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Unacademic academics: Holocaust deniers and trivializers in post-Communist Romania
Author(s): Shafir, Michael
Date: 2014
Topics: Antisemitism, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Denial, Communism, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Memory, Trauma, Post-1989
Abstract: The Romanian Academy (and much of the country's historical establishment) is packed with Holocaust deniers and trivializers, many of whom indulge in Holocaust obfuscation against the background of the post-Communist “competitive martyrdom” between the victims of the Holocaust and the Gulag. Quite a few of these deniers and trivializers are also former secret police informers. On closer examination, however, it turns out that explaining the reluctance to face the country's “dark past” as being the independent variable resultant of the post “Romanianization” of the Communist Party and its Securitate is a partial explanation at best. A substantially more convincing one might be provided by scrutinizing the phenomenon as the product of post-mnemonic cultural traumas.
Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe
Author(s): Shafir, Michael
Date: 2002
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Denial, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust
Revisionism in Post-Communist Romanian Political Culture: Attempts to Rehabilitate the Perpetrators of the Holocaust
Author(s): Ioanid, Radu
Editor(s): Roth, John K.; Maxwell, Elizabeth; Levy, Margot; Whitworth, Wendy
Date: 2001
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Holocaust Denial, Post-1989
Disinformation and Antisemitism: Holocaust Denial in the Baltic States, 1945–1999
Author(s): Levin, Dov
Editor(s): Roth, John K.; Maxwell, Elizabeth; Levy, Margot; Whitworth, Wendy
Date: 2001
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Holocaust Denial
Abstract: Although this article presumes to focus on all three of the important phenomena expressed in its title, in the post-Holocaust reality they often commingle and cannot always be differentiated properly. In the main, this is said about the problem of distinguishing between general denial of the Holocaust and partial denial, which includes components of disinformation and distortion. All of them frequently interrelate with the new forms of antisemitism. Be this as it may, this article will attempt to present several facts that represent our knowledge of these phenomena in respect to the Holocaust in the three Baltic countries, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
Holocaust Remembrance Project: How European Countries Treat Their Wartime Past
Author(s): Echikson, William
Date: 2019
Topics: Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Holocaust Commemoration, Holocaust Denial, Holocaust Education, Memory, Nationalism, Restitution and Reparations, Antisemitism
Abstract: This first-ever report rating individual European Union countries on how they face up their Holocaust pasts was published on January 25, 2019 to coincide with UN Holocaust Remembrance Day. Researchers from Yale and Grinnell Colleges travelled throughout Europe to conduct the research. Representatives from the European Union of Progressive Judaism (EUPJ) have endorsed their work.


Key Findings:

●Many European Union governments are rehabilitating World War II collaborators and war criminals while minimising their own guilt in the attempted extermination of Jews.
●Revisionism is worst in new Central European members - Poland, Hungary, Croatia and Lithuania.
●But not all Central Europeans are moving in the wrong direction: two exemplary countries living up to their tragic histories are the Czech Republic and Romania. The Romanian model of appointing an independent commission to study the Holocaust should be duplicated.
●West European countries are not free from infection - Italy, in particular, needs to improve.
●In the west, Austria has made a remarkable turn-around while France stands out for its progress in accepting responsibility for the Vichy collaborationist government.
●Instead of protesting revisionist excesses, Israel supports many of the nationalist and revisionist governments.
Holocaust Memory and Holocaust Denial in Poland and Moldova: A Comparison
Author(s): Sineaeva-Pankowska, Natalia
Date: 2014
Topics: Law, European Union, Holocaust Denial, Holocaust Commemoration, Memory, Post-1989, Nationalism, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: After 1989, post-communist countries such as Poland and Moldova have been faced with the challenge of
reinventing their national identity and rewriting their master narratives, shifting from a communist one to an
ethnic-patriotic one. In this context, the fate of local Jews and the actions of Poles and Moldovans during the
Holocaust have repeatedly proven difficult or even impossible to incorporate into the new national narrative. As
a result, Holocaust denial in various forms initially gained ground in post-communist countries, since denying
the Holocaust, or blaming it on someone else, even on the Jews themselves, was the easiest way to strengthen
national identities. In later years, however, Polish and Moldovan paths towards re-definition of self have taken
different paths. At least in part, this can be explained as a product of Poland's incorporation in the European
unification project, while Moldova remains in limbo, both in terms of identity and politics – between the Soviet
Union and Europe, between the past and the future.
Antisemitism in Post-Soviet Territory: A Concise Overview (2009-2010)
Author(s): Likhachev, Vyacheslav
Date: 2010
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Antisemitism in Russia 2010: Final Report
Author(s): Charny, Semen
Date: 2011
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Contents:

General situation

Anti-Semitic crimes

Instigation of acts of harassment towards Jews

Formation of a negative stereotype of the Jewish people

Ascription of hostile actions and dangerous attitudes towards other nations and religious groups to Jews

Holocaust revisionism

Denial of the right to existence and self-defense of the Jewish state, justification of anti-Israeli and anti-Jewish terrorism

Use of human rights rhetoric to justify anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitic manifestations from representatives of the authorities

Reaction of the authorities to manifestations of anti-Semitism

Society against anti-Semitism

Law enforcement practice

Conclusion
Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities. Sources, Comparisons and Educational Challenges
Editor(s): Jikeli, Günther; Allouche-Benayoun, Joëlle
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Anti-Zionism, Antisemitism: Muslim, Holocaust Education, Holocaust Memorials, Holocaust Denial, Jewish - Muslim Relations, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial
Abstract: The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.
Проявления антисемитизма в России: итоги 2007 г.
Translated Title: Manifestations of anti-Semitism in Russia: 2007 results
Date: 2008
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Антисемитизм на постсоветском пространстве: краткий обзор (2009–2010)
Translated Title: Antisemitism in the Former Soviet Union: An Overview (2009-2010)
Author(s): Likhachev, Vyacheslav
Date: 2010
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Антисемитизм в россии в 2010 г.
Translated Title: Antisemitism in Russia 2010: Final Report
Author(s): Charny, Semen
Date: 2011
Topics: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Monitoring, Hate crime, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Содержание доклада

Общая ситуация

Преступления и правонарушения, совершаемые на почве негативного отношения к евреям

Побуждение, подстрекательство к враждебным действиям в отношении евреев

Формирование негативного этнического стереотипа еврейского народа

Приписывание евреям враждебных действий и опасных настроений по отношению к другим нациям, религиозным общностям

Ревизия значимости Холокоста

Отрицание права на существование и на самооборону Государства Израиль, оправдание антиизраильского и антиеврейского терроризма

Использование правозащитной риторики для оправдания антисемитизма

Проявления антисемитизма со стороны представителей власти

Реакция властей на проявления антисемитизма

Общественность против антисемитизма

Правоприменительная практика

Заключение
Combating Holocaust Denial Through Law in the United Kingdom
Author(s): JPR Law Panel
Date: 2000
Topics: Law, Holocaust Denial, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: This report explores the area of Holocaust denial in the United Kingdom. It finds that Holocaust denial has limited impact upon public attitudes in Britain. The report also mentions how the criminalization of Holocaust denial has been proposed because current legislation against hate speech has not had the effect of prohibiting the production and dissemination of denial material. In addition to looking at the United Kingdom, references are made to successful prosecutions of Holocaust denial in France and Germany but with the caveat that even in countries with such legislation, the total number of prosecutions is very small. The report concludes with unanimous view that the criminalization of Holocaust denial in the United Kingdom would be inadvisable and asserts that educating the public in the future will still be strong enough to outweigh ignorance and misinformation.