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Российские евреи в контексте русского мира: от религиозности к этничности и обратно?

Translated Title: Russian Jews in the context of the Russian world: from religiosity to ethnicity and back?

Author(s): Носенко-Штейн, Елена

Editor(s): Комарова, Г.А.

Date: 2018

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Diaspora, Religious Observance and Practice, Russian-Speaking Jews

The Jewish Autonomous Region in Siberia. Multicultural heritage and coexistence

Translated Title: Żydowski Obwód Autonomiczny na Syberii. Wielokulturowe dziedzictwo i współistnienie

Author(s): Vitale, Alessandro

Date: 2014

Topics: Main Topic: Other, Conflict, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Ethnicity, Post-1989

Abstract: Technically, Israel is not the only official Jewish homeland in the world. In the Far East of Russian Siberia there still exists the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) of Birobidzhan. Beginning in 1928 the Soviet Union set aside a territory larger than Belgium and Holland combined and considerably bigger than Israel, for Jewish settlement, located some five thousands miles east of Moscow along the Soviet-Chinese border, between the 48th and 49th parallels north latitude, where the climate and conditions are similar to Ontario and Michigan. Believing that Soviet Jewish people, like other national minorities, deserved a territorial homeland, the Soviet regime decided to settle a territorythat in 1934 would become the Jewish Autonomous Region. The idea was to create a new Zion–in a move to counterweight to Palestine – where a “proletarian Jewish culture” based on Yiddish language could be developed. In fact, the establishment of the JAR was the first instance of an officially acknowledged Jewish national territory since ancient times: the “First Israel”. But the history of the Region was tragic and the ex-periment failed. Nevertheless, Birobidzhan’s renewed existence of today and the revival of Jewish life in the post-Soviet JAR are not only a curious legacy of Soviet national policy, but after the break-up of the Soviet Union and the worldwide religious rebirth represent an interesting case-study in order to studysome challenging geographic pro-blems, and interethnic relations.

Ethnopolitics as Co-operation and Coexistence: The Case- Study of the Jewish Autonomous Region in Siberia

Author(s): Vitale, Alessandro

Date: 2015

Topics: Main Topic: Other, Conflict, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Ethnicity, Post-1989

Abstract: It would be a mistake to assume that ethnopolitics is only a matter of confrontation between different ethnic groups. On the contrary, there is a range of examples where it is pursued in a spirit of compromise and co-operation. One of them is the case of the Jewish Autonomous Region of Birobidzhan, in Post-Soviet Russia. Often ethnic groups realize that co-operation and cultural coexistence are more profitable than conflict. Beginning in 1928 the Soviet Union set aside a territory the size of Belgium for Jewish settlement, located some five thousands miles east of Moscow along the Soviet-Chinese border. Believing that Soviet Jewish people, like other national minorities, deserved a territorial homeland, the regime decided to settle an enclave that would become the Jewish Autonomous Region in 1934. In fact, the establishment of the JAR was the first instance of an officially acknowledged Jewish national territory since ancient times. But the history of the Region was tragic and the experiment failed dismally. Nevertheless, Birobidzhan’s renewed existence of today is not only a curious legacy of Soviet national policy, but after the break-up of the Soviet Union and the definite religious rebirth, represents an interesting case-study in respect to interethnic relations.

Still warm but getting colder: changing ethnic identity of post-Soviet Jewry

Author(s): Nosenko-Stein, Elena

Date: 2014

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Post-1989, Soviet Jewry, Assimilation, Interviews, Surveys

Abstract: For many centuries, ‘being a Jew’ was equivalent to ‘performing the ceremonial laws of Judaism’. Thus, ethnic and confessional principles coincided and reinforced the cultural identity of Jewry as an entity. Strong self-identification and in-group solidarity supported the high ‘ethnic temperature’ of this group. The processes of secularisation, which first took place in modern Europe and then spread to other regions, led, therefore, to the ‘cooling’ of the Jewish ethnic temperature. This process has its roots in different periods of Russian history and resulted in deep changes in Jewish identity.

Евреи Санкт-Петербурга: этническая са моидентификация и участие в общинной жизни

Translated Title: Jews of St. Petersburg: ethnic self-identification and participation in community life

Author(s): Шапиро, Валерий; Герасимова, Мария; Низовцева, Ирина; Сьянова, Наталья

Date: 2006

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Ethnicity

Еврейская молодежь в постсоветских странах: Институт востоковедения РАН

Translated Title: Post-Soviet Jewish Youth: Ethnic Identity, Community Life and Connections with Israel

Author(s): Ханин, ВладиМир (Зеэв); Писаревская, Дина; Эпштейн, Алек Д

Date: 2013

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Youth, Jewish Education

Abstract: Монография представляет собой попытку реконструировать модели этнического, национально-гражданского и религиозного самосознания постсоветской еврейской молодежи, с привлечением собранного авторами полевого материала. В работе рассматривается, в чем проявляется еврейская идентичность молодых людей. Внимание уделяется таким темам, как формирование этнической самоидентификации и религиозный опыт еврейской молодежи; стремление разнообразных еврейских организаций сконструировать новую еврейскую идентичность на постсоветском пространстве; стиль жизни и формы проведения досуга молодежи; система ценностей молодых людей еврейского происхождения, включая их отношение к Государству Израиль и память о Холокосте.

