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Prevention of antisemitism in German sport organisations: learning from football?
Author(s): Haut, Jan; Müller, Lasse; Heim, Christopher; Hasselbeck, Ferdinand
Date: 2026
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Strategy and Policy, Discrimination, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Sport: Football, Sport: General and Non-Football
Abstract: A growing body of literature has highlighted antisemitism as a specific form of discrimination in football. A recent study from Germany revealed that many football players in Maccabi clubs have experienced antisemitic incidents, whereas such experiences were less frequent in other sports. The comparatively high incidence of antisemitism in football is mirrored by increasing efforts of German clubs and associations to address the issue. However, little is known about how other sports are responding to antisemitic discrimination. To fill this gap, this study investigates to what extent German sport associations (N = 105) are aware of antisemitism and have implemented measures to combat it. The methodological approach mirrors that of an earlier football-focused study, combining standardised analyses of associations’ websites with qualitative evaluations of mission statements and other documents. A comparison between football and other sports reveals both contrasts and similarities. Considering antisemitism as a historical phenomenon only, or unclear reporting mechanisms, appear as common problems. But while football organisations have developed several strategies and measures, many other sport organisations have not established specific approaches to address antisemitism. Accordingly, recommendations for different types of organisations can be derived.
‘We wear the title Yid with pride’: personal pronouns and established-outsiders relations in the framing of Tottenham Hotspur as a ‘Jewish club’
Author(s): Corrie-Lunn, Bonita; Whigham, Stuart
Date: 2026
Topics: Attitudes to Jews, Sport: Football, Main Topic: Other, Surveys
Abstract: This research demonstrates how Norbert Elias’s figurational sociological approach offers an alternative theoretical framework to examine the relationship between sport and religion. Specifically, by investigating the attitudes and opinions of football fans, this study explored the connection between Tottenham Hotspur Football Club and the Jewish faith. A total of 596 Tottenham Hotspur fans were recruited via social media to participate in an online survey, and additional in-depth, unstructured interviews with 10 participants provided qualitative data. Thematic analysis was conducted through an abductive application of figurational concepts such as ‘established-outsiders relations’ and the ‘personal pronoun’ model, and consequently generated three main themes: a) ‘pride and identity’; b) ‘sport as a religion’; and, c) ‘community’. Many fans expressed pride in the club’s association with the Jewish faith, while others argued that sport and religion are not interconnected. Fans acknowledged similarities between sport fandom and religion, such as the sense of community and belonging experienced among co-religionists or fellow football fans.