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Recent Public Discourses on Anti-Jewish Violence in Moldovan History, 1991–2019
Author(s): Felcher, Anastasia
Date: 2020
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Antisemitism, Jewish Community, Memory, Memorial, Jewish Organisations
Abstract: Efforts to commemorate the victims of the 1903 Chişinǎu (Kishinev) pogrom and the Holocaust in Bessarabia and Transnistria have achieved varying degrees of success in the Republic of Moldova. Gaining public recognition for these experiences has proven a convoluted process. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the local Community has led an enduring memorialization campaign, which has steadily evolved with the shifting political climate. Though Community representatives have at times had a fraught relationship with Moldovan officials, they have continuously sought official acknowledgment of their efforts. This article analyzes how both the government and the Jewish Community have handled memory in public spaces and the local media of Chişinǎu.
Holocaust Intersections in 21st -Century Europe
Editor(s): Gordon, Robert S. C.; Perra, Emiliano
Date: 2016
Topics: Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Survivors, Jewish Culture, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Memorial
Holocaust Memorials in Central and Eastern Europe: Communist Legacies, Transnational Influences and National Developments
Author(s): Kucia, Marek
Date: 2016
Topics: Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Memorials, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Post-1989, Communism, Memorial
Abstract: The article analyses selected Holocaust memorials in several Central and East
European countries. Using the approaches of historical and visual sociology, it
identifies processes and agents that shaped the present-day memorials during
communism and after. These were: commemoration by Jews; memorialization,
marginalization, suppression and the obliteration of Jewish victimhood by the
communist authorities; making minor or substantial changes to the existing
monuments after communism and developing them; and creating new Holocaust
memorials both public and private, and by domestic and foreign agents. The article
concludes that the Holocaust memorials in the region are primarily a result of
legacies of communist times. They were also shaped by transnational influences.
By and large they are national developments.
Poland Confronts its Past
Author(s): Polonsky, Antony
Date: 2003
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust
Holocaust Sites in Ukraine: Pechora and the Politics of Memorialization
Author(s): Golbert, Rebecca L.
Date: 2004
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust, Holocaust Commemoration, Memory, Memorial, Ethnography, Oral History and Biography
Abstract: This study of the Pechora camp, in Transnistria, examines the contributions of contemporary testimonies to our understanding of the Holocaust experience and the ways survivors and witnesses perceive and recount that experience over time. In the case of Transnistria, the testimonies of living witnesses may at times provide the only significant historical and social record of the ghetto and camp experience. While existing scholarship on the Holocaust in Romania and Transnistria has emerged primarily out of the Romanian Jewish experience of the war, this article highlights the wartime experiences and postwar memories of Ukrainian Jewish survivors, whose perspectives on Transnistria have until recently been overlooked. The author also offers a distinctly ethnographic dimension to the study of the Holocaust by examining memory and identity processes and by revealing substantial fissures in the way the Holocaust is remembered and memorialized.
Lokale Geschichte sichtbar machen. Einblicke in ein Projekt zu Antisemitismus, Antiziganismus und Erinnerungskulturen in Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt
Date: 2009
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memorial, Memory, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Education
Abstract: Erinnerungen prägen die Wahrnehmung der Gegenwart, aktuelle Einstellungen und politische Ansichten. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich die Amadeu Antonio Stiftung im Zusammenhang mit Antisemitismus mit Erinnerungskulturen und will mit dem Projekt „Lokale Geschichte in Ost und West“ die Auseinandersetzung mit der lokalen Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus und der Shoah fördern und ein Bewusstsein für Erinnerungskulturen schaffen. In der Broschüre wird zunächst auf das Themenfeld „Erinnerungen“ eingegangen, um so das dem Projekt zugrunde liegende Konzept zu erläutern und auf Unterschiede in der Erinnerungskultur zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland hinzuweisen.