Впервые воедино собраны материалы восьми исследований, проведенных авторами в течение последних десяти лет, и большая часть полученных данных публикуется впервые. Это позволяет получить доступ к беспрецедентно большому массиву информации и проанализировать исследовательские вопросы более углубленно, чем это когда-либо делалось прежде.

Книга может представлять интерес для социологов, этнологов, антропологов, культурологов и специалистов по иудаике, а также для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся современными проблемами еврейства

Jewish identity construction in contemporary Poland: Influences and alternatives in ethnic renewal

Author(s): Rosenson, Claire Ann

Date: 1997

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Jewish Revival, Ethnicity

Abstract: In many parts of the world today, ethnic identity is not merely the product of socialization, but is the result of conscious choice on the part of the individual. Nowhere is this more evident than in the countries of the former East Bloc, where sweeping political changes have removed many barriers to the expression of ethnic sentiment. The present work represents an attempt to build a generalizable model of ethnic identity construction by identifying the major influences on group conceptions of ethnic identity and describing the process by which those conceptions change over time. The primary case study focuses on the construction of ethnic identity among Polish Jews born after World War II. Conclusions are based primarily on data collected in interviews with members of that community. Traditionally, theories of ethnicity have posited a unity of beliefs, values or behaviors within an ethnic group. In contrast to traditional theories, the model proposed here focuses on major areas of conflict within groups, positing that conflict over issues deemed relevant in some degree to all members of the group is the driving force behind ethnic change. In choosing to identify, members of ethnic groups are presented with a set of issues, which are both important and controversial for the group, on which they feel obligated to take a position. The set of controversial issues relevant to a given group at a given time, the model posits, is determined by three factors: differences between cohorts arising from their formative experiences; differences between subgroups arising from conflicts between communal institutions; and differences between subgroups arising from their varied responses to input from outside groups. Whereas works on ethnicity in the field of political science have tended to focus on nationalism, or the pursuit of statehood by ethnic groups, this model treats nationalism and organized political behavior in general as a potential outgrowth of ethnicity, but not as its necessary byproduct.

Aliens in an alien world: paradoxes of Jewish–Christian identity in contemporary Russia

Author(s): Nosenko-Stein, Elena

Date: 2010

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Christianity, Religious Belief, Religious Observance and Practice, Conversion, Ethnicity, Secularity

Abstract: For many centuries the attitude towards baptised Jews within Jewish society was extremely negative, as baptism was perceived as apostasy. This attitude persists to this day, even though many Jews have abandoned Judaism and a secular Jewish identity has emerged. After seven decades of Soviet rule, during which a new Soviet, wholly secular Jewish identity, was constructed, Jewish identity in the former Soviet Union (FSU) is based mainly on the ethnic principle. As a result of an almost total detachment from Judaism, some Soviet and former‐Soviet Jews have converted to Russian Orthodoxy. Moreover, we can see the formation of a paradoxical Russian Orthodox Jewish self‐identification in post‐Soviet Russia. This processes, its trends and peculiar features are poorly studied, a matter this paper intends to remedy.

Les juifs francais sont ils (devenus) des blancs comme les autres ?

Translated Title: Are the Jews of France (becoming) white like the others?

Author(s): Ghiles-Meilhac, Samuel

Editor(s): Tartakowsky, Ewa; Dimentstein, Marcelo

Date: 2017

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Pluralism, Diversity, Race, Ethnicity

L’accueil des « migrants juifs » en Allemagne Un exemple de politique publique de l’identité

Translated Title: Welcoming “Jewish Migrants” in Germany. A Case of Identity Policy

Author(s): Vapné, Lisa

Date: 2015

Topics: Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Russian-Speaking Jews, Immigration, Nationality, Citizenship, Ethnicity

Abstract: Cet article a pour objet de présenter la politique d’accueil spécifique menée en RFA, depuis 1991, à destination d’individus identifiés comme juifs par leurs papiers d’identité émis dans l’ex-Union soviétique. Initialement mise sur l’agenda au nom de l’accueil d’une population potentiellement victime de l’antisémitisme en Union soviétique, cette politique s’oriente par la suite vers l’objectif de reconstruire une vie juive en Allemagne grâce à cet afflux de migrants catégorisé en termes ethnoreligieux. Au cours des années 2000, alors même que l’Allemagne s’éloignait de la prédominance de l’ethnicité dans sa définition de la nation, nous expliquerons les modalités par lesquelles une telle politique a perduré notamment en interrogeant les catégorisations au sujet de l’accueil de ce groupe qui a fait l’objet de représentations positives retournées ensuite en formes de disqualification.

