewish history are strongly interconnected. This article reflects on the importance of geographic sites in turning heritage into something visible and »visitable«. Historical traces materialize memory, while at the same time the label »Jewish heritage« weaves them into major narratives and thereby increases their popularity.
The Home-Spun Memorial: Contemporary Commemorative Practices in the Netherlands
Author(s): van Pelt, Robert Jan
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Survivors
Abstract: In den letzten Jahren haben sich in den Niederlanden neue Praktiken des Holocaust-Gedenkens etabliert. Dies gilt sowohl für die analoge als auch für die digitale Welt. Ein frühes derartiges Projekt war etwa das digitale »Denkmal der jüdischen Gemeinden in den Niederlanden«. Dabei handelt es sich um eine umfang reiche Datenbank mit Informationen zu Namen, den letzten Wohnorten sowie Daten der Verhaftung und Deportation der niederländischen Holocaust-Opfer. Um den Verlust sichtbar zu machen, wird am 4. Mai, dem jährlichen Gedenktag für die Toten des Zweiten Weltkrieges, an Häusern und Wohnungen mit Plakaten an die einstigen jüdischen Bewohner erinnert. In einigen Häusern finden Veranstaltungen statt, so berichten etwa Überlebende über das jüdische Leben von vor, während und nach dem Holocaust. Dieses Projekt wird als Ausdruck einer sich wandelnden Erinnerungskultur untersucht.
Muranów als Ruine: Zeitschichten der Erinnerung im Nachkriegs-Warschau
Translated Title: Muranów as a ruin: Time layers of memory in postwar Warsaw
Author(s): Meng, Michael
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Memory, Jewish Neighbourhoods, Holocaust Memorials
Abstract: In 1945, Warsaw’s prewar Jewish district, Muranów, lay in ruins. Almost no physical sites of Warsaw’s once rich Jewish history remained standing after the Holocaust. How have the residents of Warsaw – mostly non-Jews – dealt with the memories of this obliterated and ruined space? This article discusses from 1945 to the present several important attempts among largely non-Jewish Poles to remember and reflect upon the history of Warsaw’s Jewish past in the district of Muranów. Even though the tendency has in general been to forget, efforts to remember the Nazi past have surfaced during the last decades. The essay therefore suggests that the postwar history of memory in Warsaw may be thought of not in linear terms but rather in terms of multiple layers of memories that interact in complex ways over time.
Europe’s Jewish Places
Author(s): Linhard, Tabea Alexa
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Heritage, Jewish Space, Memorial, Memory
Abstract: Dani Karavans Denkmal »Passagen«, das sich im spanischen Portbou befindet, ist der vielleicht bedeutendste jüdische Ort in Europa. Diese provokante Feststellung dient als Ausgangspunkt für die Beschäftigung mit der Frage, was einen Ort in Europa heutzutage zu einem jüdischen macht. An Hand einer Analyse des Gedenkortes in Portbou werden die Konzepte »jüdischer Ort«, »jüdischer Raum«, »jüdisches Erbe«, und das »virtuell« Jüdische untersucht. Orte und Identitäten ergeben sich aus den komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Individuen und Gemeinschaften; wobei beide einem zeitlichen Wandel unterliegen. In Anbetracht der jüngsten Angriffe auf jüdische Orte und jüdische Personen in Ländern wie Dänemark, Frankreich oder Belgien diskutiert der Artikel die Bedeutung von Europas jüdischen Orten.
Coming Out Jewish and Marrano No More
Author(s): Studemund-Halévy, Michael
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Other, Anusim / Crypto-Jews / Marranos, Jewish Revival, Outreach, Jewish Heritage, Conversion, Messianic Jews
Abstract: Seitdem messianische Juden in der portugiesischen Provinzstadt Bel-monte die Rückkehr zum Judentum propagieren und für den Tourismus vermark-ten, sind die »geheimen Riten« öffentlich, und das marranische Judentum mit seinen Riten und Traditionen zwischen Christus und Moses ist nicht mehr die wahre Religion.