Anschließend werden Projekte aus Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt vorgestellt:

Roßlau – Magdeburg – Auschwitz – auf den Spuren von Unku
Werkstatt Gedenkkultur in Dessau-Roßlau
Topografie der Erinnerungen: Gedenken und Erinnern in Südniedersachsen
Erinnerungskultur in Salzgitter – Momentaufnahme eines Jugendprojektes
Stettin, Szczecin und der 'dritte Raum': Erinnerung im deutsch-polnisch-jüdischen Grenzland
Translated Title: Stettin, Szczecin and the 'third room': Memory in the German-Polish-Jewish borderland
Author(s): Waligórska, Magdalena
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Memory, Memorial, Cities and Suburbs, Holocaust Commemoration
Abstract: This article addresses the question of how contemporary commemoration projects spatialize the memory of Jewish and German presence in Stettin/Szczecin and map Jewishness in the urban space. Analyzing local memorial projects and autobiographical writings that address the Jewish past in Stettin/Szczecin, I investigate the particular conditions of urban nostalgia in the so-called “Regained Lands” where the Jewish legacy is inseparable from the German one and where the rediscovery of Jewish spaces thus entails a process of cultural translation and “overwriting” of contested spaces.
Europe’s Jewish Places
Author(s): Linhard, Tabea Alexa
Date: 2015
Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Heritage, Jewish Space, Memorial, Memory
Abstract: Dani Karavans Denkmal »Passagen«, das sich im spanischen Portbou befindet, ist der vielleicht bedeutendste jüdische Ort in Europa. Diese provokante Feststellung dient als Ausgangspunkt für die Beschäftigung mit der Frage, was einen Ort in Europa heutzutage zu einem jüdischen macht. An Hand einer Analyse des Gedenkortes in Portbou werden die Konzepte »jüdischer Ort«, »jüdischer Raum«, »jüdisches Erbe«, und das »virtuell« Jüdische untersucht. Orte und Identitäten ergeben sich aus den komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Individuen und Gemeinschaften; wobei beide einem zeitlichen Wandel unterliegen. In Anbetracht der jüngsten Angriffe auf jüdische Orte und jüdische Personen in Ländern wie Dänemark, Frankreich oder Belgien diskutiert der Artikel die Bedeutung von Europas jüdischen Orten.
Remembering Southern Germany’s Jewish past – initiatives and developments since the 1980’s
Author(s): Renghart, Martin
Date: 2017
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memorial, Jewish Museums, Holocaust Memorials
Abstract: The following article tries to give an overview of the memorial work and the preservation of Jewish heritage in Southern Germany, mainly in its rural regions, since the 1980s. Theere exist around 20 memorials in in the State of Baden-Württemberg and about the same number in Bavaria. Varying in size and ambition, many of them are housed in former synagogues or other buildings formerly in Jewish ownership. They are concentrated in the North of Bavaria, in the regions of Upper, Central and Lower Franconia and in
the North of Baden-Württemberg, where from the 17th century till the 1930s many Jewish communities existed. What were
the reasons for the sudden rise of interest in local Jewish history? What is on display? What were the main intentions of the initiators, and what have they achieved? What form of resistance, conflicts and criticisms occurred?
Memorial Spaces and Jewish Identities in Post-Wall Berlin
Author(s): Remmler, Karen
Editor(s): Peck, Jeffrey
Date: 1997
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Memorials, Memory, Memorial, Post-1989
Holocaust remembrance in Ukraine: memorialization of the Jewish tragedy at Babi Yar
Author(s): Burakovskiy, Aleksandr
Date: 2011
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Memorials, Memory, Memorial, Nationalism
Abstract: At the core of the debate in Ukraine about Babi Yar lies the Holocaust. Between 1941 and 1943 1.5 million Jews perished in Ukraine, yet a full understanding of that tragedy has been suppressed consistently by ideologies and interpretations of history that minimize or ignore this tragedy. For Soviet ideologues, admitting to the existence of the Holocaust would have been against the tenet of a “Soviet people” and the aggressive strategy of eliminating national and religious identities. A similar logic of oneness is being applied now in the ideological formation of an independent Ukraine. However, rather than one Soviet people, now there is one Ukrainian people under which numerous historical tragedies are being subsumed, and the unique national tragedies of other peoples on the territory of Ukraine, such as the massive destruction of Jews, is again being suppressed. According to this political idea assiduously advocated most recently during the Yushchenko presidency, the twentieth century in Ukraine was a battle for liberation. Within this new, exclusive history, the Holocaust, again, has found no real place. The author reviews the complicated history regarding the memorialization of the Jewish tragedy in Babi Yar through three broad chronological periods: 1943–1960, 1961–1991, and 1992–2009.