Yiddish, Kanak Sprak, Klezmer, and HipHop: Ethnolect, Minority Culture, Multiculturalism, and Stereotype in Germany

Author(s): Loentz, Elizabeth

Date: 2006

Topics: Main Topic: Culture and Heritage, Jewish Music, Klezmer, Antisemitism, Race, Ethnicity, National Identity, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations

Abstract: Minority and immigrant Germans' embrace of the derogatory term Kanake as a self-ascription and of the low-status ethnolect Kanak Sprak has been compared to US rappers' combative use of "niggah" and Black English. This essay, however, compares the revaluation of the term Kanake, a non-assimilatory Kanak identity, and the ethnolect Kanak Sprak to some early 20th century German Jews' revaluation and embrace of Eastern European Jewish culture and Yiddish. It demonstrates also how non-minority and non-Jewish Germans have used Yiddish and Kanak Sprak in literature, theater, film, and popular culture to re-inscribe ethnic difference, especially at times when minorities and Jews were becoming indistinguishable from non-minority Germans (emancipation edicts or nationality law reform). Because Kanak Sprak is inseparable from HipHop culture, the second half of the essay examines the many parallels between the importation and naturalization of German HipHop and German Klezmer. Both were imported from the United States in the early 1980s; and following the fall of the Berlin Wall and German re-unification, both have played a role in German Vergangenheitsbewältigung [mastering the past]. While HipHop and Klezmer have become the soundtrack of German anti-racism, anti-Nazism, and multiculturalism; some observers are critical of non-minority and non-Jewish Germans' appropriation or instrumentalization of ethnic music, and have cited instances of antisemitism and racism in German Klezmer and HipHop.

Being a Black Convert to Judaism in France

Author(s): Mokoko Gampiot, Aurélien

Editor(s): Marzouki, Nadia; Roy, Olivier

Date: 2013

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Conversion, Ethnicity, Race, Minorities

Abstract: Converting to Judaism is possible, but not easy. What might be perceived as being particularly uncommon is the experience of a Black person going through the process of conversion to Judaism in France. Yet Black converts to Judaism are becoming increasingly visible, even though they have not been integrated as such in the self-perception of the Jewish community of France, let alone in the wider French society. One organisation established within the Jewish community of France is currently playing an important part in bringing French Black Jews out of obscurity — the Fraternité Judéo-Noire (Black-Jewish Brotherhood, hereafter FJN). Joining forces to form an organisation seems to have been the best option for these proselytes, whose ethnic profile is not in keeping with the traditional mapping of the French Jewish community as made up of Ashkenazim and Sephardim. This chapter will focus on French Black Jewish identity as experienced and related by African, West Indian, American or biracial converts. What factors have driven them to embrace Judaism at a time when the French media exhibit a marked tendency to expose the Black French as the new anti-Semites?

Les Juifs africains et antillais en région parisienne

Translated Title: African and Antillais Jews in the Paris region

Author(s): Mokoko Gampiot, Aurélien

Editor(s): Kaouès, Fatiha; Vanel, Chrystal; Vilmain, Vincent; Fauches, Aurélien

Date: 2012

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Diaspora, Ethnicity, Race, Jewish Identity, Religion

Abstract: The contemporary evolution of Judaism is marked by a dynamic diaspora whose transnational nature may be perceived in the variety of origins of Jewish believers. The diversity of Jewish communities includes an African, Caribbean, and even African American component, whose actual or alleged Jewish identity has led scholars to investigate into the intersection of race and religion in contemporary Judaism. The present study aims to contribute in the observation of this phenomenon, by focusing on the intersection of religion and ethnicity within Black Judaism in particular black Jews in France? After four years among blacks Jews in Paris area. How does one live as a Black Jew? How do these believers define themselves as Jews and Blacks? How is the notion of Jewishness implemented among them? How do they express their relation to the global Jewish world, and to both their religious communities and the wider French society?

Reconstructing Jewish Identity in Croatia: Towards a Refined Symbolic Ethnicity

Author(s): Hofman, Nila Ginger

Date: 2001

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity

Abstract: This paper has two aims. To begin, it examines whether the symbolic ethnicitymodel is relevant to identity negotiationamong Croatian Jews. In symbolicethnicity, individuals are not so muchinterested in the maintenance of traditional lifestyles as they are with choosing how toexpress cultural identity. In the past,scholars have either employed the model todiscuss identity negotiation among ethnicsin the United States and other coresocieties, or they have dismissed it altogether. The second aim describes theexisting tension between the self-images of the Croatian Jews and those projected onthem by others. Both Croatian “cultural diversity campaigns” and international Jewish support organizations consider Jewish identity to have an essentiallyreligious core. Programs sponsored bythese constituencies have constructed pronounced cultural differences betweenCroatian Jews and non-Jewish Croatians

The Jewish community of Zagreb: Negotiating identity in the new Eastern Europe

Author(s): Hofman, Nila Ginger

Date: 2000

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Ethnography, Jewish Community

Abstract: My dissertation addresses the sociocultural processes which contribute to the construction of ethnocultural identity among Zagrebian Jews. I argue, contrary to the often essentialized perception of Jewish identity imposed by e.g. the Croatian government and Jewish international organizations, that Jewish identity in Zagreb is actively chosen in ways that are both idiosyncratic and contingent upon the surrounding sociocultural environment. At the heart of my argument is an appeal to the dynamic and contextual nature of identity negotiation, and the influence this has on the maintenance and survival of the Zagrebian Jewish community. In support of this, I have employed ethnographic methods to assess (i) the ways in which Jewish identity is negotiated by community members and (ii) the ways in which the meaning of Jewish community is sustained in Zagreb. With regards to (i), I conclude that Zagrebian Jews understand their identities in terms of symbolic ethnoreligiosity, i.e. in terms of feelings and nostalgic ideas about Jewish culture and tradition. With regards to (ii), I show that the history and development of Jewish identity in Zagreb can be traced through patterns of membership participation in various Jewish organizations prevalent in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These patterns reveal the predominantly secular nature of the Zagrebian Jewish community. In light of this, I argue that community for Zagrebian Jews is ultimately defined symbolically through various types of social interaction among members. It is for this reason that the recent attempts of both international Jewish organizations and the Croatian government to impose an essentialized image of Jewish identity on the community are at odds with, and ultimately destructive to, the secular and improvisatory self-images of the members themselves.

