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Theorien des Antisemitismus: Eine Systematisierung
Translated Title: Theories of Antisemitism: A Systematization
Author(s): Beyer, Heiko
Date: 2015
Topics: Antisemitism: Theory, Antisemitism: Secondary Antisemitism, Antisemitism: New Antisemitism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Der Aufsatz bietet einen Vergleich der wichtigsten Erklärungsansätze zum modernen Antisemitismus und unterscheidet dabei eine soziale und zwei psychische Funktionen: die Rationalisierung sozialen Wandels, die Externalisierung negativer Selbstanteile und die semantische Konstruktion kollektiver Identität. Im zweiten Teil werden aktuelle Erscheinungsformen des Antisemitismus wie Antizionismus und sekundärer Antisemitismus sowie das Phänomen der Kommunikationslatenz erörtert. Eine abschließende Diskussion zeigt mögliche Grenzen der vorgenommenen Darstellung auf.
Antisemitism and Sexism: Ideological Constellations Before and After 7 October
Author(s): Stögner, Karin
Date: 2026
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, October 7 2023 attacks + aftermath, Gender, Feminism, Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Israel-Related, Antisemitism: Left-Wing, Antisemitism: Theory, Theory: Critical Theory, Sexism and Misogyny, Intersectionality
Abstract: Antisemitism and Sexism: Ideological Constellations Before and After 7 October analyses the manifold ways in which antisemitism and sexism appear not as isolated ideologies but as intersecting ones, exploring their historical, social, political, economic, and psychological constellations. Drawing on Critical Theory, the book offers a comparative historical analysis of these entanglements from nineteenth-century Europe—particularly Germany and Austria—through National Socialism and its preconditions, to the historical and contemporary formations of Islamism. The sexist antisemitism of 7 October and its aftermath are examined as a contemporary eruption of these enduring ideological patterns, while Critical Theory itself is sharpened in light of these events.

Structured around distinct analytical dimensions, the book opens with a theoretically dense examination of the damaged relationship between human beings and nature under modern labour society, identified by Critical Theory as a key source of both antisemitism and sexism. Subsequent chapters analyse the contradictory constructions of Judaism and femininity, the relation between body and mind, and socially regulated forms of sexuality. Conspiracy myths linking weakness and omnipotence, the psychosocial roots of authoritarian dispositions, and the embedding of these ideologies in specific formations of capitalist modernity and repressive communities are examined in turn. The book also offers a critical examination of intersectional feminist antisemitism in the aftermath of 7 October and advances a proposal to reformulate intersectionality as an ideology-critical framework for a feminist critique of antisemitism.
Holocaust Education in Austria in the Light of the Frankfurt School.
Author(s): Rajal, Elke
Date: 2015
Topics: Antisemitism: Theory, Holocaust: Education, Main Topic: Holocaust and Memorial, Theory: Critical Theory
The Ideology of Antisemitism: On Its Persistent Presence as Resentment and Worldview in the Global Age
Author(s): Rensmann, Lars
Editor(s): Beyer, Heiko; Schauer, Alexandra
Date: 2026
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Theory, Theory: Critical Theory
Abstract: The chapter explores the enduring ideological nature of antisemitism as a conspiracist worldview that transcends conventional definitions of prejudice. Challenging both the “post-ideological” thesis and narrow sociological concepts of ideology, the chapter positions modern antisemitism as a paradigmatic form of social and political ideology—hermetic, totalizing, and adaptive. Drawing on intellectual history, critical theory, and contemporary empirical studies, the text traces the ideological evolution of antisemitism from the nineteenth century to today’s authoritarian-populist and anti-Zionist movements. The chapter highlights antisemitism’s distinctive features: its amorphous, projection-driven structure; its role as a container for contradictory resentments; and its powerful emotional and conspiratorial appeal. In doing so, it contributes to a critical theory of ideology attuned to the transformations and resurgences of antisemitic thought in the twenty-first century.
