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Compliant Policy and Multiple Meanings: Conflicting Holocaust Discourses in Estonia
Author(s): Stevick, E. Doyle
Editor(s): Gross, Zehavit; Stevick, E. Doyle
Date: 2015
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration
The politics of the Holocaust in Estonia: Historical memory and social divisions in Estonian education
Author(s): Stevick, E. Doyle
Editor(s): Stevick, Doyle; Levinson, Bradley A.
Date: 2007
Topics: Holocaust Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory
Education Policy as Normative Discourse and Negotiated Meanings: Engaging the Holocaust in Estonia
Author(s): Stevick, Doyle E.
Date: 2010
Topics: Diplomacy, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: This article uses a socio-cultural approach to analyze the formation and implementation of Estonia's Holocaust Day Policy, a day of both commemoration for victims of the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity, and education about the Holocaust. It investigates both the multi-level development of the policy in light of external pressure (from foreign advocates and transnational groups including NATO and the Council of Europe) and the ways in which policy as normative discourse was constructed and its meanings negotiated between international sources, the national government, and educators. It draws attention to the multifaceted nature of discourse in a post-authoritarian context where power disparities further complicate an already complex trans-national policy environment.
The Holocaust in the Contemporary Baltic States: International Relations, Politics, and Education
Author(s): Stevick, Doyle
Date: 2012
Topics: Holocaust, Holocaust Education, Communism, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Post-1989
Abstract: For a variety of historical and cultural reasons, many societies across Central and Eastern Europe have not embraced the history of the Holocaust as it is understood in Western Europe and the U.S. and Israel, nor have they incorporated it substantively in their education systems, textbooks, and curricula. This article reviews the shared historical experiences of the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania during the Second World War and the Soviet period and considers how those shaped contemporary perspectives and attitudes in the region. Using data from cross-cultural exchanges between Estonians and foreign advocates of Holocaust education, the article shows that distrust exists around evidence gathered or disseminated by the Soviets and about perceived inconsistencies in the pursuit of justice. It finally compares two approaches to foreign engagement in the Holocaust, one rooted in power that was counterproductive and one rooted in dialogue that seems more promising.