Caucasus Jews and their Neighbors: Social Network in a Multi-Ethnic Society

Author(s): Bram, Chen

Editor(s): Özgür, Ergün

Date: 2009

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Diaspora, Mountain Jews, Language, Networks, Jewish Identity, National Identity, Ethnicity, Ethnography, Jewish - Non - Jewish Relations, Jewish - Muslim Relations

Fistfights at the Moscow Choral Synagogue: Ethnicity and Ritual in Post-Soviet Russia

Author(s): Goluboff, Sascha L.

Date: 2001

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Synagogues, Jewish Communal Politics, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Ritual, Ethnicity

Abstract: In this article I investigate ritual life at the Moscow Choral Synagogue, the largest and longest running Orthodox synagogue in the Russian capital. Unlike many Eastern European synagogues, this synagogue is a thriving prayer community due to its unique congregation of Russian, Georgian, Bukharan, Mountain, and visiting Western Jews. I focus on a fistfight that took place between an Israeli and a Georgian Jew during prayer. I detail how Russian and Georgian Jews interpreted the incident to be a result of their different ethnicities, Russian and Georgian respectively. The fight elucidates how ritual in post-Soviet society provides the means for the production of ethnicity and Jewish identity. Arguing for localism within Judaism's transnational ideology, I suggest that Jewish identity, like ritual, is performative and contextual. I also show how the shifting power relations in post-Soviet society have reshaped ethnicity, making state-endorsed market reform a reference point of ethnic differentiation.

Black Judaism in France and the United States: An Example of the Intersection Between Religion and Race/Ethnicity

Author(s): Mokoko Gampiot, Aurélien

Date: 2017

Topics: Main Topic: Identity and Community, Jewish Identity, Jewish Community, Conversion, Ethnicity

Abstract: Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the action of Black Jewish organizations (the Fédération Internationale des Juifs noirs and Am-I-Farafina) in France has made visible the existence of a category of French Jews which had so far been little-known and hardly studied. They are native Jews or converts hailing from African countries, the West Indies, or the USA, and offer a wealth of new elements for observers and scholars of Jewish identity by introducing the question of interethnic relations in this frame. How do they perceive themselves as Black and Jewish, and what is their place in the Jewish community in France? The present study addresses these two questions over the past six years, focusing both on expressions of community membership and commitment, and on the religious and personal experiences of the Black Jews of France.

The Mountain Jews in Post-Soviet Caucasus: Reconstructing Ethnic Identification and Political Orientation

Author(s): Grebennikov, Marat

Date: 2015

Topics: Mountain Jews, Jewish Revival, Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Even though the ethnic factor played a significant role in Soviet and post-Soviet politics in the Caucasus and contributed to the rapid transformation of the ethnic organizations into political movements and parties, one ethnic group, the Mountain Jews, stands out as an exception. Unlike other ethnic groups, no community of Mountain Jews in the Caucasus has ever mobilized politically to get official acknowledgment on the basis of its ethic and religious identity. Why? The answer to this question lies in explanation of certain aspects of ethnic identification and political orientation of the Mountain Jews discussed in this paper. The paper concludes that the political culture and historical experience of Mountain Jews delegitimizes the very idea of ethnic mobilization in regional politics regardless of their official status within political regime. The Mountain Jews have never relinquished their national identity and ethno-cultural affiliation with their brethren beyond the Caucasian mountains. Nor have they ever abandoned the Jewish faith.

We Are Few: Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece

Author(s): Fromm, Annette B.

Date: 2007

Topics: Ethnography, Memory, Diaspora, Ethnicity, Folklore, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: The Jewish community of Ioannina, in Northwestern Greece, traces its roots to Byzantine times if not earlier. In the early 20th century, at least half of the community's population emigrated to settle in Athens, Israel, and the United States because of economic and religious reasons. The cataclysm of the Holocaust dramatically decimated the community. This steady outward movement created an abrupt rupture of their patterns of traditional culture.

We are Few brings this unique community to life in a series of ethnographic sketches of history and traditional culture in order to understand its intense allegiance to ethnic identity. Dr. Annette Fromm explores the decreasing inventory of cultural traditions from the patterns of daily life to the rituals and customs associated with life cycle events and holiday celebrations. Through the periodic return of individuals associated with the Jews of Ioannina, pilgrims, a new avenue of the expression of ethnic identity has been created. These visits reassure residents that the Jewish community of Ioannina still exists no matter how dispersed.

Jewish Citzenship in France: The Temptation of Being among One's Own

Author(s): Schnapper, Dominique; Bordes-Benayoun, Chantal; Raphaël, Freddy

Date: 2010

Topics: Antisemitism, Citizenship, National Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Other

Abstract: The Jews of France have been liberated for over two centuries; they have been considered free citizens and equal to their compatriots. What purpose, then, does it serve to study their citizenship today? Until World War II, French Jews called themselves "Israelites;" they were deeply patriotic and had found a place for themselves in France’s "community of citizens." However outbursts of anti-Semitism during that period reminded them that their new status prevented neither hate nor rejection; they had to persevere in the struggle for citizenship equity.