Negative Didactics: Limits of Education against Antisemitism
Author(s): Gutfleisch, Henning
Date: 2026
Topics: Antisemitism: Education against, Teaching and Pedagogy, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Theory, Theory: Critical Theory
Abstract: The “limits of enlightenment” substantially define antisemitism and the challenge for its critique. While this has been thoroughly researched both social-theoretically and psychoanalytically, an educational-theoretical inquiry into the subject matter is missing still in current research on (contemporary) antisemitism. By engaging with recent scholarly contributions that analyze the structural and conceptual boundaries of antisemitism-critical education “Negative Didactics” reflects on the present state of education in German society that widely reproduces antisemitism instead of diminishing it. While focusing on the defense of guilt and its repercussions for antisemitism-critical education, the article asks the following: Where are these boundaries drawn in research? How does research substantiate them in relation to concrete educational practice? What consequences derive from it—for education in general and for its didactics and practice in particular? As an educational-theoretical draft, this article reflects on the epistemic assumptions and didactic framework under which lived experience is systematically occluded. From there, this paper emphasizes the need to negatively determine which types of pedagogical methods, approaches, and didactics in antisemitism-critical education fail, why, and how.
Labour, antisemitism and the critique of political economy
Author(s): Bolton, Matthew; Pitts, Frederick Harry
Editor(s): Stoetzler, Marcel
Date: 2023
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Left-Wing, Politics, Politics: Political Parties, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: This chapter uses the critical theory of antisemitism (e.g. Postone 2006) to analyse the antisemitism crisis which erupted in the British Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership (2015–20). Explanations for the seemingly sudden explosion of antisemitism within leftist milieus commonly focused on the idea of antisemitism as a ‘virus’ imported into the party from outside by extremists (see Gidley et al. 2020 for an account). This chapter challenges this narrative, developing our previous work (2018, 2020a) to argue that the roots of the crisis under Corbyn can be found in the ‘truncated’ or ‘foreshortened’ critique of capitalism (see Kurz 2007; Heinrich 2012) that has been a feature of the British socialist and liberal left since its formation, of which ‘Corbynism’ represented a concentrated form. This worldview regards capitalism as the corruption of an otherwise benign form of productive society by capitalists motivated by greed and personal immorality. The ‘real economy’ of productive national industry is valorised and opposed to unproductive, parasitical global finance, which is taken to fraudulently conjure money out of money (Bonefeld 2014).
Collective Victimhood and Social Prejudice: A Post-Holocaust Theory of Anti-Semitism
Author(s): Antoniou, Giorgos; Dinas, Elias; Kosmidis, Spyros
Date: 2020
Topics: Antisemitism: Discourse and Tropes, Holocaust, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Memory, Surveys, Antisemitism: Attitude Surveys, Prejudice, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: Anti-Semitism represents one of the most penetrating forms of prejudice, yet social research has failed to address the causal underpinnings of the phenomenon. To this end, we empirically test the notion that anti-Semitism builds on the legacy of the Holocaust. Standing as the benchmark for collective suffering, the Holocaust creates competition over recognition of the status of the victim. Upward comparisons between victimized ingroups with other victimized outgroups trigger social prejudice. Victimhood, thus, creates an antagonistic view of the Jews that, in turn, fuels anti-Semitic prejudice. We test this theory using data from Greece—the European nation with the highest proportion of anti-Semites—leveraging two survey experiments and a natural experiment. Our results confirm our theoretical expectations, showing that perceived victimhood fuels anti-Semitism. The findings of our research carry important implications for dealing with anti-Semitism and for combating various forms of outgroup prejudice.
Some Epistemological Issues in the Public Debate on Contemporary Antisemitism in France
Author(s): Zawadzki, Paul
Date: 2017
Topics: Antisemitism, Theory, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Incident Monitoring, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: During the last 15 years, the phenomenon of an increase in antisemitic acts in France has led to numerous commentaries, to people taking public stances, and to some preliminary university-based research studies. In this article, we formulate certain epistemological and moral issues that we always encounter sooner or later when we study antisemitism. By starting with certain elements of the public discussion in which a number of academics have participated, we wanted to raise awareness of the reasoning and logic of ideas connected to sociological practice. Among the number of entangled questions that the public debates let us glimpse, at least two of these call into question the practice of sociology. The first has to do with the negation of the reality of contemporary antisemitism. The second touches on a problem that is both moral and epistemological, and has to do with the problem of causal determinism. An individual is only responsible if he is free. If we think that individuals are determined by causes, we must accept to think them as not responsible. We think that it is by taking into account these two questions that a non-deterministic sociology could be developed. This article is dedicated to providing a brief answer to these questions.