The Remembered One: Memory Activism and the Construction of Edith Stein's Jewishness in Post-Communist Wrocław
Author(s): Holc, Janine P.
Date: 2011
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Memorial, Jewish - Christian Relations, Post-1989
Abstract: Activists throughout Poland have been grappling with the problems of representing Poland's Jewish community since the collapse of communism in 1989. These "memory activists" choose particular objects of memory and particular pathways of memorialization. This article focuses on the remembrance of Edith Stein in the city of Wrocław. It argues that the memory activist approach of "cultural reconciliation" is, in the case of Stein, problematic in that it relies on a misreading of Stein's Jewishness. The article makes a case for an alternative "borderland" approach that acknowledges the persistent role of violence in the construction of identitites and cultures.
Jewish Presence in Absence The Aftermath of the Holocaust in Poland, 1944–2010
Editor(s): Tych, Feliks; Adamczyk-Garbowska, Monika
Date: 2014
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Antisemitism, Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors, Holocaust Survivors: Children of, Holocaust Commemoration, Memory, Memorial, Post-War Reconstruction, Post-1989, Jewish Renewal, Post-War Jewish History
Abstract: This book discusses the Jewish world and Polish-Jewish relations in postwar Poland. The articles reflect the crucial stages of Jewish life in postwar Poland – losses, hopes, rebirth, rebuilding lives, and the situation of Jews in Poland today. This book provides a picture of current Polish historiography of the Holocaust, based on sources and studies rarely used before.
The House of Terror and the Holocaust Memorial Centre: Resentment and Melancholia in Post-89 Hungary
Author(s): Creet, Julia
Editor(s): Mithander, Conny; Sundholm, John; Adrian, Velicu
Date: 2013
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Memorials, Jewish Museums, Memory, Memorial, Communism, Post-1989
Abstract: The Terror Háza (House of Terror, 2002) and the Holocaust Dokumentacios Kozpont es emlekgyujtemeny (The Holocaust Documentation and Memorial Centre, 2004) opened in Budapest within two years of each other. Together, these two museums are illustrative of the phenomenology and competing affective narratives of Hungarian national memory post-89, and of post-communist countries more generally. While each museum purports to tell a specific history, both are manifestations of the political struggle over the national memory of the Second World War and its aftermath, a history that has been substantially rewritten since the end of Communism. The House of Terror enacts the ‘double occupation’ of Nazism and Communism and the Holocaust Memorial Centre archives and the deportation of the Hungarian Jews and Roma. Each museum aestheticises an affective phenomenology of historical victimisation, provoking ressentiment and melancholia respectively in visitors as a means of staging moral values and perpetuating contested memories.
Sites of Remembrance? Jewish Museums in Contemporary Germany
Author(s): Offe, Sabine
Date: 1997
Topics: Jewish Museums, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Memory, Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration
Jewish Space in Contemporary Poland
Editor(s): Lehrer, Erica; Meng, Michael
Date: 2015
Topics: Memory, Tourism, Memorial, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Commemoration, Restitution and Reparations, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: In a time of national introspection regarding the country’s involvement in the persecution of Jews, Poland has begun to reimagine spaces of and for Jewishness in the Polish landscape, not as a form of nostalgia but as a way to encourage the pluralization of contemporary society. The essays in this book explore issues of the restoration, restitution, memorializing, and tourism that have brought present inhabitants into contact with initiatives to revive Jewish sites. They reveal that an emergent Jewish presence in both urban and rural landscapes exists in conflict and collaboration with other remembered minorities, engaging in complex negotiations with local, regional, national, and international groups and interests. With its emphasis on spaces and built environments, this volume illuminates the role of the material world in the complex encounter with the Jewish past in contemporary Poland.