France has not been spared from recent movements demanding recognition of particular identities in the public space. Ethnicity in French political life has become increasingly obvious, in spite of the constant assertion of "republican values." Questions about immigration, nationality, and integration are constantly in the forefront of public life. Though, in France, the existence of ethnic and religious communities is not legally recognized, certain groups are designated as separate, often creating conflicts among them

Beyond Ethnicity. The Role of the Mixed-Origin Family for Jewish Identity: A Polish Case Study

Author(s): Wójcik, Adrian; Bilewicz, Michal

Editor(s): Wohl von Haselberg, Lea

Date: 2015

Topics: Intermarriage, Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Family, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Ethnic identity and ethnic relations among the Jews of the non‐European USSR

Author(s): Gitelman, Zvi

Date: 1991

Topics: Bukharian Jews, Mountain Jews, Ethnicity, Surveys, Aliyah, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: This study of ethnic identity and ethnic relations in the Caucasus and Central Asia uses a 1985 sample of Soviet Jews who immigrated to Israel. Georgian, ‘Bukharan’ (Central Asian) and Mountain Jews are more attached to religion and tradition than their Ashkenazi brethren. They do not use religion as a surrogate for ethnicity, and they have a strong sense of ethnic identification, including a highly specific self‐identity as Georgian, Bukharan or Mountain Jews, different from other Jews. Georgian Jews report less frequent encounters with anti‐Semitism than any other Jewish group, but all groups believe that ethnicity plays a major role in daily life, in encounters with officials, and in social relations. Ethnic stereotypes and ethnic distances are clearly revealed in tests among the respondents. Ethnicity emerges as an important factor in daily life and ethnic gaps appear quite wide. These conclusions are supported by recent events in the USSR.

The revival of Jewish ethnic consciousness - identity strategy in the new educational contexts / Joanna Cukras-Stelągowska.

Author(s): Cukras-Stelągowska, Joanna

Date: 2011

Topics: Jewish Schools, Jewish Identity, National Identity, Ethnicity, Citizenship, Main Topic: Education

Abstract: The article presents the results of biographical research, the subject of which are two
generations of Jewish young people (the so-called “found generation”, born 1972–1984, and
the first generation of graduates of the Jewish school of the R. Lauder Foundation, born 1988–
1992). It focuses on the methods of constructing the socio-cultural identity: components of the
modern Jewish identity, attitudes to being a Polish citizen, and criteria of Israeli nationality.
The article analyses also the role of a new identity-forming factor: the formal education in the
Lauder-Morash school in Warsaw: an institution which has an ethnic character and which
significantly facilitates acquiring Jewish cultural competences, but which, being multi-cultural
in practice, at the same time promotes and open and two-cultural identity.

Problèmes ethniques et communautés particularistes sous le 'socialisme réel'. Juifs, Allemands et Tsiganes en Hongrie depuis 1945

Translated Title: Ethnic problems and particularistic communities under 'real socialism'. Jews, Germans and Gypsies in Hungary since 1945

Author(s): Karady, Viktor

Editor(s): Reszler, André; Liebich , André

Date: 1993

Topics: Communism, Ethnicity, Post-1989, post-war Jewish history, Minorities, Comparisons with other communities, Main Topic: Antisemitism

Ethnicity cosmopolitanized? The new German Jewry

Author(s): Bodemann, Y. Michal

Editor(s): Ben-Rafael , Eliezer; Sternberg, Yitzhak

Date: 2001

Topics: Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

About the Jewish Renaissance in Post-1989 Hungary

Author(s): Vincze, Kata Zsófia

Editor(s): Vasvári, Louise Olga

Date: 2011

Topics: Jewish Revival, Jewish Renewal, Renewal and Renaissance, Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: In her article "About the Jewish Renaissance in Post-1989 Hungary" Kata Zsófia Vincze
presents perspectives in order to address the following questions: what are the reasons for braking
with the Jewish traditions and why did half a century later young Jews return to Hungary? What kind
of new conflicts generate this newly found ethnicity? Vincze suggests that the ethnic renaissance of
Hungarian Jewry produced the born again Jews (not only in religious terms), who no longer hide their
ethnic origin, but choose to emphasize them by selecting "typical" ethnic characteristics in which they
express their rediscovered ethnicity. Being openly Jewish many times means the building of new
communities, participation in identity building, learning about forgotten history, the relearning of
language, participation in online and offline political and cultural debates, and also engaging oneself
in specific conflicts between minorities and the majority, and or between the different cultures.

The ethnicity of Russian and Ukrainian Jews

Author(s): Chervyakov, Valeriy; Gitelman, Zvi; Shapiro, Vladimir

Date: 2001

Topics: Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Surveys, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Jewish Russians: Upheavals in a Moscow Synagogue

Author(s): Goluboff, Sascha L.