Der teuflische Dritte Zum Verhältnis von Antisemitismus und Rassismus
Translated Title: The Diabolical Third: On the Relationship Between Antisemitism and Racism
Author(s): Ellmers, Sven
Date: 2026
Topics: Antisemitism: Definitions, Antisemitism: Theory, Racism, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Der Beitrag wendet sich gegen zwei gegenläufige Tendenzen der jüngeren Antisemitismusforschung. Auf der einen Seite steht die nominalistische Position von David Engel, der den Antisemitismusbegriff wegen der Disparität der unter ihm zusammengefassten Phänomene aufgeben und durch präzisere, kontextbezogene Begriffe ersetzen will. Auf der anderen Seite steht die sogenannte Kontinuumsthese, die Antisemitismus in ein Kontinuum rassistischer Entmenschlichung einordnet. Demgegenüber plädiert der Beitrag für ein hermeneutisch fundiertes Antisemitismusverständnis, das auf die semantische Struktur antijüdischer Ausdrucksgestalten abhebt. Diese Struktur umfasst zwei epochenübergreifende Kernelemente: zum einen die Figur des Dritten als eine fundamental asymmetrische Fremdgruppenkonstruktion, zum anderen ein verschwörungstheoretisches Erklärungsmuster, das in der Vorstellung des Juden als teuflischem Dritten kulminiert. Von diesem Kern aus wird die Subsumtion unter den Rassismusbegriff als gegenstandsinadäquat zurückgewiesen, ohne semantische Überschneidungen (etwa mit antiziganistischen Zuschreibungen) aus dem Blick zu verlieren.
The Resurgence of Antisemitism in the 21st Century: Patterns, Trends, and Solutions
Author(s): Arnold, Sina; Hirsh, David; Jikeli, Günther; Dashefsky, Arnold; Goldberg, Chad Alan
Date: 2026
Topics: Sociology, Antisemitism: Theory, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: At the 120th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Chicago, August 2025, three prominent antisemitism scholars discussed the timing, causes, and forms of resurgent antisemitism in the twenty-first century; its relationship to populism, to antizionism, and to other types of hatred; and practical steps to reduce antisemitism.
Fighting with phantoms: a contribution to the debate on antisemitism in Europe
Author(s): Fine, Robert
Date: 2009
Topics: Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: New Antisemitism, Theory, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: The point of departure of this paper is the polarization of ways of thinking about antisemitism in Europe, between those who see its recent resurgence and those that affirm its empirical marginalization and normative delegitimation. The historical question raised by this polarization of discourses is this: what has happened to the antisemitism that once haunted Europe? Both the current camps—‘alarmists’ and ‘deniers’, as they are sometimes known, or, perhaps more accurately, new antisemitism theorists and their critics—have the strength to challenge celebratory views of European civilization. One camp sees the return to Europe of an old antisemitism in a new and mediated guise. The other sees the return to Europe of a rhetoric of antisemitism that is not only anachronistic but also delusory and deceptive. Overshadowing this debate is the memory of the Holocaust and the continuing presence of the Israel–Palestine conflict. The aim of this paper is to get inside these discourses and deconstruct the dualism that generates homogenizing and stigmatizing typifications on either side. The spirit of Hannah Arendt hovers over this work and the question of the meaning of her legacy runs through the text.
Widerspruchstoleranz. Ein Theorie-Praxis-Handbuch zu Antisemitismuskritik und Bildungsarbeit
Translated Title: Tolerance of contradiction. A theory-practice manual on anti-Semitism criticism and educational work
Date: 2013
Topics: Antisemitism: Education against, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Teaching and Pedagogy, Tolerance, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: Die Broschüre "Widerspruchstoleranz" von der "Kreuzberger Initiative gegen Antisemitismus (KIGA)" bezieht sich auf das Modellprojekt "Anerkennen, Auseinandersetzen, Begegnen – präventive pädagogische Konzepte gegen Antisemitismus für die Migrationsgesellschaft". Ziel des Projektes ist es sich intensiv mit den derzeitigen Herausforderungen für die Bildungsarbeit gegen Antisemitismus auseinanderzusetzen und vor diesem Hintergrund Methodenbausteine für die pädagogische Arbeit zu der Thematik zu entwickeln.

Die Broschüre ist in drei Teile untergliedert. Der erste Teil setzt sich intensiv mit theoretischen Fragen (z.B. NS-Geschichtsvermittlung, Nahostkonflikt, Alltagskultur u.a.) auseinander, im zweiten Teil werden Diskussionen und Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis, die im verantwortlichen Team stattgefunden haben, vorgestellt. Die Broschüre endet mit einer ausführlichen Darstellung von Methoden für die pädagogische Arbeit. Auf der beiliegenden DVD befinden sich alle Anleitungen inklusive der dazugehörigen Materialien und Vorlagen.
