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Popular Awareness and Ill Intent or Passivity of those in Power: Memory of the Holocaust in Russia and Ukraine in the 21st Century
Author(s): Gogun, Alexander
Date: 2016
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust, Holocaust Education, Memory, Surveys
Abstract: Sociological surveys have shown that the majority of the population of Russia and Ukraine has a correct understanding of the nature of the Holocaust, or Shoah. However, a section of the population does not understand this crime against humanity; some believe that accounts of it are unjustifiably exaggerated. At the same time, knowledge of similar or comparable crimes – the Gulag, the Holodomor (or Great Famine) and the genocide of the Armenians – is lacking in the population as a whole. The inhabitants of these two countries are sometimes even less aware of these crimes than they are of the Shoah. Among Russians and Ukrainians awareness of the major European 20th-century crimes against humanity seems more considered, perhaps even more objective when compared to people in the West. Nevertheless, among the population of the former Soviet Union, there remains considerable scope for education in this field and there is a special need to improve living standards and the quality of life.
Construction of Identity in Romania in Relation to its Past: The Case of the Shoah in History Textbooks in Secondary Education
Author(s): Wieckowski, Maria-Philippa
Date: 2016
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Education, Schools: Seconday / High Schools, Schools: Non-Jewish
Abstract: Teaching about the Holocaust and the role of the Romanian state in these events
is still a recent happening in Romania: the process has followed a tortuous path,
between denial and distortion. In 2004 an official change to school syllabuses and
the publication of a report by the International Commission on the Holocaust in
Romania aimed to improve teaching about the Shoah in Romanian schools. This
article aims to determine to what extent the national identity of Romania is built
in relation to its past, especially to the Holocaust. The research focuses on four
Romanian history textbooks used in the tenth class (ages sixteen to seventeen at
secondary school). Our research analyses the discursive strategies used in history
textbooks published since 2004. It concentrates on the roles assigned to different
actors involved in these events. Who are the victims? Who are those responsible?
How are their actions depicted? Are they underplayed or exaggerated?
Holocaust Memorials in Central and Eastern Europe: Communist Legacies, Transnational Influences and National Developments
Author(s): Kucia, Marek
Date: 2016
Topics: Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Post-1989, Communism, Memorial
Abstract: The article analyses selected Holocaust memorials in several Central and East
European countries. Using the approaches of historical and visual sociology, it
identifies processes and agents that shaped the present-day memorials during
communism and after. These were: commemoration by Jews; memorialization,
marginalization, suppression and the obliteration of Jewish victimhood by the
communist authorities; making minor or substantial changes to the existing
monuments after communism and developing them; and creating new Holocaust
memorials both public and private, and by domestic and foreign agents. The article
concludes that the Holocaust memorials in the region are primarily a result of
legacies of communist times. They were also shaped by transnational influences.
By and large they are national developments.
From Absence to Loss: Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland
Author(s): Duch-Dyngosz, Marta
Date: 2016
Topics: Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory
Abstract: In this article I argue that remembrance of the Jews and the Holocaust in Poland was subject to a conspiracy of silence in the local space of former Jewish communities and villages for many decades after the war. I am interested in whether and under what social conditions commemorating local Jewish communities in present-day Poland leads to coming to terms with painful memories and, by contrast, when it results in distorting such memories. I refer to the findings of qualitative research of case studies conducted in three towns: Bobowa, Dąbrowa Tarnowska and Rymanów.