Date: 2002

Topics: Synagogues, Ethnography, Race, Racism, Ethnicity, Diversity, Pluralism, Conflict, Bukharian Jews, Mountain Jews, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: The prevalence of anti-Semitism in Russia is well known, but the issue of race within the Jewish community has rarely been discussed explicitly. Combining ethnography with archival research, Jewish Russians: Upheavals in a Moscow Synagogue documents the changing face of the historically dominant Russian Jewish community in the mid-1990s. Sascha Goluboff focuses on a Moscow synagogue, now comprising individuals from radically different cultures and backgrounds, as a nexus from which to explore issues of identity creation and negotiation. Following the rapid rise of this transnational congregation—headed by a Western rabbi and consisting of Jews from Georgia and the mountains of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, along with Bukharan Jews from Central Asia—she evaluates the process that created this diverse gathering and offers an intimate sense of individual interactions in the context of the synagogue's congregation.

Challenging earlier research claims that Russian and Jewish identities are mutually exclusive, Goluboff illustrates how post-Soviet Jews use Russian and Jewish ethnic labels and racial categories to describe themselves. Jews at the synagogue were constantly engaged in often contradictory but always culturally meaningful processes of identity formation. Ambivalent about emerging class distinctions, Georgian, Russian, Mountain, and Bukharan Jews evaluated one another based on each group's supposed success or failure in the new market economy. Goluboff argues that post-Soviet Jewry is based on perceived racial, class, and ethnic differences as they emerge within discourses of belonging to the Jewish people and the new Russian nation.

Judeo-Spanish and the Jewish Community of 21st Century Thessaloniki: Ethnic Language Shift in the Maintenance of Ethno Cultural Identity

Author(s): Christodouleas, Tina P.

Date: 2008

Topics: Ladino, Language, Sephardi Jews, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to delve further into the relationship between language and ethnic identity. Given human social behavior that seeks to establish boundaries between differing groups of people and the indisputable role of language as a boundary marker and signal of ethnic identity, what happens to ethnicity when the language once associated with it is no longer used? Do other markers of ethnicity, both linguistic and non linguistic, emerge to sustain ethnicity? This research employs the case of Judeo-Spanish, the longtime associated language of the Jews of Thessaloniki, Greece, to examine these principle research questions. Participants include members of the Jewish community and are divided into three generational groups in order to establish trends and transformations based on generation. In conjunction with the historical, social and political considerations that frame this community, participant questionnaire and interview responses form the database from which the analysis and interpretation derive. The findings concur with claims linking language to the ethnic identity of a group so that upon the shift of said language, a group's self-conceptualization is transformed as is the nature of the link between language and identity. This shift also appears to effectuate a reprioritization of ethnic markers that serve to sustain social boundaries between the groups.

‘Greece is my home, but…’: ethnic identity of Greek Jews in Thessaloniki

Author(s): Lewkowicz, Bea

Date: 1994

Topics: Sephardi Jews, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Place and ethnicity in two merchant diasporas: a comparison of Sindhis and Jews in Gibraltar

Author(s): Haller, Dieter

Date: 2003

Topics: Diaspora, Globalisation, Comparisons with other communities, Ethnicity, Ethnography, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: In this article I offer a comparative view on two merchant diasporas residing in the British crown colony of Gibraltar: the Sindhi Hindus and the Sephardic Jews. Diasporic groups have often been defined through their relationship to their homeland and/or place of residence. Based on fieldwork among these two groups I argue that their identifications, their culture and their social structure cannot be understood by focusing solely on local life and on the relationship to the homelands. A complete understanding must take account of a third spatial connection: the links between the individual communities that create a new and unique field of discourse, symbols and practice. This third connection is emblematic for the working of pre– and postmodern capitalist networks. The article examines this issue in relation to religion, education, politics and other arenas of life in Gibraltar and wider diasporas, drawing upon anthropological concepts of boundaries and borders, which are here conceived as ‘zones–in–between’. The research demonstrates how both local and global changes since 1945 have resulted in the contrasting paths taken by Sindhis and Jews in Gibraltar.

Keeping Kosher: Eating and Social Identity among the Jews of Denmark

Author(s): Buckser, Andrew

Date: 1999

Topics: Food, Anthropology, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Anthropologists have frequently noted the importance of foodways in demarcating ethnic and other group identities. The destabilization of such identities in late modernity implies deep changes in the meaning of ethnic cuisines. This essay explores the impact of such changes on the meaning of kosher practice among Jews in Copenhagen. A close engagement with Danish culture has made Jewishness increasingly difficult to define since the Second World War; Jewish ethnicity has become a contingent aspect of self-identity rather than a feature of a cohesive social group. Dietary practice provides a common symbolic system through which the increasingly heterogeneous notions of Jewish identity in Denmark can be expressed and interrelated.