Contents:

Introduction / Erica Lehrer and Michael Meng
1. “Oświęcim”/ “Auschwitz”: Archeology of a Mnemonic Battleground / Geneviève Zubrzycki
2. Restitution of Communal Property and the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland / Stanislaw Tyszka
3. Muranów as a Ruin: Layered Memories in Postwar Warsaw / Michael Meng
4. Stettin, Szczecin, and the “Third Space.” Urban nostalgia in the German/Polish/Jewish borderlands / Magdalena Waligórska
5. Rediscovering the Jewish Past in the Polish Provinces: The Socio-Economics of Nostalgia / Monika Murzyn-Kupisz
6. Amnesia, Nostalgia, and Reconstruction: Shifting Modes of Memory in Poland’s Jewish Spaces / Slawomir Kapralski
7. Jewish Heritage, Pluralism, and Milieux de Memoire: the case of Krakow’s Kazimierz / Erica Lehrer
8. The Ethnic Cleansing of the German-Polish-Jewish ‘Lodzermensch’ / Winson Chu
9. Stony Survivors: Images of Jewish Space on the Polish Landscape / Robert L. Cohn
10. Reading the Palimpsest / Konstanty Gebert
11. A Jew, a Cemetery, and a Polish Village: A Tale of the Restoration of Memory
Jonathan Webber
12. The Museum of the History of Polish Jews: A Post-War, Post-Holocaust, Post-Communist Story / Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett
Epilogue: Jewish Spaces and their Future / Diana Pinto
La communauté juive face à la culture mémorielle en Allemagne
Translated Title: The Jewish Community and the Memorial Culture in Germany
Author(s): Bohnekamp, Dorothea
Date: 2014
Topics: Holocaust Memorials, Memorial, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Memory, German-Jewish Relations, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: Centrale au sein de la culturelle mémorielle allemande, la mémoire de la Shoah reste un impératif politique fort en République fédérale allemande, dont l’identité démocratique s’est construite en opposition absolue au nazisme. Après le déni des crimes nazis dans l’après-guerre, la réactivation du passé depuis les années 1970 participe d’une représentation politique du judaïsme considérée comme symbole de la culture républicaine du pays. Or, les nombreuses expressions de la culture mémorielle en Allemagne (musées, mémoriaux, etc.) ont souvent été sujet à polémique, dans la mesure où leur utilisation publique reflète aussi la difficulté à imprimer une logique collective à des souvenirs traumatiques irréductiblement individuels. Si les communautés judéo-allemandes renaissent depuis la Réunification, elles ne se sentent pas toujours pleinement représentées par la culture mémorielle officielle et restent réfractaires à toute instrumentalisation excessive de la mémoire.
Az élők háza: A közösségi emlékezet valós és virtuális terei a makói izraelita temetők példáján
Translated Title: Beth-chaim (The house of Life). Real and Virtual Places of Collective Memory in Jewish Cemeteries of Makó
Author(s): Glässer, Norbert
Date: 2011
Topics: Memorial, Pilgrimage, Tourism, Hassidim, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Virtual Community, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: We settle in an environment and regard it as ours by way of attributing meaning to its elements. At times, we attribute several different meanings to the same spaces. Present paper studies the representations of the community of Makó. A traditional community whose members were forced to emigrate and which has since then thoroughly changed is recorded, reformulated and preserved by selective means of globalised mass communication. The digital-visual representation – which in itself represents the thorough change of globalizing communication – used by a community emphasizing its traditionalism becomes a part of its answer to change, as a guarantee of immutability. Selecting and using new means and phenomena in maintaining tradition in a globalised context – with help of technology, mass communication and public transport – helps bridging and connecting disintegrated spaces. Photos sent attached to email circulars and preserved in a digital form strengthen the feeling of belonging to community, at the same time eliminating the distance in time and space between members of the community.
