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Le judaisme français : la fin d'un modèle d'identité
Translated Title: French Jewry: The End of a Model of Jewish Identity
Author(s): Trigano, Shmuel
Date: 2007
Topics: Antisemitism, Citizenship, National Identity, Immigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: Un nouveau modèle d'identité juive est né en France, après la Shoa, qui se définissait dans une référence à la « communauté », c'est-à-dire à un destin collectif juif, à un « peuple juif », que la naissance de l'État d'Israël à la même époque a fini par incarner. Cette identité était inédite car la culture politique centraliste de la France n'avait jamais permis un tel développement. Elle ne reconnait comme citoyens que des individus anonymes. L'action conjuguée de l'unification de l'Europe (et donc l'affaiblissement des États-nations et des identités nationales), au moment même où une immigration massive d'origine arabo-musulmane s'est produite, a rendu impossible ce modèle d'identité. Il n'est plus porté par la société, qui le délégitime et s'est décomposé en lui-même. La crise antisémite des années 2000 n'est que la face émergée d'une crise profonde et radicale qui place le judaisme français au véritable carrefour de son destin. L'article analyse les différents scénarios possibles d'un futur problématique.
French Jewry: The End of a Model of Jewish Identity
Author(s): Trigano, Shmuel
Date: 2007
Topics: Antisemitism, Citizenship, National Identity, Immigration, Main Topic: Identity and Community
Abstract: After the Shoah, a new model of Jewish identity was born in France, one that defined itself in relation to the "community", in other words, a Jewish collective destiny, a "Jewish people" that the birth of the State of Israel at the same period came to embody. This was a new type of identity, because France's centralist political culture had never allowed such an identity to come about before. The French political culture only recognizes anonymous individuals as its citizens. The combined events of the unification of Europe (leading to the weakening of Nation-States and national identities) and the simultaneous massive Arab-Muslim immigration made this model of identity impossible. Society no longer supports it but rather delegitimizes it and dissolves it into itself. The antisemitic crisis of the 21st century is only the apparent side of a profound and radical crisis that is putting French Jewishness at a crucial crossroad of its destiny. The article analyzes various possible scenarios for a future posing of the terms of the problem.
Italian Jews and the Left
Author(s): Israel, Giorgio
Date: 2007
Topics: Antisemitism: Left-Wing, Anti-Zionism, Main Topic: Other
Abstract: Upon Emancipation, Italian Jewry experienced increasing assimilation. After the trauma of Fascism and the Shoah, Italian Jews tilted mainly to the Left in the postwar period. The Six Day War and Communist hostility to Israel, the Italian Left's support of "Zionism is Racism," pro-Palestinianism, a growth in antisemitism due to Islamic propaganda, all gradually led to the detachment of Italian Jewry from the Left, the emergence of a Center-Right internal governance and support for the five-year Berlusconi rule. No dramatic effects have occurred, however, and the concerns of Italian Jewry today focus rather on the international situation and problems in Europe as a whole.