Особенности этнического самосознания и "Образа Я" старшеклассников из русско-еврейских семей

Translated Title: The Ethnic Identity and Self-Concept of High School Students from Russian-Jewish Families

Author(s): Румянцева, Полина Витальевна

Date: 2002

Topics: Intermarriage, Youth, Secondary Schools, Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Extended abstract can be found via the link below

Развитие этнокультурной истории в полиэтническом государстве :На примере еврейской диаспоры Кыргызстана

Translated Title: Development of Ethnic and Cultural History in a Multiethnic State: the Example of the Jewish Diaspora in Kyrgyzstan

Author(s): Ярков, Александр Павлович

Date: 2002

Topics: Ethnicity, Multiculturalism, Main Topic: Other

Abstract: Extended abstract can be found via the link below

Формирование этнической самоидентификации у потомков русско-еврейских браков в современной России Научная библиотека диссертаций и авторефератов

Translated Title: Formation of Ethnic Identity among Descendants of Russian-Jewish Marriages in Contemporary Russia

Author(s): Штейн, Елена Эдуардовна

Date: 2005

Topics: Intermarriage, Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Extended abstract can be found via the link below

Ethnic Demography of Ukrainian Jews in the 1990s

Author(s): Kupovetsky, Mark

Date: 1996

Topics: Demography, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Demography and Migration

Ethnicity and the Jewish Vote: The French Case

Author(s): Schnapper, Dominique; Strudel, Sylvie

Editor(s): Wistrich, Robert

Date: 1995

Topics: Voting Patterns, Elections, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Other

Social consciousness and identity of Ukrainian jewry: The case of the Dnieper region

Author(s): Khanin, Vladimir Zeev

Date: 1998

Topics: Ethnicity, Jewish Identity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Thus, the ethnic-national identity of the Jewish population of Eastern Ukraine, including the Dnieper region, is an extremely complicated and dynamic phenomenon. It is the result of a set of internal factors (such as historical memory, cultural heritage, traditions in education and social activities) and external circumstances (pressure on the part of the non-Jewish population and their attitude towards Jews, models and degrees of integration into local society, mutual relations with Israel and other communities in Diaspora, as well as political and socioeconomic factors).
The national identity of East Ukrainian Jewry represents a dynamic mixture of people's reactions to the historically formed circumstances and to their own existence in a specific environment. External and internal circumstances strengthen, in various periods, the role of certain specific elements of Jewish self-identity and weaken the importance of others. At the same time, the conservation of the structure of Jewish self-identity under Ukrainian conditions in general is an evident factor testifying to the great adaptive potential ofthe Jewish people.

Русские евреи как новый субэтнос

Translated Title: Russian Jews as the New Sub-Ethnos

Author(s): Юхнёва, Наталия

Date: 2003

Topics: Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Взаимосвязь содержания этнических стереотипов и типа этнической идентичности подростка (на примере русских и еврейских подростков)

Translated Title: Correlation Between the Contents of Ethnic Stereotypes and Types of Adolescents' Ethnic Identity (at the example of Russian and Jewish adolescents)

Author(s): Чибисова М.Ю.; Зверева М.А.

Date: 2011

Topics: Psychology, Ethnicity, Jewish-Non-Jewish Relations, Stereotypes, Teenagers, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: В статье описываются и анализируются результаты эмпирического исследования взаимосвязи этнической идентичности и этнических стереотипов у русских и еврейских подростков. Показано, что у русских и еврейских подростков существует взаимосвязь выраженности этнических автостереотипов и типа этнической идентичности, а также выраженности этнических автостереотипов и выраженности этнической идентичности. Отмечается, что взаимосвязь выраженности этнических автостереотипов и типа этнической идентичности культурно-универсальна для подросткового возраста, а содержательные особенности этой взаимосвязи обладают культурной спецификой.

Национальное самосознание российских евреев. Материалы социологического исследования 1997 - 1998 гг. (статья третья)

Translated Title: National Self-Consciousness of the Russian Jews: Materials of the sociological research 1997-1998 (Third Article)

Author(s): Гительман, Цви; Червяков, Владимир; Шапиро, Валерий

Date: 2001

Topics: Assimilation, Intermarriage, Jewish Identity, Surveys, Demography, National Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Представляем читателям заключительную статью из серии
публикаций, основанных на материалах этносоциологического
исследования, впервые проведенного в 1992–1993 гг. в Москве,
Санкт-Петербурге и Екатеринбурге, повторенного в тех же
городах в 1997–1998 гг. и посвященного разнообразным аспектам
формирования национальной идентичности российских евреев.
Оба раза с помощью формализованного интервью были опрошены
по 1300 респондентов в возрасте 16 лет и старше по репрезентативной для каждого из трех городов выборке. В первых двух статьях серии (см. «Диаспоры», 2000, № 3; 2001, № 1) подробно описаны концепция, методология, инструментарий проекта,
а также рассмотрены его эмпирические результаты, касающиеся
структуры этнической идентичности, роли иудаизма и традиций
в жизни современного еврейства, влияния семьи и ближайшего
социального окружения на национальную самоидентификацию,
освоения культурного наследия, участия в еврейском организованном движении, политических настрений еврейского населения.

Национальное самосознание российских евреев. Материалы социологического исследования 1997–1998 гг. (статья вторая)

Translated Title: Ethnic Self Consciousness of the Russian Jews. Results of Sociological Survey Conducted in 1997–1998 (second article)

Author(s): Гительман, Цви; Червяков, Владимир; Шапиро, Валерий

Date: 2001

Topics: Assimilation, Intermarriage, Jewish Identity, Surveys, Demography, National Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Представляем читателям вторую статью из серии публикаций, основанных на материалах этносоциологического исследования, впервые проведенного в 1992–1993 гг. в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Екатеринбурге, повторенного в тех же городах в 1997–1998 гг. и посвященного разнообразным аспектам формирования национальной идентичности российских евреев. Оба раза с помощью формализованного интервью были опрошены по 1300 респондентов в возрасте 16 лет и старше по репрезентативной для каждого из трех городов выборке. В первой статье серии (см. «Диаспоры», 2000, № 3) подробно описаны концепция, методология, инструментарий проекта, а также рассмотрены его эмпирические результаты, касающиеся, в частности, структуры идентичности, роли иудаизма и традиций в жизни современ
ного еврейс ва, влияния семьи и ближайшего социального окружения на национальную самоидентификацию.