Pilgrimages in Jewish Folk Religion in Hungary - from the Chassidic Courts to the Virtual Communities
Author(s): Glässer, Norbert
Date: 2006
Topics: Hassidim, Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Pilgrimage, Memorial, Folklore, Tourism, Virtual Community, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: The Jewish pilgrimages in Hungary belong in the context of expansion of the 18th century Chassidic movement of the Ashkenazic Jews of Poland. The differing forms are connected to the charismatic figures of the communities, to the so-called righteous men. Pilgrims visited them at the time of individual crises or at major feasts. The news of their travels attracted thousands of pilgrims. This pilgrimage could be repeated for their funeral and on the anniversaries of their death. Places of pilgrimage with very large areas of attraction arose. Societies and Talmudic schools were often associated with these persons, which became the germs for the organisation of virtual communities forming again after the Holocaust. Today these graves are important mnemotechnical places for the Chassidic virtual communities, and the pilgrimages are mnemotechnical occasions and compensatory rites. They can provide new knowledge for history of mentality studies of the religious practice of rural Jewry, and for research on sacral communication, the organisation of virtual communities and on pilgrimages.
Az újratapasztalt óhaza – a makói zsidóság világtalálkozói
Translated Title: The Re-Experienced Old Country - World Gatherings of the Jews of Makó
Author(s): Glässer, Norbert; Tóth, Ábri Péter; Urbancsok, Zsolt
Editor(s): Glässer, Norbert; Zima, András
Date: 2014
Topics: Haredi / Strictly Orthodox Jews, Tourism, Memorial, Hassidim, Pilgrimage, Main Topic: Culture and Heritage
Abstract: A bennünket körülvevő világot azáltal lakjuk be, hogy jelentéssel töltjük
meg. Sokszor ugyanannak a térnek a legkülönbözőbb jelentései alakulnak ki.
A jelentéshez pedig használat társul, legyen szó az ünnepek rítusairól vagy a
mindennapok rutinjairól. A különböző csoportok különbözőképpen használhatják
ugyanazt a teret. A tér – puszta fizikai megjelenésén túl – a kogníció
szintjére is kivetül: tapasztaljuk, ábrázoljuk azt, s emlékezünk rá, elbeszéléseinkben
újraalkotjuk azt. Mindehhez keretet pedig az a csoport szolgáltat,
amelyhez tartozunk.
Hacar hakados Makave – a Makói Szent Udvar alatt a makói orthodox
főrabbi belzi chászid mintákat követő dédunokáját, Simon Lemberger rabbit
közösségi vallási tekintélyként elismerő elszármazott makói orthodox zsidók
értendők, akik többnyire a Szentföldön, részben pedig az USA-ban, Bécsben,
Londonban és Ausztráliában élnek.
A történeti Magyarország területéről különböző világvárosokban újraalakult
orthodox és chászid zsidó közösségek gyökeres változásokra adott válasza
az azoj ví in der alter chájm elve lett, amely szerint ugyanúgy kell tenni
mindent, mint a régi hazában. Ennek újratapasztalását 1994-től a makói világ
találkozók segítik.
A felújított orthodox zsinagóga a makóiság egyik fő jelképévé vált. Az egykori
Nagy és Kis zsidó utca a zarándoklatok során a felmenők elveszített
világát segít felidézni. A közösségi és genealógiai emlékezet szempontjából
hasonló jelentőségűek a közösség egykori temetői, amelyek a makói közösség
folytonosságát jelenítik meg az 1740 körüli püspöki telepítéstől a 20. század
közepéig. Vorhand Mózes rabbi emléke körül pedig egy új nemzedéki emlékezet
és „makóiság” új környezetbe illeszkedő önértelmezése alakul ki.