Betroffenheitsphase, Mediodoxie und Machtfeld: Rekonstruktion von antisemitischen und antimuslimisch-rassistischen Erfahrungen
Translated Title: Phase of concern, mediodoxia and field of power: Reconstruction of anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim-racist experiences
Author(s): Kaya, Fatih Bahadir
Date: 2025
Topics: Islamophobia, Interviews, Discourse and Narrative, Theory, Antisemitism: Jewish Perceptions and Experiences, Main Topic: Antisemitism, Antisemitism: Theory
Abstract: In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden Antisemitismus und antimuslimischer Rassismus aus Akteur*innenperspektive in der Tradition der praxeologischen Wissenssoziologie untersucht. Grundlage ist ein qualitatives Forschungsdesign, das mit Betroffenenerfahrungen operiert. Diese Studie schließt ein zentrales Desiderat und leistet einen innovativen Beitrag zur mikrosoziologischen Analyse von jüdischen und muslimischen Diskriminierungserfahrungen. Im Zentrum stehen die rekonstruierten Coping-Habitus der Betroffenen, die in einem idealtypisch entwickelten Phasenmodell systematisiert werden. Die Arbeit rekonstruiert Strukturmerkmale des antisemitischen und antimuslimisch-rassistischen Machtfeldes. Sie führt mit dem Begriff der Mediodoxie eine neue Kategorie ein, um ambivalente Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsweisen zwischen Orthodoxie und Häresie zu theoretisieren, die die Gleichzeitigkeit der Betroffenheit, Herausbildung des Coping-Habitus sowie die internalisierte, nicht intendierte Reproduktion von Ungleichheitslogik beschreibt. Das Buch sensibilisiert für die paradoxe Struktur sozialer Praxis: Es zeigt, wie Betroffenheit zugleich zur Reproduktion von Ungleichheit beitragen kann und plädiert für eine epistemisch wachsame Sozioanalyse diskriminierungsbezogener Erfahrung.
Postkolonialismus und Antisemitismus: Bibliographie und Einleitung zur Kritik postkolonialer und postmodern - antirassistischer Thematisierungen von Antisemitismus, Holocaust, Judentum und Zionismus - mit einem neuen Anhang zur allgemeinen Kritik an postkolonialen und dekolonialen Studien
Translated Title: Postcolonialism and Antisemitism: Bibliography on the critique of postcolonial and antiracist discussion of Antisemitism, the Holocaust, Judaism, and Israel – with a new appendix on the general critique of postcolonial and decolonial studies
Author(s): Elbe, Ingo
Date: 2026
Topics: Literature Reviews and Bibliographies, Post-Colonial, Anti-Racism, Antisemitism: Definitions, Antisemitism: Theory, Main Topic: Antisemitism
Abstract: Postkoloniale und poststrukturalistische antirassistische Theorieansätze gewinnen weltweit einen immer größeren Einfluss an Universitäten, im Politik- und Kulturbetrieb sowie in sozialen Bewegungen. Das Bild, das prominente Vertreterinnen und Vertreter dieser Ansätze dabei von Antisemitismus und Holocaust einerseits, Judentum und Zionismus andererseits zeichnen, weist allerdings systematische Verzerrungen und Fehler auf: Unterschiedliche Formen und Radikalitätsgrade der begrifflichen Entspezifizierung oder Verharmlosung von Antisemitismus, der Relativierung der Shoah sowie der Dämonisierung Israels und des Zionismus sind dabei festzustellen. Die folgende Bibliographie bietet einen ersten Überblick über Kritiken an postkolonialen, bzw. antirassistischen Deutungen von Antisemitismus, Shoah, Zionismus und Israel.

Postcolonial and poststructuralist antiracist theoretical approaches are gaining increasing influence at universities, in the political and cultural spheres, and in social movements worldwide. However, the picture that prominent representatives of these approaches draw of Antisemitism and the Holocaust on the one hand, and Judaism and Zionism on the other, exhibits systematic distortions and errors: Different forms and degrees of radicality of the conceptual de-specification or trivialization of Antisemitism, the relativization of the Shoah, and the demonization of Israel and Zionism can be observed. The following bibliography offers an initial overview of critiques of postcolonial or antiracist interpretations of Antisemitism, the Shoah, Zionism, and Israel.