Национальное самосознание российских евреев. Материалы социологического исследования 1997—1998 гг

Translated Title: Ethnic Consciousness of the Russian Jews. Results of Sociological Survey Conducted in 1997—1998

Author(s): Гительман, Цви; Червяков, Владимир; Шапиро, Валерий

Date: 2000

Topics: Assimilation, Intermarriage, Jewish Identity, Surveys, Demography, National Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Предлагаемая статья начинает серию публикаций, в основу
которых легли материалы этносоциологического исследования,
проведенного в трех городах России в 1997–1998 гг. и посвященного разнообразным аспектам формирования национальной идентичности российских евреев. Редакция журнла выражает благодарность авторам проекта за предоставленную возможность стать первым российским научным изданием, знакомящим читателей с результатами этой работы.

Ethnicity, Religion and Demographic Change in Russia: Russians, Tatars and Jews

Author(s): Tolts, Mark

Date: 1996

Topics: Demography, Main Topic: Demography and Migration, Religion, Ethnicity, Comparisons with other communities, Comparative Studies

Abstract:

This paper is the first to compare ethnicity, religion and demographic change among Jews, Russians and Tatars in Russia proper. These three groups were chosen specifically because they represent distinctive religions, as well as greatly differing ethnic backgrounds and cultures. The demographic transition of these three very different ethnic groups was studied for a period of over one hundred years. Ample Russian demographic statistics by ethnic group provided a good basis for such analysis.

Jewish Identification in Contemporary Spain: A European Case Study

Author(s): Cytto, Oren

Date: 2007

Topics: Jewish History, Jewish Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Diasporas with a Difference: Jewish and Georgian Teenagers' Ethnic Identity in the Russian Federation

Author(s): Markowitz, Fran

Date: 1997

Topics: Ethnography, Youth, Teenagers, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community, Comparisons with other communities

Abstract: Extract:

Seven years after the Soviet Union gave way to the Russian Federation (and fourteen other independent states), it is important to see what difference this Soviet legacy makes as young Jews and Georgians in Russia try out the various ethnic understandings at their disposal to forge identities and identifications that resonate with the puzzling political realities in which they live.

Whose Jews? Whose Bosnia? Whose Europe?

Author(s): Markowitz, Fran

Date: 2012

Topics: Nationalism, Ethnicity, Conflict, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: Bosnia-Herzegovina’s governance depends on a constitution that was drafted in Dayton, Ohio. It designates the Bosniacs, Croats and Serbs (along with Others) the country’s constituent peoples. Although Jews have been residents of Bosnia-Herzegovina for 500 years, with the country’s new constitution they have disappeared from official records into the residual category of Others. This article considers how, nonetheless, the Jews of Sarajevo persist as an active community and a named group even as its identity is being defined by others. The interrelated questions, “Whose Jews? Whose Bosnia? Whose Europe?” have no neat, finite answers while Jews-as-Others and Bosnia as an ethnically divided and overdetermined, EU-supervised country remain precariously perched on unsettled and unsettling configurations of rights and power.

After the Rescue: Jewish Identity and Community in Contemporary Denmark

Author(s): Buckser, Andrew

Date: 2003

Topics: Jewish History, Jewish Community, Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: In October of 1943, the Danish resistance rescued almost all of the Jews in Copenhagen from roundups by the occupying Nazis. In the years since, Jews have become deeply engaged in a Danish culture that presents very few barriers of antisemitism or prejudice. This book explores the questions that such inclusion raises for the Danish Jews, and what their answers can tell us about the meaning of religion, ethnicity and community in modern society.
Social scientists have long argued that modernity poses challenges for traditional ethnic communities, by breaking down the networks of locality, kinship, religion and occupation that have held such communities together. For the Danish Jews, inclusion into the larger society has led to increasing fragmentation, as the community has split into a bewildering array of religious, social, and political factions. Yet it remains one of Scandinavia's most vital religious organizations, and Jewishness remains central to self-understanding for thousands of its members. How this has happened - how the Jewish world has maintained its significance while losing any sense of coherence or unity - suggests a new understanding of the meaning of ethnic community in contemporary society.

European Jewish identity at the dawn of the 21 century: A working paper

Author(s): Graham, David

Date: 2004

Topics: Jewish Identity, Ethnicity, Jewish Revival, Secularity, Holocaust, Census, Surveys, Demography, Research, Methodology, Main Topic: Identity and Community

Abstract: David Graham's important study argues that contemporary Jewish identity has been heavily shaped by three key developments: the rise and fall of Communism; the Holocaust; and the increasing secularisation of European society. It notes that existing social research demonstrates a revival of Jewish life in Europe that, whilst heavily influenced by the various broader cultures in which it is located, nevertheless shows striking similarities across national boundaries.

As well as listing and referencing the major studies conducted on different European Jewish communities, it calls for a more unified approach to Jewish social research in Europe, and the collation of key sources into a centralised databank.